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Iowa City Gateway
Supplemental Traffic Operations Analysis
March 25, 2014
This supplemental traffic analysis memorandum has been prepared at the request of the City of
Iowa City and the Metropolitan Planning Organization of Johnson County (MPOJC) staff. It is in
response to various questions regarding existing and future traffic operations within the Iowa
City Gateway project area. Specifically, Council has posed questions regarding operations at
the intersection of Dubuque Street and Park Road, including:
• Is it necessary to add a right turn lane to southbound Dubuque Street at the Park Road
intersection?
• How many dedicated left turns are needed for eastbound Park Road at the Dubuque
Street intersection?
• Would a dedicated left turn lane and a shared left/right turn lane suffice for eastbound
Park Road?
• How many westbound lanes should there be on the Park Road Bridge?
Analysis conducted previously during the NEPA study and a recent reexamination of existing
conditions indicates that a dedicated southbound right turn is necessary for Dubuque Street at
Park Road. Furthermore, analysis concludes that two dedicated left turns and one dedicated
right turn on eastbound Park Road at Dubuque Street is warranted today and in the future.
Lastly, maintaining the two westbound lanes to better accommodate vehicular traffic and the
existing Cambus service on the Park Road Bridge is recommended.
Please note that HNTB staff only analyzed intersection operations at Dubuque and Park Road
as part of this work. The current four-lane configuration on Dubuque Street is sufficient for
existing and projected future traffic volumes and added capacity was not an element of the
project’s purpose and need.
Methodology
This memorandum summarizes detailed Synchro analysis results of various traffic operations
modeling scenarios. Existing (year 2010) and future (year 2040) traffic operations were
reevaluated using Synchro 8 software. Synchro models vehicle movements with existing and
future year 2040 traffic volumes. Staff analysis involved scenarios utilizing existing and future
traffic volumes including:
• Operations on the existing Dubuque Street and Park Road lane configurations (No Build)
• Operations with a dedicated right turn lane on southbound Dubuque Street at Park Road
• Operations with a dedicated left turn and one shared left/right turn on eastbound Park
Road at Dubuque
• Operations with two dedicated left turn lanes and one right turn lane on eastbound Park
Road at Dubuque
• Operations with one westbound lane on Park Road and a scenario with two westbound
lanes.
The analysis utilizing Synchro provides an average delay per vehicle for each intersection
movement. A level of service (LOS) rating is assigned to the resulting average delay per vehicle
that is measured in seconds of delay. The criteria for level of service ratings is provided in
Chapters 18 and 19 of the Highway Capacity Manual, 2010. Levels of service range from A
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Traffic Operations at Dubuque and Park
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(free flowing traffic), to F (delays exceeding 80 seconds). The level of service criteria are as
follows:
Level of
Service
Control Delay (seconds/vehicle)
Signalized Unsignalized
A (best) Less than or equal
to 10
Less than or equal
to 10
B 10 -20 10 -15
C 20 -35 15 -25
D 35 -55 25 -35
E 55 -80 35 -50
F (worst) Greater than 80 Greater than 50
Ideally, a level of service of C is provided, but in an urban area, a level of service of D is
considered acceptable during peak traffic conditions.
Existing Operations (No Build)
As a basis of comparison to answer Council questions, staff reexamined traffic operations at
Dubuque Street and Park Road using the current lane configurations at the intersection.
Existing and future year operations were analyzed to determine if conditions warranted
modifications to the intersection. The analysis indicates that in both the existing and future
years, poor operations on southbound Dubuque Street in the morning and on eastbound Park
Road in the afternoon peak warrant examining modifications to the intersection.
Tables 1 through 4 show the existing and future no-build operations. Each table displays the
following for each movement in the intersection: volume of vehicles; delay in seconds, and; level
of service. At the bottom of each table, the overall intersection level of service and the average
intersection delay in seconds is provided.
