HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-13-2003 ICPD Report/MemosSER 01.1
REPORT REVIEW
Date of Issue General Order Number
NOVEMBER 20 2001 90-02
Effective Date Section Code
NOVEMBER 26, 2001 SER-01
Reevaluation Date I Amends/Cancels
NOVEMBER 2005 3/03 1 JUNE 25 1990 ISSUE
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
82.2.1
INDEX AS:
Report Review
Report Process
Reports Required
Evaluations
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this order is to provide an orderly system for the preparation and audit
of official reports; to identify and correct inadequacies; and, to cause improvement in
the quality, accuracy and timeliness of reporting. This order defines the procedures,
authorities and responsibilities involved in the preparation, processing and review of
official reports in the Iowa City Police Department.
11 POLICY
Itfs the policy of the Iowa City Police Department to achieve and mointein a hltjh IeveF;
the e
to all
iiicwiuefb ni uie reporting process is'witnln ttte purview of this Order.
SER 01.2
III. DEFINITIONS
Report Review Officer - One of the duties assigned to the Sergeant of Planning
and Research.
For the purpose of this order report refers to; report forms provided by the
Department, traffic citations, charges, State Accident and Implied Consent forms,
supplemental reports, and other reporting formats as determined by the Chief of
Police or Designee. This includes the use of electronic forms appfoaed by, the
Chief of Police.
IV. PROCEDURES
A report review function has been established in the Iowa City Police D(;�artmepj for
the purpose of providing a central review and audit of official reports. The capture of
data from reports for officer performance evaluation would tend to encourage individual
interest in report quality improvement. The report review function is therefore redefined
to incorporate responsibilities related to these systems and processes.
A major objective of the report review process is to promote uniformity in preparation,
supervisory review, correction, evaluation and timely processing of reports among the
different organizational components. While uniformity tends to equalize factors such as
error correction and performance weighting, it is not intended to reduce the authority or
flexibility of first line supervisors in their review and assessment of reports; or, their
actions to provide training to eliminate inconsistencies.
It is stressed that report review is a joint responsibility of all personnel involved in the
reporting sequence, from initiating officer to supervisor, review officer and command
staff. Review, correction, evaluation and training necessary to report quality should be
conducted at every level and not considered a task solely for Records Section report
review.
1) Reporting Officers
a) To the extent possible officers are delegated the authority and responsibility
for determining the nature and extent of police action necessary in each
assigned activity.
b) Officers shall complete reports for all classifications of calls as determined by
the Report Review Officer, as directed by Departmental orders, as
determined by a watch supervisor, or for incidents which a responding officer
determines documentation is appropriate. Reports shall be concise, legible,
and timely.
c) Reports shall be completed on forms designated by the Report Review
Officer or as designated in Departmental Orders. Report forms shall be
SER 01.3
completed to the extent possible and include mandatory fields and other
relevant information.
d) For all incidents requiring a report, the assigned officer shall submit to the
Records Section, documentation detailing the circumstances associated with
the incident, by the end of the officer's tour of duty. If the incident is one in
which an incident report is not required, i.e. PAULA, a copy of the charge will
serve as documentation. Incidents which require an incident or accident
report, shall be completed at least to the extent that any supervisor can
identify; the type of incident, date, time, location, victim and suspect. The
assigned officer shall indicate on the submitted documentation that the
incident is under investigation.
For incidents under investigation by the initial reporting officer, the officer
shall complete the report as soon as practical. All reports shall be completed
within 30 calendar days. Reports of investigations extending beyond 30 days
require the approval of the Watch Commander on which the original incident
occurred. Officers shall file an update report on all cases that extend beyond
30 days at intervals not exceeding 10 days. The Watch or Section
Commander may waive the mandatory update reports by submitting in
writing, notice to the Report Review Officer that the update reports have been
waived. Where applicable, the person waiving the update report should
include an anticipated date of completion.
e) For incidents requiring follow-up investigation by the reporting or other officer,
the originating officer shall complete required reports to the extent possible
and submit a copy to the on duty watch commander. When an officer
requests follow-up by another officer, the originating officer shall complete a
follow up request sheet and attach it to a copy of the original report. The
follow up request will be submitted to an on duty watch commander.
f) Copies of all charges shall be submitted prior to the end of the officer's watch.
Traffic Citations shall be submitted as determined by the Report Review
Officer. All other charges shall be submitted to a watch supervisor for review.
Officers shall submit a copy of all non -traffic charges to the ECO for
docketing. (this includes juvenile charges)
2) Watch Supervisors
a) Watch supervisors have the primary authority and responsibility to review and
determine adequacy of subordinate reporting; to require correction or addition
to reports when necessary; to delay report submission where justified; _or
require the completion of any report prior to the end of the reportir b_gfficors
watch.
b) Watch supervisors are responsible for timely report completion a.nd
submission, and for conducting or recommending personnel training requRgd
for improvement in reporting quality. =
SER 01.4
c) A watch supervisor may withhold a report for cause. The supervisor holding
the report shall submit in writing the reason for holding the report. Le.
incomplete, incorrect or illegible.
3) Report Review Officer
a) The Report Review Officer is a function of the Sergeant of Planning and
Research. The Report Review Officer is delegated the authority and
responsibility to act on behalf of the Chief of Police in conducting a review of
all police reports.
b) The Report Review Officer is authorized to conduct detailed review of all
police reports; to return unacceptable reports for correction; to monitor the
status of the reporting process and recommend such action or training as
required for improvement. The Report Review Officer shall maintain a record
of all returned reports along with their final disposition.
c) The Report Review Officer is responsible for timely processi o
�: �, reports,
,
coordination with supervisors and Department Staff on quesbons =and —
improvement action; maintenance of such records and analytical` data as ---
required to support the review and related systems.
