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IA City NAI Final Report_reducedsize
City of Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan January 2018 Submitted to: The City of Iowa City, Iowa Submitted by: Applied Ecological Services, inc. CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN | i City of Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................1 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Natural Resources and Their Importance .............................................................................................4 1.1.1 Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................................................5 1.2 Reasons for a Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan ............................................................6 1.3 What is Ecological Restoration? ............................................................................................................6 1.4 Restoration and Management Stages and Approach ...........................................................................7 1.4.1 Restoration and Short-Term Management ..................................................................................7 1.4.2 Long-Term Management .............................................................................................................8 1.5 What Happens When Natural Resources Are Not Managed? ..............................................................8 2 Background, Vision, Principles & Goals ...........................................................................................9 2.1 Background ...........................................................................................................................................9 2.2 Vision Statement ...................................................................................................................................9 2.3 Planning Principles ................................................................................................................................9 2.4 Project Goals ........................................................................................................................................10 3 Data and Methods ............................................................................................................................12 3.1 Existing Data Review ............................................................................................................................12 3.2 Aerial Imagery ......................................................................................................................................12 3.3 Desktop Methods ................................................................................................................................15 3.4 Field Assessment Methods ..................................................................................................................15 4 City-Wide Ecological Conditions & Assessment ..............................................................................17 4.1 Regional Context ..................................................................................................................................17 4.2 Landforms, Soils and Water Features ..................................................................................................17 4.3 Land Cover and Vegetation ..................................................................................................................18 4.3.1 Natural Land Covers ...................................................................................................................21 4.3.2 Cultural Land Covers ..................................................................................................................43 4.4 Invasive Species ...................................................................................................................................47 4.5 Wildlife .................................................................................................................................................49 4.5.1 Species of Greatest Conservation Need .....................................................................................49 4.6 Rare Natural Features .........................................................................................................................50 4.6.1 Federally-Tracked Natural Features ............................................................................................50 4.6.2 State-Tracked Natural Features ..................................................................................................53 5 Ecological Restoration and Management Challenges and Considerations .................................55 5.1 Core Habitat, Edge Effects and Connections ........................................................................................55 5.2 Pests and Diseases ...............................................................................................................................57 5.3 Climate Change Implications for the City’s Natural Resources ............................................................57 6 Review of City Policies, Ordinances and STAR Goals ......................................................................59 6.1 STAR Community Rating System ..........................................................................................................59 6.2 Center for Watershed Protection Codes and Ordinance Worksheet...................................................59 7 Summary of Findings .......................................................................................................................61 7.1 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................61 7.2 Wildlife .................................................................................................................................................61 7.3 Water and Hydrology ...........................................................................................................................61 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN | ii 8 Ecosystem Model for Restoration and Management ....................................................................62 8.1 What is an Ecosystem Model and Why is it Useful? ............................................................................62 8.2 Conditions of the Distant Past (before