Table 1: Existing AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Existing AM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 154 71 175 447 971 742
Movement Delay (Sec) 28.5 7.1 13.5 7.0 216.5 -
Movement LOS C A B A F -
Approach Delay (Sec) 21.7 8.8 216.5
Approach LOS C A F
Overall Intersection LOS: F
Average Intersection
Delay: 148.9
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Table 2: Existing PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Existing PM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 563 240 239 1088 653 177
Movement Delay (Sec) 241.2 6.1 16.7 10.2 23.9 -
Movement LOS F A B B C -
Approach Delay (Sec) 170.9 11.3 23.9
Approach LOS F B C
Overall Intersection LOS: E
Average
Intersection Delay: 58.2
Table 3: 2040 No-Build AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
No Build AM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 211 97 171 437 995 760
Movement Delay (Sec) 31.9 6.5 12.4 6.9 231.9 -
Movement LOS C A B A F -
Approach Delay (Sec) 23.9 8.5 231.9
Approach LOS C A F
Overall Intersection LOS: F
Average
Intersection Delay: 157.1
Table 4: 2040 No-Build PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
No Build PM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 743 317 239 1089 765 207
Movement Delay (Sec) 440.8 11.1 18.7 9.9 29.0 -
Movement LOS F B B A C -
Approach Delay (Sec) 312.4 11.5 29.0
Approach LOS F B C
Overall Intersection LOS: F
Average
Intersection Delay: 111.5
As displayed in the above tables, there are two key observations regarding existing and future
traffic operations are as follows:
• In the morning peak hour, the southbound Dubuque Street approach operates at a LOS
F. This is the case today with existing operations (216.5 seconds/vehicle) and in the
future no-build (231.9 seconds/vehicle) conditions.
• In the afternoon peak hour, the Park Road eastbound left turn movement operates at a
LOS F in existing (241.2 seconds/vehicle) and future no-build (440.8 seconds/vehicle)
conditions.
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During the morning peak hour, in both existing and future conditions, the entire intersection has
an LOS F because of how poorly the southbound approach performs. This makes the average
delay for the intersection a LOS F – with delays of 148.9 seconds/vehicle in the existing
scenario and 157.1 seconds/vehicle in 2040. For the afternoon peak hour period, delays on
eastbound Park Road cause the eastbound movement to fail today (LOS E, 58.2 second/vehicle
delay), and the entire intersection to fail in year 2040 (LOS F, 111.5 seconds/vehicle delay). It
should also be noted that the two westbound lanes on Park Road experience no operational
issues receiving existing or future year traffic.
Question 1: is the Southbound Dedicated Right Turn Lane Necessary?
As indicated previously, southbound Dubuque Street operates poorly during the morning peak
period in existing and future year conditions due to delays created by vehicles turning onto
westbound Park Road. To examine the issue, the intersection was examined first with the
existing configuration – one southbound through lane and a shared through/right turn lane –
then with two through lanes and a dedicated right turn lane added.
Scenario 1A: Dubuque Street Southbound Without Dedicated Right Turn
Scenario 1A examined operations without a southbound right turn lane for existing and future
traffic. Tables 5 and 6 display operations in existing and future conditions. The analysis
confirms that in the morning peak hour, delays are caused by vehicles traveling southbound
seeking to turn right onto Park Road. Without a dedicated right turn lane, right turning vehicles
must stop behind through traffic during a red signal. This prevents the right turn on red
movement by the southbound right turning vehicles. In both the existing and future year, the
delays on southbound Dubuque cause the intersection to fail (LOS F).
Table 5: Dubuque Street with no Southbound Right Turn
2010 AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 1A* AM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 154 71 175 447 971 742
Total Delay (Sec) 17.4 - 13.5 7.0 216.5 -
LOS B - B A F -
Approach Delay (Sec) 17.4 8.8 216.5
Approach LOS B A F
Overall Intersection LOS: F
Average
Intersection Delay: 148.5
* Scenario 1A includes one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane on WB Park
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Table 6: Dubuque Street with no Southbound Right Turn
2040 AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 1A* AM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 211 97 171 437 995 760
Total Delay (Sec) 19.7 - 12.4 6.9 231.9 -
LOS B - B A F -
Approach Delay (Sec) 19.7 8.5 231.9
Approach LOS B A F
Overall Intersection LOS: F
Average
Intersection Delay: 156.6
* Scenario 1A includes one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane on WB Park
Scenario 1B: Dubuque Street Southbound With A Dedicated Right Turn
Because of the poor operations without a southbound right turn, Scenario 1B was developed to
provide a dedicated southbound right turn lane and intersection operations were again
evaluated. It should be noted that in each case, the existing Park Road lane configurations
were utilized. A 275-foot right turn lane was added, as determined by the 95 th percentile queue
length (in this case a 273-foot queue).