4) Report Review Procedures -
a) All reports will be assigned a number and be forwarded to a watai supervisor
prior to the end of the watch during which the report was originated. Any
delay in submission shall be approved by the respective watch supervisor,
and a copy indicating the case is under investigation shall be submitted to
Records.
b) Watch supervisors shall review reports for completeness, accuracy and
adequacy; and shall require necessary corrections or additions.
c) The Report Review Officer shall review submitted reports and ensure that all
incidents requiring reports have been accounted for. Incident reports will be
coordinated with the supervisor, Investigative Section, to determine feasibility
of further investigative action. Copies of selected reports will be forwarded to
investigations for action.
d) The Report Review Officer will examine each report to determine the
adequacy of the report. Where correction or additional information is needed,
the report will be returned to the responsible Watch Commander with a
Revision Request form attached, specifying the nature of error, omission or
clarification and a due date for return. The Watch Commander shall cause
any correction to be made by the reporting officer.
I. Reports returned for clarification, correction or completion shall be
completed and resubmitted within 10 working days. Reports requiring
an extension shall be approved in writing by the Watch Commander of
SER 01.5
the officer involved. Such extension shall indicate the reason, i.e.
officer unavailable, along with an anticipated date of completion.
e) The Report Review Officer will ensure entries are logged and traffic citations
entered into the traffic records system.
f) The Report Review Officer shall forward relevant reports to affected divisions
or watches. He/she shall forward reports or classifications of reports to the
Investigative Section as requested by the Investigations supervisor.
g) Upon final review by the Report Review Officer, reports shall be forwarded to
the Records section for processing and filing.
inkelhake, Chief of -.
WARNING
This directive is for departmental use only and does not apply in any criminal or civil
proceeding.' The department policy should not be.constru6d as a creation of higher -
legal standard of safety or care in an evidentiary sense with - respdet to tfilyd parr;
claims. Violations of this directive will only form the basis for dapartme_n
administrative sanctions.tall
1�
OPS-10.1
CANINE
OPERATIONS
Date of Reissue General Order Number
April 28, 2000 1 99-04
Effective Date Section Code
April 21, 1999 OPS-1 1
Reevaluation Date I Amends / Cancels
April2005 5/03 NEW
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
41.1.4, 1.3.6
INDEX AS:
Canine -)
Reports -= _
Searches -
Use of Force
I. PURPOSE_'
y
It is the purpose of this policy to provide guidelines for the management and us"f the
department's canine unit. The utilization of canines requires adherence to procedures
that properly control their use and channel their specialized capabilities into acceptable
crime prevention and control activities.
II. POLICY
It is the policy of the Iowa City Police Department to use trained canine teams in
acceptable fashions, to augment the traditional law enforcement and crime prevention
functions of the Iowa City Police Department. The Department recognizes that under
certain circumstances that the use of a canine constitutes a use of force and must
comply with the Departments Use of Force policy.
OPS-10.2
IV.
DEFINITIONS
Canine (K-9) Team: an officer handler and his/her assigned police canine.
Canine Supervisor: Commander of Field Operations
J
PROCEDURES
r�
A. CANINE UTILIZATION
1. The Department's canine team is available on a 24-holes, call gyt
basis to: conduct building searches; assist in the arrest or prevent
the escape of serious or violent offenders; protect officers or others
from death or serious injury; track suspects or locate lost or missing
persons, or hidden evidence of a crime, and detect the presence of
narcotics or explosives.
a. Canine teams should not be used to respond to minor
complaints but may engage in assignments not listed here with
approval of the canine supervisor or on duty watch commander.
b. Canine teams may be called upon to do public demonstrations
as assigned.
2. Canine handlers are responsible for determining whether a
situation justifies canine use and the appropriate tactical measures
that should be taken. Where the on -scene supervisor disagrees
with the handler's tactical assessment, the Commander of Field
Operations should be notified and his/her decision followed.
Where time does not permit such notification, the directions of the
on -scene supervisor shall be followed.
a. Police canines shall not be handled or given commands by
anyone other than the assigned handler. Should the assigned
handler be injured or otherwise unable to command the canine,
the canine should be removed from the scene.
3. Canine team assistance shall be requested by patrol officers
through an immediate supervisor. Communications center
personnel will forward the requisite information concerning the
incident to the canine handler or unit supervisor. Requests from
the Investigative Section should be routed through Investigative
Supervisor on duty, or if unavailable, the request should be routed
through the on -duty watch commander. In instances where the
request comes from an active SRT response, the request will be
routed through the SRT supervisor in charge of the scene.
OPS-10.3
B. BUILDING SEARCHES FOR SUSPECTS IN HIDING
A primary use of canines is for locating suspects in buildings or related
structures where search by officers would create an unnecessary risk to
officers and/or bystanders. All building searches or entries shall comply
with departmental directives pertaining to building searches and entry. In
addition the following guidelines apply when a canine unit is used in the
search:
1. The building perimeter should be secured by responding personnel.
2. In all cases, an attempt shall be made to contact the building's owner
or tenant, an attempt shall be made to determine whether there may
be tenants or others in the building, and an attempt shall be made to
ascertain the building's layout.
3. When a canine building search is anticipated, a prelimir�afiy search by
officers should not be conducted, as this will interfere wittl5e ca-irne's_,
ability to discriminate scents. _
4. On -scene personnel should take the following steps in preparationfor,
.
the canine search:
a. Evacuate all tenants, workers or others from the facility.-
b. Request that all air moving equipment be shut down. > -
5. The canine shall not be used to search facilities that contain
substances potentially harmful to the animal unless overriding risk to
human life is present. The presence of such substances is a factor
weighing in favor of an on -lead search of the property.