the early 1800s) ......................................................................62 8.3 Recent Historical and Present Conditions (early 1800s to 2017) .........................................................63 8.4 Anticipated Future Conditions (2050 Without and With Intervention) ...............................................64 8.4.1 Without Intervention .................................................................................................................64 8.4.2 With Intervention .......................................................................................................................64 9 Ecological Restoration and Management in Iowa City .................................................................65 9.1 Proposed Native Plant Communities ...................................................................................................65 9.2 Species-Specific Goals ..........................................................................................................................65 10 Restoration and Management Tasks ..............................................................................................66 10.1 Remove Invasive Woody Vegetation ..................................................................................................66 10.2 Control Invasive Herbaceous Vegetation ...........................................................................................66 10.3 Install Herbaceous Vegetation ...........................................................................................................67 10.4 Install Woody Vegetation ...................................................................................................................67 10.5 Ecological Monitoring ........................................................................................................................67 10.6 Prescribed Burning .............................................................................................................................67 10.7 Convert Turf to Native Vegetation .....................................................................................................68 10.8 Streambank and Ravine Stabilization .................................................................................................68 11 Opportunities for Improved Connectivity ......................................................................................70 11.1 Potential Natural Area Connections ...................................................................................................70 11.2 Potential Waterway Connections ......................................................................................................70 12 Monitoring, Adaptive Management and Training .........................................................................71 12.1 Ecological Monitoring and Adaptive Management ............................................................................71 12.2 Specialized Training ............................................................................................................................71 13 Use of Volunteers for Monitoring or Management .....................................................................72 14 Restoration and Management Prioritization, Phasing and Costs ................................................73 14.1 City-wide Restoration and Management Priorities and Costs ...........................................................73 14.2 Site-scale Restoration, Management Units, Phasing and Costs .........................................................73 15 Perpetual Management ....................................................................................................................74 15.1 Perpetual Management Tasks ............................................................................................................75 15.2 Perpetual Management Schedule......................................................................................................75 16 City Policy and Ordinance Recommendations ................................................................................76 16.1 Recommendations for Improving the STAR Rating ............................................................................76 16.1.1 Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2) ...................................................................................76 16.1.2 Natural Resource Protection (NS-3) .........................................................................................78 16.2 Recommendations for Improving the Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet Score ..............79 16.2.1 Natural Area and Significant Tree Protection ...........................................................................80 16.2.2 Vegetation Management ..........................................................................................................81 16.2.3 Stream and Waterway Protection ............................................................................................81 17 Public Outreach & Interpretation ...................................................................................................83 17.1 Outreach Strategies ............................................................................................................................83 17.2 Interpretation Strategies ....................................................................................................................83 18 Staffing Recommendations and Funding Opportunities ................................................................84 18.1 Staffing Recommendations ................................................................................................................84 18.2 Funding Opportunities .......................................................................................................................84 19 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................86 20 References & Resources Consulted ..................................................................................................87 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN | iii Tables Table 1. Land Cover Classification .......................................................................................................................19 Table 2. Iowa City Parks and Natural Areas Land Cover ......................................................................................20 