When a dedicated, southbound right turn lane is added, operational performance of the
intersection in both the existing and year 2040 improves. As displayed in Tables 7 and 8, when
a dedicated right turn lane is added to southbound Dubuque Street, the delay for the
southbound approach decreases from 216.5 seconds/vehicle to 22.1 seconds/vehicle in existing
conditions. With the turn lane addition in future conditions, the southbound approach decreases
from 231.9 seconds/vehicle to 23.4 seconds/vehicle in delay. In each instance, overall
intersection performance improves from a level of service F to an expected level of service B.
Table 7: Dubuque Street with a Dedicated Southbound Right Turn Lane
2010 AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 1B* AM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 154 71 175 447 971 742
Movement Delay (Sec) 17.4 - 13.5 7.0 31.3 9.9
Movement LOS B - B A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 17.4 8.8 22.1
Approach LOS B A C
Overall Intersection LOS: B
Average
Intersection Delay: 18.4
* Scenario 1B includes Dubuque SB RT and one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane on
WB Park
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Table 8: Dubuque Street with a Southbound Dedicated Right Turn Lane
2040 AM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 1B* AM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 211 97 171 437 995 760
Movement Delay (Sec) 19.7 - 12.4 6.9 32.9 11.0
Movement LOS B - B A C B
Approach Delay (Sec) 19.7 8.5 23.4
Approach LOS B A C
Overall Intersection LOS: B
Average
Intersection Delay: 19.6
* Scenario 1B includes Dubuque SB RT and one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane WB Park
Question 2: How Many Dedicated Left Turn Lanes Does Eastbound Park Road Need?
With the identification of the need for an added right turn lane on southbound Dubuque Street,
attention turned to operations on the Park Road movements. As discussed previously,
eastbound Park Road performs poorly during the PM peak period for both the existing and
future year conditions. The large volume of vehicles trying to utilize one left turn lane on the
bridge causes delay. Typically, two left turn lanes are warranted at approximately 300 vehicles
in the peak hour. This movement currently has approximately 560 vehicles turning during the
peak hour and is forecasted to see 743 vehicles doing the same in 2040.
To examine how best to facilitate eastbound left turns and minimize delays, Staff requested the
examination of two scenarios. The scenarios include examining 1) a two-lane solution with
dedicated eastbound left turn lane and a shared left/right turn lane, and 2) a three-lane solution
with two dedicated left turn lanes and a dedicated right turn lane.
Scenario 2A: Two lanes eastbound – Dedicated left turn and shared left/right turn
Scenario 2A utilizes two lanes for eastbound Park Road – one dedicated left turn and one
shared left/right turn. Analysis indicates that in this scenario, the eastbound movement would
operate slightly better today, but would fail in year 2040. With the shared left/right turn
configuration, the eastbound left turn movement operates at a LOS E in existing conditions
(64.2 seconds/vehicle) and a LOS F in year 2040 (188.7 seconds/vehicle).The results for this
analysis are displayed in Tables 9 and 10 below. The net effect of the slightly improved
eastbound operations in the existing year condition improves the overall intersection operations
to LOS C. In the future year, the eastbound left turn movement fails, but not to the magnitude
previously, hence the overall intersection operations improve slightly to LOS E.