6. Unless exigent circumstances exist, prior to commencing the search,
the handler or other designated person shall loudly announce that
there are police officers on the premises and that a trained police
canine will be released if the individual does not surrender. This
statement shall be repeated at least once. In the absence of exigent
circumstances the canine unit shall wait at least 3 minutes prior to
entry of the structure, to allow the suspect a reasonable opportunity to
respond. In multilevel, partitioned or large single level structures said
announcement shall be repeated as reasonably necessary to apprise
occupants of the structure that there are police officers on the
premises and that a trained police canine will be released if the
individual does not surrender. For example, this standard may require
a repetition of the announcement at new levels, entryways or portions
of the structure distant from the original location of entry. The time and
location of the announcement(s) should be relayed to communications
for inclusion in the CAD but in any case shall be noted in the canine
officer's incident report.
OPS-10.4
C.
7. Prior to entry, all exits should be secured or placed under observation,
and communications assigned to a designated frequency and limited
to a tactical nature.
8. Prior to entry;
a. exits should be under containment. Officers should be positioned
in such a manner as to provide a view of the site without exposing
them. Containment means the suspect cannot escape from the
perimeter without being observed.
b. radio communications switched to a designated frequency and
limited to a tactical nature.
9. The decision as to whether the search should be conducted on or off
lead will be made by the handler based on the information available at
the time. The presence of substances potentially harmful to the canine
is a factor weighing in favor of an on -lead search.
10.When apprehending suspects in these or related circumstances,
canines shall be commanded to disengage as soon as the suspect is
subdued or readily complies with officer's commands.
11.Assisting officers should not walk between the canine and the suspect
unless specifically instructed to do so by the handler.
12.The arrestee should not be transported in the same vehicle with the
canine unless alternative transportation is not available and immediate
transport is essential for safety or security reasons.
REPORTS REQUIRED
ry
Use of specially trained police canines for law enforcement reslgnsibijies
constitutes a real or implied use of force. In this as in other camas, offjsers
may only use that degree of force that reasonably appears necessary to
apprehend or secure a suspect as governed by this department's Use of
Force policy. In all instances where a canine is deployed, a K-9
Supplemental Report shall be submitted by the handler, or in the event
he/she is unable to complete the report, by a watch supervisor. The K-9
Supplemental Report shall be forwarded to the Canine Supervisor.
Whenever the canine unit apprehends a person, the handler shall
complete a Use of Force Report. Whenever a canine apprehends an
individual with physical contact, whether or not in the line -of -duty, the
handler shall:
Summon a supervisor to the scene.
Examine the affected area to determine the seriousness of the bite
or injury.
-l1
�J
OPS-10.5
3. Obtain medical treatment for the person, medical personnel should
examine the affected area irrespective of the perceived
seriousness of the bite or injury.
4. Take color photographs of the affected area, if possible, prior to
and following medical treatments. A "full body" photograph should
also be included.
5. Complete an incident report whenever it is known or alleged that a
canine has apprehended or otherwise injured an individual. The
report shall detail the circumstances surrounding the incident, the
identity of the individual involved and any witnesses, the extent of
the injuries, if known, and measures taken in response to the
incident. A Use of Force report shall also be filled out. Copies of
the incident report shall be forwarded to the Commander of Field
Operations prior to the end of the watch.
D. CROWD CONTROL "
1. Canine teams shall not be used for crowd control -for pea¢efuf
demonstrations or gatherings. 1
2. Canine teams shall be used for crowd control only upon --approval of '
the watch commander or canine supervisor, to protect againsGheft
or property damage during a riot or unlawful assembly (see IA code
chapter 723) that cannot be controlled by other means. In these
situations canines shall:
a. be short leashed at all times unless no other means are
available to protect an individual from serious injury; and
b. not initiate any offensive action, unless to guard against
imminent loss of life or serious bodily injury.
E. DRUG DETECTION
Use of police canines in a drug detection capacity is authorized in the
following situations and under the following conditions:
1. The canine unit supervisor shall maintain records that document
the use and proficiency of individual canines in drug detection.
This documentation shall be readily available to canine officers
and others who may need it when seeking warrants.
2. Random exploratory sniffing of luggage, packages or other
inanimate objects may be conducted in public facilities such as
airports, and bus terminals, as authorized by the canine unit
OPS-10.6
supervisor or other authorized command officer and in accordance
with State and Federal law.
a. When a drug detection canine alerts to luggage or related
items, a warrant or consent to search must be obtained before it
is opened unless exigent circumstances exist to justify a
warrantless search.
The use of drug detection canines in public schools is permitted
only when:
a. The school's principal or designated authority requests or
approves use of the canines.
b. there is reasonable and articulable suspicion to believe that
illegal narcotics are being distributed and/or consumed on the
premises such that the interests of the school are being
unacceptably compromised; and
c. the search is limited to inanimate objects in public areas and the
exterior of student lockers unless reasonable and articulable
suspicion exists to gain admission to lockers and related areas
where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy. (see Iowa
Code Chapter 808A, Student Searches)
4. Drug -sniffing canines may be used to sniff motor vehicles when:
a. reasonable suspicion exists to believe the operator or
passengers are in possession of illegal narcotics; or
b. during a valid vehicle stop, the canine is used to sniff the
vehicle's exterior in an exploratory manner. Unless the canine
alerts to the vehicle, the operator may not be detained longer
than necessary to conclude the business associa"J with7lhe
initial stop.
_ -1
F. TRACKING
Police canines are available with supervisory approval to t`mi4ing,,,J
persons or suspects, or to locate evidence that the supervisoa-has reason
to believe has been abandoned or hidden in a specified open area. Such
searches are subject to the following conditions and limitations:
When officers are pursuing suspects and contact with the suspect
is lost, the officer, prior to summoning a canine team shall:
a. stop and pinpoint the location where the suspect was last
seen
b. shut off engines of vehicles in the area if possible; and
c. avoid vehicle or foot movement in the area where the suspect
or subject was last seen.
2. Canines used for tracking persons shall remain on a leash of
sufficient length to provide a reasonable measure of safety to the
OPS-10.7
C
H.
subject of the search without compromising the canine's tracking
abilities.