Table 3. Invasive species in Johnson County and Iowa City, Iowa. ......................................................................48 Table 4. Summary of Habitat Preferences of Species of Greatest Conservation Need Statewide by Habitat Class (Iowa DNR 2015) ..........................................................................................................50 Table 5. Federally-Listed Species Potentially Affected by Activities in Iowa City, Iowa. ......................................51 Table 6. High Quality Natural Communities in City Parks (adapted from Iowa DNR data) ..................................54 Table 7. Use of Volunteers for Different Management Tasks...............................................................................72 Table 8. Generalized Restoration and Management for a Given Project Area ....................................................74 Table 9. Generalized Ecological Restoration & Management Unit Costs .............................................................74 Table 10. Perpetual Management Schedule ........................................................................................................75 Figures Figure 1. Flight plan for collecting Iowa City aerial imagery showing flight paths along which photos were taken ...............................................................................................................................13 Figure 2. Landform regions of Iowa (Iowa DNR 2015). ........................................................................................17 Figure 3. Core (interior) habitats and edge habitats (Bentrup 2008) ..................................................................55 Figure 4. Edge effects from development and disturbance (Bentrup 2008). .....................................................56 Figure 5. Gradients of ecological connectivity (Bentrup 2008). ..........................................................................56 Exhibits Exhibit 1. Regional Context ..................................................................................................................................89 Exhibit 2. Landforms, Soils and Water Features ...................................................................................................90 Exhibit 3. Existing Land Cover of Parks and Natural Areas ...................................................................................91 Exhibit 4. Natural Areas in and Adjacent to Iowa City ..........................................................................................92 Exhibit 5. Pre-1800 Vegetation .............................................................................................................................93 Exhibit 6. 1930s Aerial Photograph ......................................................................................................................94 Exhibit 7. 2015 Aerial Photograph ........................................................................................................................95 Exhibit 8. City Natural Areas and Connections .....................................................................................................96 Appendices Appendix A. Glossary ..........................................................................................................................................98 Appendix B. Individual Site Management Briefs .................................................................................................99 Appendix C. Compiled Flora of Iowa City, including Invasive Species of Concern (in red) .................................444 Appendix D. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Identification and Description of Practices to Avoid the Introduction or Movement of Invasive Species ..........................................462 Appendix E. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) Report for Iowa City .......................................................................................................................464 Appendix F. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory State-Listed Species in Johnson County (Iowa DNR 2017b) ............476 Appendix G. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP) Scorecard for Iowa City .................................................480 Appendix H. Native Species Lists for Ecological Restoration and Enhancement of Iowa City Natural Areas .....495 Appendix I. City-wide Prioritization, Phasing and Costs of Natural Resources Management ..........................502 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN | iv Acknowledgments Applied Ecological Services gratefully acknowledges City of Iowa City staff, which directed and contributed to this Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan. City of Iowa City contributors include: Juli Seydell Johnson - Director of Parks & Recreation Brenda Nations - Sustainability Coordinator Zac Hall - Park Superintendent Ben Clark - Senior Civil Engineer Killian Laughead - Senior Engineering Technician Amanda Opitz - Recreation Program Supervisor/Customer Engagement Prepared for: City of Iowa City 410 E. Washington Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 319-356-5000 Prepared by: Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake MN 55372 952-447-1919 AES project 16-0777 Kim Alan Chapman, PhD Doug Mensing, MS Benjamin Staehlin, MS Susan Lehnhardt, BS, BA Will Overbeck, MS David Aslesen, BS Citation: Applied Ecological Services. 