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Table 9: Park Road with Dedicated Left Turn and Shared Left/Right Turn
2010 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 2A* PM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 563 240 239 1088 653 177
Movement Delay (Sec) 64.2 - 10.1 10.2 21.8 3.9
Movement LOS E - B B C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 64.2 10.2 18.0
Approach LOS E B B
Overall Intersection LOS: C
Average
Intersection Delay: 27.0
* Scenario 2A includes Dubuque SB RT and one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane WB Park
Table 10: Park Road with Dedicated Left Turn and Shared Left/Right Turn
2040 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 2A* PM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 743 317 239 1088 765 207
Movement Delay (Sec) 188.7 - 12.6 9.9 23.6 3.8
Movement LOS F - B A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 188.7 10.4 19.4
Approach LOS F B B
Overall Intersection LOS: E
Average
Intersection Delay: 69.2
* Scenario 2A includes Dubuque SB RT and one LT and one shared LT/RT on EB Park and one lane WB Park
Scenario 2B: Three lanes eastbound Park – Two dedicated left turn lanes and dedicated right turn
Scenario 2A improved operations on the Park Road movement compared to the No Build, but
not to the extent desired. Therefore, Staff also examined a three-lane solution. This scenario
includes two eastbound dedicated left turns and one eastbound dedicated right turn. The results
of in this scenario indicate greatly improved operations for both the eastbound movement and
for the intersection as a whole.
These results of Scenario 2B are displayed in Tables 11 and 12 . If the eastbound approach
has three lanes then the eastbound left turn movement operates at LOS C in the existing
condition (33.9 seconds/vehicle) and LOS E in year 2040 (58.6 seconds/vehicle). The overall
performance of the intersection improves to LOS B and LOS C in the existing and future year
conditions, respectively.
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Table 11: Park Road with Two Dedicated Left Turn Lanes and Dedicated Right Turn Lane
2010 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 2B* PM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 563 240 239 1088 653 177
Total Delay (Sec) 33.9 6.1 9.7 9.9 21.8 3.9
LOS C A A A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 25.6 9.8 18.0
Approach LOS C A B
Overall Intersection LOS: B
Average
Intersection Delay: 16.4
* Scenario 2B includes Dubuque SB RT lane and two dedicated LT lanes and one RT lane on EB Park and
one lane on WB Park
Table 12: Park Road with Two Dedicated Left Turn Lanes and Dedicated Right Turn Lane
2040 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 2B* PM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 743 317 239 1088 765 207
Movement Delay (Sec) 58.6 6.4 12.6 9.9 23.6 3.8
Movement LOS E A B A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 43.0 10.4 19.4
Approach LOS D B B
Overall Intersection LOS: C
Average
Intersection Delay: 23.3
* Scenario 2B includes Dubuque SB RT lane and two dedicated LT lanes and one RT lane on EB Park and
one lane on WB Park
Question 3: How Many Westbound Lanes Should There be on the Park Road Bridge?
Analysis of the existing lane configuration indicates that the westbound lanes on the Park Road
Bridge operate well under capacity, both today and in the future. Although the lanes are under
capacity, there is an increased discomfort level for drivers traveling from northbound Dubuque
to westbound Park. Drivers turning left from northbound Dubuque into the westbound receiving
lanes are generally not comfortable making the turn at the same time as an opposing vehicle
traveling southbound making a right turn onto westbound Park Road.
Two scenarios were tested for westbound Park Road – Scenario 3A utilized one westbound
lane on Park Road and Scenario 3B utilized two westbound lanes. In both scenarios, eastbound
Park Road was configured with three lanes (2 left turns/1 right) and southbound Dubuque Street
was configured with two through lanes and a right turn lane.
Scenario 3A: One lane on westbound, three lanes eastbound Park Road
Scenario 3A has the same lane configuration as Scenario 2B. Scenario 2B tested and
demonstrated the need for two dedicated left turn lanes and a dedicated right turn lane on
eastbound Park and one westbound lane on Park Road. Both Scenario 2B and 3A include a
southbound right turn lane for Dubuque Street. As mentioned previously and displayed in
Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12 , Scenario 3A operates well in the morning and afternoon peak hours
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for both existing and future year traffic turning westbound onto Park Road. If this four-lane Park
Road Bridge scenario is considered further, moving the existing westbound Cambus stop to a
location between the west abutment of the Park Road Bridge and the entrance to Lower City
Park is recommended to prevent intermittent lane blockages during bus loading and unloading
operations. Additionally, an increased shy area on the bridge would be recommended to
provide greater driver comfort westbound on the bridge.