3. When used to locate small children, unless there is a reasonable
suspicion of foul play or a reasonable belief that serious bodily
injury or death will occur if the child is not located immediately, the
search shall be conducted on leash. If circumstances are such that
an off -leash search is necessary, the canine officer shall explain
the risks of apprehension to the parents or next of kin and their
approval obtained to use the dog.
4. Canine teams should not be used to apprehend persons suspected
to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or the mentally
disturbed, if no other crime is involved, unless the person posses
an immediate significant threat of death or serious physical injury to
an officer or others.
CANINE USE
1. Teasing, agitating or roughhousing with police canine is strictly
prohibited unless performed as part of a training exercise.
2. Handlers shall not allow anyone to touch, pet or hug their canine
without their permission and immediate supervision. Should a
civilian express a desire to do so, they should be informed that
police canines are working dogs and they can be dangerous if
improperly approached.
OUTSIDE USE OF CANINES v
1. Handlers will not offer or provide the services of the police ce[Nne'
for use to any outside agency without supervisor approval, -The -on -
duty shift supervisor will make the decision and grant=br cgny -�
approval for the K-9 unit to respond to the requesting a_jtncy. The
supervisor will consider the current availability of units withinThe
city prior to authorizing the use of the unit outside the city.
2. Emergency requests for the canine unit which occur when the
canine unit is off -duty, will be cleared by the watch commander and
coordinated with the canine unit.
CANINE USE AND CARE
Canines are the sole property of the Iowa City Police Department and
assigned to the selected officer(s) as a law enforcement tool. The canine
OPS-10.8
officer has assigned responsibilities to maintain the animal, but the animal
may be reassigned at the discretion of the Chief of Police.
1. Police canines shall not be used for breeding, participation in
shows, field trials, exhibitions or demonstrations without prior
approval of the Chief of Police or his/her designee.
2. Canine handlers are personally responsible for the daily care and
feeding of the their animal including, but not limited to:
a. maintenance and cleaning of the kennel and yard area where
the canine is housed;
b. provision of food, water and general diet maintenance as
prescribed by the departmentally authorized veterinarian;
c. grooming on a daily basis, or more often as required by
weather, working conditions or other factors;
d. daily exercise (police canines are not permitted to run at large
unless performing police duties, i.e. training, under the direct
control of the handler);
1) when someone other than the handler is exercising or
otherwise handling the canine in public, the canine shall be
muzzled.
e. general medical attention and maintenance of health care
records.
The kennel area of the officer's residence is subject to inspection by the
Chief of Police or his/her designee without notice. Any records pertaining
to the canine which are housed at the officer's home are al,Jq subject to
review and inspection without notice.
VETERINARY SERVICE
i
A licensed veterinarian will be chosen by the City to apply itch
veterinary services as needed. Periodic examinations will be3�irrangeif by
the veterinarian for the canine. All medical treatments will be
administered through the veterinarian's orders. In an extreme emergency
the handler may utilize the nearest available veterinarian. The handler will
notify the City veterinarian as to the illness or injury of the canine, and
treatment given, as soon as possible.
K. REFRESHER TRAINING
In order to continually develop the skills learned in the initial training,
refresher training will be scheduled as needed. The canine supervisor
shall arrange for periodic training to include re -certification of specific skills
at designated periods. The primary responsibility of maintaining the
working capabilities of the canine will remain with the handler. The canine
�01
handler shall forward documentation of all training to the department's
training officer.
J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police
WAAMNG
This directive is for departmental Use only and dd`ds' 40 a1� i�ia1 flr ai�i1?
proceeding the dep ttYndnt p lic QI"��► of � ,` ►� d-
legal standard Of ,Saf or oae e,� j��� a �
. t t1d� claims, Vit fatiohs f t 0,60W �..Vn V6 life U, "I
administrative sanctions.
J
-
ry
..
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OPS-03.1
USE OF
FORCE
Date of Reissue General Order Number
April 28, 2001 99-05
Effective Date Section Code
April 21, 1999 OPS-03
Reevaluation Date I Amends /6aacels
ril2004 4103 95-03
C.A.L.EA. Reference
1.3.1 - 1.3.8, 1.3.13
INDEX AS:
Use of Force Reporting Significant Force Investigation-,-
Use of Force Model Canine -?
Arrests Warning Shots
na
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this policy is to provide members of the Iowa-, City Police
Department with guidelines on the use of deadly and non -deadly force.
II. POLICY
The Iowa City Police Department recognizes and respects the value and special
integrity of each human life. In investing officers with the lawful authority to use force to
protect the public welfare, a careful balancing of all human interests is required.
Therefore, it is the policy of the Iowa City Police Department that police officers shall
use only that force that is reasonable and necessary to effectively bring an incident
under control, while protecting the lives of the officers and others.
OPS-03.2
III. DEFINITIONS
Definition - Deadly force (Section 704.2, Code of Iowa) for the purpose of
this policy shall mean any of the following:
1. Force used for the purpose of causing serious injury.
2. Force which the actor knows, or reasonably should know, will create a
strong probability that serious injury will occur.
3. The discharge of a firearm, in the direction of some person with the
knowledge of the person's presence there, even though no intent to inflict
serious physical injury can be shown.
4. The discharge of a firearm, at a vehicle in which a person is known to be.
Definition - Serious injury (Section 702.18 Code of Iowa)
Means disabling mental illness, or bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of
death or which causes serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or
impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.
Definition - Reasonable force (Section 704.1, Code of Iowa)
Is that force and no more which a reasonable person, in like circumstances,
would judge to be necessary to prevent an injury or loss and can include deadly
force if it is reasonable to believe that such force is necessary to avoid injury or
risk to one's life or safety or the life or safety of another, or it is reasonable to
believe that such force is necessary to resist a like force or threat. Reasonable
force, including deadly force, may be used if an alternative course of action is
available if the alternative entails a risk to life or safety, or the life or safety of a
third party, or requires one to abandon or retreat from one's dwelling or place of
business or employment.