2018. City of Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan. Report for the City of Iowa City, IA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 1 Executive Summary Iowa City was founded on the natural resources in and around the Iowa River and its tributaries. Early American settlers recognized the value of the Iowa River for transportation and water power and the surrounding prairies as highly productive cropland. Over the decades, the City developed an extensive park system for both active and passive recreation. Iowa City has over 1,500 acres of parks and natural areas, harboring several high quality, large ecosystems characteristic of central Iowa. Natural areas in the parks represent the City’s best and most protected natural habitat. A natural area is land and water that exists in a natural condition, with human use largely limited to foot traffic. Natural areas vary greatly in size, the type of vegetation they contain, and the connections to other natural areas—connections that let many species survive in good numbers over time. These parks and natural areas are valuable to the community, providing important ecosystem services—those spontaneous benefits people gain from nature’s processes—such as water purification and regulation, soil building and maintenance, wildlife and fish production, and air purification. On the other hand, past land uses, erosion, and colonization by invasive species compromised the functions and value of the City’s natural areas and natural resources. This plan seeks to reverse that trend and improve the ecological health and resilience of the City (including meeting the City’s STAR Community goals) by laying out a program of ecological restoration and management for the next ten years. Iowa City’s park system contains about 430 acres of forest, 188 acres of prairie, and 79 acres of wetlands—as well as smaller areas of savanna, shrubland, and open water. This land and water supports recreation, serves stormwater management and wellhead protection, and achieves wetland mitigation. Iowa City is proud of its recent progress in managing natural areas. The City has invested about $8 million dollars to purchase, construct, and maintain these areas. Long-term planning, focused management, and additional funding are needed to control invasive species, conduct prescribed burns, and implement conservation practices that protect this investment and ensure the health and resilience of its natural areas for the long term. Only with a commitment to ongoing and long-term management will the cultural, economic and ecological benefits and attractiveness of these natural areas be ensured. This Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan (“Natural Areas Plan”) identifies locations owned or managed by the City that warrant management. It also specifies how best to restore and regularly manage these areas in order to preserve their ecological functions and increase biodiversity, which the STAR Community guidance recommends. Without this planning, together with adequate funding and a program of implementation, the City may not achieve its STAR goals for the environment and other conservation goals. A glossary of technical terms is found in Appendix A. This vision statement was developed specifically for Iowa City’s Natural Areas Plan. Iowa City recognizes the important role that natural areas play in an urban and suburban setting. The City’s natural areas are a boon for local residents, an enjoyable and interactive experience for families, children, and visitors, an outdoor classroom for students of all ages, and a home for a surprising variety of wildlife. Maintaining an equitable distribution of natural landscapes throughout the City ensures that current and future generations will continue to enjoy these resources. These renewed spaces will persist in supporting a strong and diverse economy, fostering healthy and active lifestyles, advancing environmental sustainability, and enhancing quality of life. These planning principles, developed by staff and consultants, will guide natural areas restoration and management in Iowa City. Overall • Protect the City’s sensitive natural resources in order to foster resilient and biodiverse natural areas within Iowa City • Understand the historical and current conditions of natural areas to describe a future ecological path for natural resources • Design within the limits of existing soil, hydrology, and vegetation conditions • Create attractive and resilient plant communities that can be managed economically • Tell the ecological story of the City to inspire people through its restoration • Bring people into the City’s natural areas while protecting biodiversity and ecosystem resilience EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 2 • Use indicators and monitoring to document trends in natural resources and determine the success of restoration and management efforts Vegetation • Protect and restore the City’s rare ecological land cover types to prevent their disappearance • Maintain and enhance common land cover types • Promote a natural variety of native flowering plants across the growing season • Control the invasive or aggressive native plants that reduce biodiversity and ecological resilience • Establish a vegetation structure that requires the least effort to maintain Wildlife • Protect, improve, and restore habitat for all wildlife • Create the largest, roundest habitats for area-sensitive wildlife species (round habitats tend to be higher quality because they resist negative edge effects from adjacent land uses) • Design to reduce wildlife-damaging edge effects from adjacent properties • Install special habitat features (nest boxes, etc.) • Identify and seek to make connections to similar habitat on nearby conservation lands Soil & Hydrology • Preserve stable soils and natural hydrology • Find solutions to eroding soils and damaged hydrology • Protect neighboring properties from water damage • Use vegetative stabilization and a natural ecosystems approach before resorting to more hard-armored and engineered solutions • Use a series of natural features (e.g., rain gardens, prairies, wetlands) to manage stormwater runoff from impervious cover, beginning with reducing runoff at its source • Design soil and hydrology solutions in the most cost-effective way possible Human Use • Separate minimum use sensitive natural areas from locations that can accommodate higher use • Make management easier by defining management units and access points • Detect problems early by monitoring trail and off-trail use • Recruit organizations, experts and volunteers to help maintain and monitor natural areas • Protect cultural resources This Natural Areas Plan focused on 42 City parks and natural areas selected by City staff and consultants. Existing reports, plans, and other information were gathered and reviewed. At the project onset in 2016, Applied Ecological Services, Inc. (AES) took high resolution, multi-spectral aerial imagery of the entire City. This increased the efficiency and accuracy of land cover mapping of natural areas; the imagery will be useful for other City purposes as well. With an intensive field effort in 2017, the consultants completed an inventory and quality assessment of all sites. To broadly characterize each site, land cover was mapped and plant communities documented in photos. Plant species were identified and given an abundance rating in each plant community at each site. Incidental wildlife observations also were made. The inventory and assessment confirmed that Iowa City supports regionally significant natural areas, uncommon native plants, and interesting animal species. All of the 42 sites, however, were affected by past incompatible land uses, invasive species, and suppression of surface fires, a natural disturbance that most of the City’s original plant communities required on a regular basis to maintain their integrity. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 3 The field of applied restoration ecology has developed techniques for addressing these issues and impacts. Removing invasive vegetation, planting diverse native species, and restoring natural disturbances, especially prescribed burning, are proven and effective ways to restore the ecological health of natural lands and waters. Landscape ecology and population biology have demonstrated that enlarging and connecting natural areas creates viable habitat for many species that disappear from small, isolated natural areas. Better quality and larger, more connected natural areas will increase the enjoyment by residents and visitors of the natural bounty and beauty in Iowa City’s parks. Brief management plans for each of the 42 sites—called “management briefs”—provide guidance for Iowa City staff, volunteers, and others to understand the restoration and management intentions for each site (Appendix B). Each management brief gives general site information, detailed plant lists and abundance by plant community, restoration and management recommendations, and opinions of probable cost to complete initial restoration and management work. Every City has competing financial priorities. Recognizing this, City staff and consultants developed a ten-year site priority and phasing plan for restoration and management work. The scenario described in this Natural Areas Plan assumes $100,000 is expended in the first year and slightly more for the following nine years, increasing 2 percent annually for inflation. One quarter of the budget is assumed to come from grants, with the City to provide $75,000 in its annual budget. Work begins with the largest, most important natural areas: Ryerson’s Woods, Hickory Hill, Kickers Soccer Park, Sand Prairie, Sycamore Greenway, Terry Trueblood, and Waterworks. The City can expand its effort to other areas with new funding sources, such as new REAP grants, and cost-saving strategies including partnerships and volunteers. Funding staff positions dedicated to natural area restoration and management can leverage additional restoration and management work by directing volunteers, writing grants, and doing the work itself. Executing this Natural Areas Plan and raising STAR scores for the environment will also require that the City revise its policy and ordinances to benefit natural areas, rare species, and ecosystem health. Committing to perpetual stewardship after the initial major restoration effort finishes is, of course, the most important first step the City can take to improve the health and resilience of its natural areas and secure their ecosystem services and recreational benefits for its residents. INTRODUCTION | 4 1 Introduction Iowa City’s park system contains approximately 430 acres of forest, 188 acres of prairie, and 79 acres of wetlands – plus additional acres of savanna, shrublands, and open water. These natural areas provide a variety of benefits, including recreation, stormwater management, wellhead protection, and wetland mitigation. Iowa City is proud of the progress made in natural areas management over the past decade. The City has invested approximately $8 million dollars to purchase, construct, and maintain these areas. Coordinated management, long-term planning, and additional funding are necessary to control invasive species, conduct prescribed burns, and implement other conservation practices to protect the City’s investments and ensure the health and resilience of its natural areas over the long term. Ongoing management is essential to maintaining the functional, economic, recreational, and aesthetic values of these natural areas. Qualified personnel are needed to oversee this effort. These individuals have a deep understanding of ecology and ecosystem processes, and extensive experience with prescribed burning and other management methods, invasive species identification and control practices, and native plant, animal and soil identification. While once abundant in Iowa, only a fraction remains of the original prairies, savannas, wet meadows, marshes, woodlands and forests. Actions taken now to implement the long-term management of natural areas in Iowa City not only secures these valuable resources for residents, but contributes to the protection and perpetuation of Iowa’s natural heritage. The purpose of this Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan (“Natural Areas Plan”) is to identify locations owned or managed by the City that warrant management, and specify how best to restore and regularly manage these areas in order to preserve their ecological function and maintain or increase biodiversity. The urban and suburban environment of many of the City’s natural areas poses a challenge that can nevertheless be overcome with good planning and proper management. In this way the City’s residents will ensure that past investments are protected and the future benefits of natural areas are secured. 1.1 Natural Resources and Their Importance The American settlers who came to Iowa City in the mid-1800s recognized the importance of the Iowa River for navigation and water power. Since that time the vast prairies on the surrounding high ground were converted to productive cropland, while the steep blufflands and stream valleys were used for grazing and a source of wood. The development of the city followed. Today Iowa City has protected 1,500 acres of what remains. These natural resources existed spontaneously before Americans arrived. Today we classify them as non-living (sunlight, air, water, metals, and minerals) and living (soil, vegetation, and animals). Sunlight and air are abundant, while fresh water and certain animal populations are not. Some, like endangered species, are quite rare. Although some natural resources are thought to be inexhaustible, most are limited and can be lost if over-used or managed poorly. Our society and other modern economies value natural resources for how useful