Scenario 3B: Two lanes on westbound Park Road
Scenario 3B includes two lanes on westbound Park, three lanes on eastbound and a right turn
lane on southbound Dubuque Street. This configuration would allow the westbound lane
Cambus stop to operate as it does today on the bridge. It also provides a greater comfort level
for northbound Dubuque Street drivers turning left and southbound drivers turning right.
However, as displayed in Tables 13 and 14 the operations of the individual movements and for
the overall intersection do not change from Scenario 3A, which utilized one westbound lane.
Table 13: Two Lanes Westbound and Three Lanes Eastbound on Park Road
2010 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 3B* PM 2010
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 563 240 239 1088 653 177
Movement Delay (Sec) 33.9 6.1 9.7 9.9 21.8 3.9
Movement LOS C A A A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 25.6 9.8 18.0
Approach LOS C A B
Overall Intersection LOS: B
Average
Intersection Delay: 16.4
* Scenario 3B includes Dubuque SB RT lane and two dedicated LT lanes and one RT lane on EB Park
Table 14: Two Lanes Westbound and Three Lanes Eastbound on Park Road
2040 PM Peak Hour Volumes, Delay and LOS
Scenario 5* PM 2040
Park Dubuque
EBL EBR NBL NBT SBT SBR
Traffic Volume 743 317 239 1088 765 207
Movement Delay (Sec) 58.6 6.4 12.6 9.9 23.6 3.8
Movement LOS E A B A C A
Approach Delay (Sec) 43.0 10.4 19.4
Approach LOS D B B
Overall Intersection LOS: C
Average
Intersection Delay: 23.3
* Scenario 3B includes Dubuque SB RT lane and two dedicated LT lanes and one RT lane on EB Park
Conclusions
In response to questions raised in recent City Council work sessions, staff reexamined the
previous traffic operations analysis conducted for the Iowa City Gateway project. This analysis
focused on operations at the intersection of Dubuque Street and Park Road at the Park Road
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Bridge. This work included developing scenarios designed to test the need of a southbound
right turn lane for Dubuque Street and various lane configurations for Park Road. The analysis
results lead to the following recommendations to Council questions as follows:
• Is it necessary to add a right turn lane to southbound Dubuque Street at the Park Road
intersection? Yes, analysis indicates a dedicated, 275-foot long right turn lane is needed
now and in the future to address existing issues with morning peak hour operations.
• How many dedicated left turns are needed for eastbound Park Road at the Dubuque
Street intersection? Three eastbound lanes on Park Road – two left turn lanes and one
right turn lane – are needed to improve PM peak hour operations today and to maintain
acceptable intersection operations in the future.
• Would a dedicated left turn lane and a shared left/right turn lane suffice for eastbound
Park Road? No, while overall intersection operations would improve slightly, this
configuration would cause the eastbound movement to continue to fail now and in the
future.
• How many westbound lanes should there be on the Park Road Bridge? While one
westbound lane could receive existing and future year westbound volumes without
issues, staff recommends keeping two westbound lanes. Two westbound lanes
maintains current capacity, provides more room for turning onto Park Road westbound
and will allow the Cambus to maintain its current stop location on the Park Road Bridge
which is closer to Mayflower.
If Council prefers a four-lane bridge, the lanes can be configured with three eastbound lanes
and one westbound lane. With this configuration, the Cambus stop would need to be moved to
the west, either at the west end of the bridge or at a location between the bridge and Lower City
Park entrance. Additionally, a three-lane bridge was examined and it degrades operations now
and in the future. It would cause the intersection to operate at an unacceptable level of service
today and would degrade further in future years and is not recommended.