Definition - Reasonable officer: Objective Standard
1. "The 'Reasonableness' of a particular use of force must be judged from
the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene rather than with the
20/20 vision of hindsight. Graham v. Connor, 109, S.Ct. Y$65,1b-'2.
(1989) = .-,
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2. "Reasonableness" also takes into account that police officers make
judgements in a split second under circumstances that are "tense,
uncertain, and rapidly evolving - about the amount of force that is
necessary in a particular situation. Graham v. Connor, 109 S.Ct.
1865,1872. (1989)
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OPS-03.3
Definition - As used in this policy, "less lethal munitions"
Means projectiles which are designed to stun, temporarily incapacitate, or cause
temporary discomfort to a person.
IV. Code of Iowa - Use of Force in Making Arrests and Preventing
Escape
Section 804.8 Use of force by peace officer making an arrest.
A peace officer, while making a lawful arrest, is justified in the use of any force
which the peace officer reasonably believes to be necessary to effect the arrest
or to defend any person from bodily harm while making the arrest. However, the
use of deadly force is only justified when a person cannot be captured any other
way and either:
1. The person has used or threatened to use deadly force in committing a
felony, or
2. The peace officer reasonably believes the person would use deadly force
against any person unless immediately apprehended.
A peace officer making an arrest pursuant to an invalid warrant is justified in the
use of any force which the peace officer would be justified in using if the warrant
were valid, unless the peace officer knows that the warrant is invalid.
Section 804.13 Use of force in preventing an escape.
A peace officer or other person who has an arrested person in custody is
justified in the use of such force to prevent the escape of the arrested person
from custody as the officer or other person would be justified in using if the
officer or other person were arresting such person.
V. PROCEDURES
DEADLY FORCE
A. Purpose of statement
1. To delineate the Department's policy regarding the use of deadly force.
2. To establish policies under which the use of deadly force is permissible.
B. Policy
1. Officers of the Iowa City Police Department may fire weapons to stop or
incapacitate an assailant to prevent serious bodily injury or death. For this
OPS-03.4
purpose and to minimize danger to innocent bystanders, the officer should
shoot at the center body mass, whenever possible.
2. An officer may use deadly force to protect him/herself or others from what
he/she reasonably believes to be an immediate threat of death or serious
injury.
3. An officer may use deadly force to effect the capture or prevent escape if:
a. the person used or threatened to use deadly force in committing a
felony, and
b. the peace officer reasonably believes the person would use deadly
force against a person unless immediately apprehended.
4. No distinction shall be made relative to the age of the intended target.
5. Warning shots by officers of the Iowa City Police Department are
prohibited.
6. A verbal warning shall be utilized prior to an officer discharging a weapon
unless it would compromise the safety of the officer or others.
7. Shooting at or from a moving vehicle is prohibited, except under the
following circumstances:
a. When the occupant of the vehicle is utilizing deadly force against the
police officer or other persons.
b. As a last resort to prevent death or serious injury to officers or other
persons.
c. As a last resort to apprehend a person who has just committed a
felony resulting in death or serious injury.
d. The discharge of firearms shall not be utilized when circumstances do
not provide a high probability of striking an intended target or when there:
is substantial risk to the safety of other persons, including the risk, -of
causing vehicle accidents.
C. Injuries resulting from Use of force. ^�
1. Officers shall render appropriate first aid to any person "injured-,
complaining of pain following the use of force.
ry
2. EMS will be summoned to the scene to ensure delivery of appropriate
medical treatment when:
a. Requested by the subject(s) involved.
b. The extent of an injury is unknown or not visible.
c. The nature or extent of the injury dictates.
Officers shall error on the side of caution, requesting EMS to respond to
the scene if in doubt about the existence or extent of an injury.
D. Surrender of firearm.
OPS-03.5
When officers or employees discharge a firearm that results in personal injury
or death to any person, the officer or employee shall surrender that firearm to
his/her supervisor or a higher authority consistent with departmental.
directives. Firearms involved in police shooting incidents shall not be
unloaded, cleaned, nor in any way altered from the condition immediately
following discharge other than to make the weapon safe for transport.
1. When more than one officer or weapon has been involved in a shooting
situation resulting in any injury or death, the involved weapons must be
surrendered to the commanding officer in accordance with departmental
directives.
2. The commanding officer receiving such firearm or firearms shall
immediately secure and document the same as evidence.
LESS LETHAL FORCE
A. Where deadly force is not authorized under this policy, officers should assess
the incident in order to determine which non -deadly technique will best de-
escalate the incident and bring it under control in a safe manner. Officers
shall use no more force than is reasonably necessary to gain control of an
individual or situation. Officers are authorized to use force consistent with the
Use of Force model.
B. Definition -Use of Force.
Use of force is any contact applied by an officer that significantly restricts or
alters the actions of another and/or compels compliance with the demands or
instructions of the officer. This includes the use of restraint devices such as
handcuffs.
Use of force by an officer is justified in, but not limited to, the followog
situations:
1. To protect the officer or others from physical harm.
2. To control an arrestee or a potentially violent person.
3. To restrain or subdue a resistant individual. y
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4. To bring an unlawful situation safely and effectively under control
C. Officers shall use no more force than the officer reasonably believes is
necessary to effect an arrest, defend any person from bodily harm while
making an arrest, or maintain the custody of an arrested individual.
OPS-03.6
D. Officers shall render appropriate first aid or ensure medical treatment is
provided to any person injured or complaining of pain following the use of
force.
NOTIFICATIONS
A. Any officer whose discharge of a firearm results in a serious injury or death
shall immediately contact his/her supervisor. If this is not practical, the officer
shall contact the on -duty patrol supervisor. The notified supervisor shall then
contact the following individuals:
1. The involved officer's division commander.
a. It shall be the Division Commander's responsibility to notify the Chief
of Police.
b. If the Division Commander cannot be notified, a watch supervisor shall
notify the Chief of Police.
2. The County Attorney of the county in which the incident occurred.
3. The City Attorney.
4. The City Manager. - i
5. The Criminal Investigation Commander or his/her designee. !
B. The on -duty watch supervisor shall be immediately notified or sj rnmoneO to
the scene of any incident where use of force results in a physical injury. '-1
REPORTING USE OF FORCE INCIDENTS
A. Discharge of Firearms -report required.
Any officer who discharges a firearm for any reason or purpose other than
those exceptions listed in this section, shall make a written report to his/her
immediate supervisor as soon as circumstances permit. This written report
will then be forwarded through the chain of command to the Chief of Police
for review. Exceptions to the requirement of a written report applies to the
following circumstances in which no accident or injury results:
1. The discharge of firearms on firearm ranges or in an area for firearms
practice.
2. Sporting events to include lawful hunting and organized shooting
matches.
B. When, in accordance with applicable law, it becomes necessary for an officer
to discharge a firearm to destroy an animal which presents a danger or is
OPS-03.7
seriously injured or ill, the officer will, prior to discharging the firearm, request
permission to do so from the on -duty supervisor. If such action must be
immediately taken in order to protect the officer's or another person's safety,
the officer need not delay action in order to request this permission. The
Watch Supervisor must be notified, however, immediately after the firearm is
used. A Use of Force report is required.
C. Review Committee
Use of force incidents shall be reviewed by a committee consisting of a
minimum of three sworn personnel. The committee shall consist of a Division
Commander, the Sergeant of Planning and Research and/or Training
Sergeant, and a third person designated by the Division Commander. This
group will, at a minimum, meet every two months to review the Use of Force
reports from the previous two months.
1. The purpose of this committee shall be to review all facts and reports
concerning use of force incidents for: appropriateness of force used, for
any training which may be necessary, and/or any need for policy changes.
This committee will make recommendations on these matters to the Chief
of Police.
All shooting incidents, with the exception of the destruction of animals,
shall be reviewed by a Division Commander and a committee made up of
five members of the department. This committee shall include a
Lieutenant, a Sergeant, and three officers.
2. The purpose of this committee will be to review all facts and reports
concerning shooting incidents (absent destruction of animals, such cases
being reviewed by the Use of Force Review committee) for
appropriateness of force used, for any training recommendations which
are necessary, and/or any need for policy changes. This committee will
make recommendations on these matters to the Chief of Police.
D. Reporting a Use of Force Incident.
1. A Use of Force report with a written narrative regarding any use of force
incident will be included with an incident report. The report(s) shall contain
the following information:
a. Arrestee/suspect information.
b. Incident number(s), date and time of incident, and reporting officer;
c. Description of actual resistance encountered.
d. All required fields completed in Use of Force report.
e. The force used by the officer to overcome the resistance and the e
specific weapon or technique used. ='
f. A description of any alleged or actual injuries to either the officer of
suspect.
g. Pictures taken of jain injuries to either the officer or suspect /
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OPS-03.8
2. When the only use of force is the application of handcuffs, double locked,
no use of force report is necessary. The application of handcuffs, double
locked will be documented on a written complaint or citation or in the body
of an incident report.
3. All reports concerning use of force shall be forwarded through the chain of
command to the Division Commander for review.
E. At a minimum, the Chief of Police and/or designee will review all reports and
incidents of force annually. A review of reports and incidents of force could
reveal patterns or trends that indicate training needs and/or policy
modifications.
INVESTIGATION OF USE OF FORCE RESULTING IN DEATH OR SERIOUS
INJURY
A. When any member of the police department is involved in an incident
resulting in death or serious injury, a thorough and objective investigation of
facts and circumstances will be initiated as soon as practical by the Chief of
Police's designees and completed as soon as practical.
B. The Chief of Police or his/her designee shall decide whether the DCI and/or
any other outside agency shall be called to assist in the investigation.
C. If an incident resulting in death or serious injury which involves4 sworntlowa
City police officer occurs in another police jurisdiction, the=officer -shall
cooperate with that jurisdiction, as set forth in Iowa City Police'Departrhent'
directives. i
D. The on -duty watch commander/supervisor shall ensure that appropriate case .�
reports are initiated and that potential evidence is preserved.
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E. The officer(s) involved in the death or serious injury may be relieved of field
duty without the loss of pay or benefits, pending the results of the
departmental investigation. Other officers involved in the incident also may
be relieved of field duty without loss of pay or benefits at the discretion of the
Chief of Police, while the investigation is pending:
1. The officer shall be available at all times for official interviews and
statements regarding the case, and shall be subject to recall to duty at
any time. The officer must receive permission from the Chief of Police, or
the Chief's representative, prior to leaving the metropolitan area. If such
permission is given, the officer shall supply phone number(s) of their
location and duration of their absence.
2. The officer will not discuss the case with anyone except the prosecuting
attorney and/or persons designated by the Chief of Police or their
designee. This does not prohibit the officer from discussions with their
OPS-03.9
attorney. The officer will attend post -traumatic stress counseling at the
discretion of the Chief of Police.
3. At the discretion of the Chief of Police, the officer may be returned to duty
upon departmental receipt of a letter from the counselor or mental health
professional indicating the officer's fitness for duty.
F. The investigation and administrative leave policy outlined herein is not
intended to imply or indicate the officer has acted improperly, but is designed
to safeguard the officer and the Department.
G. The Chief of Police may appoint one or more individuals to conduct a
separate yet parallel (administrative) investigation into a use of force incident
to ensure all personnel followed departmental policies and guidelines.
USE OF FORCE MODEL
A. Police officers are given the unique right to use force, even deadly force,
against others for legitimate law enforcement purposes. The right to use force
carries with it an obligation to use that force in a responsible manner. Police
agencies have an obligation to provide their employees with the policies,.
training, and tools necessary to accomplish their mission. Selection of a use
of force response from the options articulated in this model will be based on:
the skills, knowledge, and ability of the officer; the perceived threat and
amount of resistance offered by a subject; and consideration of the situational
framework. A defined Use of Force model will enhance the department's
ability to manage the use of force and will benefit the officer by providing
guidance, resources, and options.
B. Officers of the Iowa City Police Department shall follow the principles of the
Use of Force model. The model describes an escalation of force, which is
based on a reasonable officer's perception of threat or resistance. As a
subject's resistance escalates, more force options become available to the
officer. When resistance stops, the officer must de-escalate, but only after
control (e.g. handcuffing) is accomplished. Officers of the Iowa City Police
Department must generally employ the tools, tactics, and timing of force
utilization consistent with the Model's proscription and training protocols. Due
to the fact that officer/citizen confrontations occur in environments that are
potentially unpredictable, "tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving" (Graham v.
Connor, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 1872. (1989) the officer may utilize toffs, tactics,
and timing outside the parameters of the Model. However, these applicatiohs
of force must meet the same test of reasonableness as those which have
been previously identified and approved by the Department.
C. Reasonable officer's perception/Reasonable officer's response (see attackied
matrix)
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OPS-03.10
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R. J. yVinkelhake, Chief of Police
WARNING
This directive is for departmental use only and does not apply in any criminal'or civil
proceeding. The department policy, should not be construedas a creation of higher
legal standard of safety or care in an evidentiary sense with respect to ibird party
claims. Violations of this directive will only form the basis for 40p4itmeYita�'
administrative sanctions,
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Perception - Subject is compliant
Response - Cooperative controls
communications skills, handcuffing
arrest and transport controls)
OPS-03.11
LEVEL ONE
(includes: mental preparation, spatial positioning,
positions and techniques, searching techniques,
COOPERATIVE
•
'•
USE OF FORCE MODEL - FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
COMPLIANT LEVEL I
COOPERATIVE CONTROLS
MENTAL PREPARATION
>
>
>
PERCEPTION SKILLS
RISK ASSESSMENT
SURVIVAL ORIENTATION
SPATIAL POSITIONING
>
>
>
OFFICER STANCE
BODY LANGUAGE
RELATIVE POSITIONING
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
>
>
VERBAL
NON-VERBAL
HANDCUFFING POSITIONS
>
>
>
>
WALL
STANDING
PRONE
KNEELING
HANDCUFFING TECHNIQUE
>
CONTROLLED
SEARCHING TECHNIQUES
>
>
>
>
WALL
STANDING
PRONE
KNEELING
SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES
>
>
>
OPPOSITE SEX
FRISK
STRIP
ARREST TECHNIQUES
>
>
SINGLE OFFICER
MULTIPLE OFFICERS
ESCORT CONTROLS
TRANSPORT CONTROLS
>
>
>
>
SINGLE OFFICER
MULTIPLE OFFICERS -
SINGLE OFFICER
MULTIPLE OFFICERS ;
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OPS-03.12
LEVEL TWO
Perception - Subject is passively resistant
Response- Contact controls (includes: contact controls, conflict management
techniques, mass formation arrest techniques (multiple officer lifts, stretchers,
wheelchairs etc.)
USE OF FORCE MODEL - FUNCIONAL PROFILE
RESISTANT PASSIVE LEVEL II CONTACT CONTROLS
ENFORCEMENT ELECTIVES I
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES > SINGLE SUBJECT
> MULTIPLE SUBJECTS
> ARM
CONTACT CONTROLS > WRIST
> HAND
ARREST TECHNIQUES > MASS FORMATION > ESCORT TECHNIQUES
> TRANSPORT TECHNIQUES
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OPS-03.13
LEVEL THREE
Perception -Subject is actively resistant
Response - Compliance techniques (includes: neuro-muscular controls, joint
manipulation, nerve compression, chemical irritants, e.g. OC spray, controlled stopping
devices for fleeing vehicle incidents)
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OPS-03.14
LEVEL FOUR
Perception - Subject is assaultive and likely to cause bodily injury
Response- Defensive tactics (includes: personal weapon defense, e.g. hands; knees,
feet, active countermeasures, etc.; impact weapons, e.g. ASP, weapon retention
techniques)
USE OF FORCE MODEL - FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
ASSAULTIVE (BodilyHarm LEVEL IV
DEFENSIVE TACTICS
ENFORCEMENT ELECTIVES:
1, II, III
>
HEAD
PERSONAL WEAPON DEFENSES >
>
HANDS
ELBOWS
>
FEET
>
KNEES
IMPACT WEAPONS ASP >
STRIKES
LESS LETHAL WEAPONS >
>
IMPACT PROJECTILES
CANINE OPERATIONS
>
OTHER OPTIONS
WEAPON RETENTION TECHNIQUES (Less Lethal) >
FRONT
>
REAR
>
SIDE
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OPS-03.15
LEVEL FIVE
Perception - Subject is assaultive and likely to cause SERIOUS bodily injury or death
Response- Deadly force (includes: weapoNweapons attack defense, lethal force
utilization with servioetsupplemental weapons, forcible stopping techniques for assault
with vehicle incidents)
USE OF FORCE MODEL- FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
ASSAULTIVE LEVEL V DEADLY FORCE
Serious Bodily Harm/Death
ENFORCEMENT ELECTIVES; I, II, III & IV
> WEAPON
ATTACK DEFENSE > WEAPONLESS
> WEAPON RETENTION TECHNIQUES
> SERVICE WEAPON
LETHAL FORCE UTILIZATION > SUPPLEMENTAL WEAPON
> OTHER OPTIONS
OTHER OPTIONS: > CONTACT
FORCIBLE STOPPING TECHNIQUES > ROADBLOCK
S �
G.?
SER-04.1
(SPECIAL PURPOSE(
VEHICLES
Date of Issue General Order Number
SEPTEMBER 25 2000 00-06
Effective Date Section Code
SEPTEMBER 25 2000 SER-04
Reevaluation Date I Amends/Cancels
SEPTEMBER 2006 4103 NEW
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
41.1.4
INDEX AS:
v
Vehicle Operations Community Service Officers
Police Cyclist SRT -TI
Canine Bomb Threats -
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L PURPOSE _
The purpose of this policy is to identify operating criteria for special purpose vehidtes
owned and used by the department.
POLICY
SER-04.2
III. DEFINITIONS
Special purpose vehicle - The Iowa City Police Department designates the following
type vehicles as special purpose vehicles.
1. Canine Vehicles
2. Mobile Tactical Command Center
3. Community Service Officer Vehicles J >
--
4. Police Bicycles —
5. Property / Ordinance van
6. Prisoner Transport Van
IV. PROCEDURES
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Uniformed Operations
A. Canine Vehicle - Used to safely transport police canine and handler to and
from work related duties.
1. Canine officers assigned to the vehicle can authorize any member of the
department to operate the vehicle.
2. Operation of the Canine vehicle requires no special training.
3. In addition to being equipped as a marked patrol vehicle, the canine
vehicle shall:
a. Be modified for the safe transport of the canine.
b. Be equipped with a device for the handler to remotely release the
canine from the interior of the vehicle.
c. Contain equipment necessary for the handling and control of the
canine, as determined by the handler.
4. The canine officer is responsible for the normal upkeep and cleanliness of
the canine vehicle.
5. The vehicle shall receive routine maintenance as determined by the city's
vehicle maintenance department.
B. Mobile Tactical Command Center (MTCC) - Used at major incidents to
transport personnel, special equipment and communications equipment to
the scene. Also serves as command center for major incidents and incidents
involving the call out of the Special Response Team.
1. The Incident Commander may request the use of the MTCC at their
discretion. The use of the MTCC should be approved by the Watch
Commander or Commander of Field Operations or designee. Any sworn
personnel may operate the vehicle as directed by the incident
commander.
2. The MTCC requires no special training to operate, however the operator
needs to be familiar with operating large "top heavy" vehicles.
3. The MTCC may be equipped with emergency lights and siren and "police"
radio and Data Terminal. In addition the MTCC may be equipped with the
following:
A. Electrical Generator
SER-04.3
B. Tactical Equipment as determined by SRT command.
4. The SRT Commander or designee is responsible for the normal upkeep
and cleanliness of the MTCC.
5. The vehicle shall receive routine maintenance as determined by the city's
vehicle maintenance department.
C. Community Service Officer (CSO) Vehicles - Used by CSOs in the
performance of their assigned duties.
1. CSO vehicles may be operated by any member of the department.
2. The Operation of CSO vehicles requires no special training.
3. CSO vehicles are marked as Community Service Officer and are
equipped with emergency lights, police radio and Data Terminal. In
addition CSO vehicles shall be equipped with:
a. Equipment for capturing and securing animals.
b. Parking citations and vehicle impound forms.
c. Forms for taking basic reports.
d. Rack for carrying bicycles.
e. Other equipment as determined by the CSO.
4. CSOs are responsible for the normal upkeep and cleanliness -of CEO
vehicles.
5. CSO vehicles shall receive routine maintenance as determie€dbyiffie
city's vehicle maintenance department.
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D. Animal Control Vehicle - Used by Animal Control Officers in the performance
of their assigned duties.
1. Animal control vehicles may be used by animal control officers. On -duty
animal control officers may authorize other members of the department to
operate the vehicle. When animal control personnel are not on duty,
Watch Supervisors may authorize officers or CSOs to operate animal
control vehicles as needed.
2. The operation of animal control vehicles requires no special training.
3. Animal Control Vehicles are clearly marked as such and contain a police
radio. In addition, animal control vehicles may be equipped with:
a. Nooses, snares, or other equipment to capture at large animals.
b. Kennels or compartments to contain captured animals.
c. Tools and implements for clearing dead animals from the streets and
other public areas.
d. Other equipment as determined by animal control personnel.
4. The animal control supervisor is responsible for the general upkeep and
cleanliness of animal control vehicles.
5. Animal control vehicles shall receive routine maintenance as determined
by the city's vehicle maintenance department.
E. Police Bicycles - Used by specially trained officers for patrol purposes.
1. Police Bicycles may only be operated by officers who have successfully
completed a departmentally recognized Police Cyclist Training Course.
2. Police Bicycles will be marked as with the word POLICE.
3. The assigned officer shall be responsible for the general upkeep and
maintenance of the bicycle.
SER-04.4
4. The bicycle shall receive maintenance as needed.
5. The use of police bicycles may be authorized by watch supervisors for
situations where traditional vehicles are unable to enter, i.e. parades,
festivals, remote areas, or there is a community policing need that can
best be served by officers on bicycles.
F. Prisoner Transport / Holding Vehicle - May be used for the transporting of
prisoners or holding of prisoners until they are booked / processed at the jail
or other processing center.
1. The maintenance / care of this vehicle is the responsibility of the
Commander Field. Operations or designee.
2. No special license or training is required to operate the vehicle.
3. The transport of prisoners shall comply with departmental directives
relating to the transporting of prisoners.
4. Use of the vehicle shall be consistent with directives relating to the
vehicle.
5. Maintenance shall be as determined by the city's vehicle maintenance
department.
All persons operating a city vehicle SHALL have a valid Iowa Drivers License with all
applicable endorsements and compiling with all applicable restrictions.
R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police
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