they are (extrinsic value). These include timber, gravel, cropland soils, groundwater, and surface water. Some people believe that all species have a basic right to exist—they have intrinsic value. There is a large and growing body of ethical thought which grants humans and nature equal standing. Aldo Leopold—born in Burlington, Iowa—was a conservationist and the first professor of wildlife biology in the country. He promoted the idea of a land ethic, in which people saw themselves as part of the ecology and responsible for treating it well. He wrote in his best known book, A Sand County Almanac,: A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise. and We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect. The idea that nature has intrinsic value has been gaining support as people look for experiences in park natural areas, through travel, by visiting museums and zoo exhibits, or simply watching television programs about nature. INTRODUCTION | 5 It is also well known that most people want to live near parks and open space. Homeowners and businesses consistently rate proximity to a park as highly desirable, which typically generates higher demand for buildings near open space. Several studies have measured the effect of parks on property values and found a value increase. For example, a study from Michigan State University focused on Dallas, Texas, found that distance to and size of a park resulted in a price premium of up to two to three percent. Other researchers found that homes next to greenbelts in Austin, Texas saw an increase in value of six to twelve percent. In Minnesota’s Twin Cities, researchers summarized four property value studies and found that proximity to parks increased urban and suburban property values, except in suburbs where active recreational parks decreased property values. 1.1.1 Ecosystem Services Besides the economic value of the land itself, natural areas are vital to Iowa City residents for several reasons. Wetlands and forested areas along rivers and streams help reduce flood impacts, and prairies and forests absorb rainfall, reducing the amount of runoff and eroded sediment reaching City waters. Natural areas also absorb and store atmospheric carbon, helping the City’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gasses. Schools, organizations and families use many natural areas to learn about the natural world in an outdoor setting, especially important for young children who spend less and less time outdoors. The City’s quality of life is elevated by natural areas, which give citizens and visitors nearby opportunities to walk, bike, bird watch, or to simply sit still surrounded by greenery. Iowa City residents may not realize that natural areas provide these benefits, called “ecosystem services”. These services actually save people expenses over the long term (see the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). If people were to pay to clean the air and water, to build soil or regenerate forest trees and wild fish and game, the cost would be in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually for Johnson County alone. Building flood control infrastructure, or rebuilding after floods, would be much more expensive without floodplains and the natural capacity of watersheds to regulate the water moving through them. Ecosystem services include: Supporting (Natural Processes)Provisioning (Goods) • Photosynthesis to grow plants • Clean air • Nutrient cycling (carbon, phosphorus, etc.)• Fresh, clean water • Carbon sequestration in plants & soil • Fertile & productive soil • Soil formation • Food production • Erosion control by vegetation and soil biota • Forest products (lumber, paper pulp, etc.) • Air purification and oxygen production • Fuel production (biomass for energy) • Water purification • Game & fish production • Decomposition of waste • Biodiversity & wild genetic material • Detoxification of soil & water • Groundwater recharge Regulating • Disease and pest control • Climate stabilization • Pollination of crops and wild plants • Water volume and flow regulation • Seed dispersal for regeneration • Flood and drought regulation • Local shading and cooling (microclimate)• Disease and pest regulation • Blocking of harmful ultraviolet radiation • Hazard reduction People’s health and well-being benefit from natural resources, too. Research in the last twenty years has demonstrated a strong link between time spent in or near nature and better physical and mental health. Viewing nature out a window can improve test scores in school children or elevate moods in adults. Of course, people love to fish, hike, bike, ski, picnic, camp, and celebrate with family in natural areas. Sometimes just sitting still in nature can nourish the spirit and calm people. INTRODUCTION | 6 Iowa City’s character also emerges from its natural resources. They create a sense of place that attracts people and businesses and convinces them to remain in the area. They cause people to visit and spend time in Iowa City, or convince people and business here to remain. Ecosystem services not only support and enrich society and the economy, they are the foundation of a healthy environment. Ecosystem services can be conserved by protecting and managing Iowa City’s natural areas. 1.2 Reasons for a Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A story of loss is also a story of hope. It begins with recognizing that many of Iowa City’s natural resources have been lost, fragmented and degraded over the past 150 years. Rejuvenating natural processes such as fire, which shaped vegetation and wildlife for thousands of years, have been largely eliminated. Invasive species further challenge the goal of maintaining healthy ecosystems and natural resources. Nature has an amazing ability to recover from past injury and take care of itself in the long term. Some landowners know that management is needed to prevent deterioration or improve the quality of natural resources on their lands. Natural resource management is complicated and requires knowledge of ecological and hydrological systems and cycles, of the ways that climate is shifting, and the habits of plants and animals. When deciding how to manage natural resources, Iowa City should consider the following: • Main purpose for protecting and using the land • Current natural resource conditions • Issues and concerns about the natural resources • Adjacent land use that affects natural resources • Government policies and ordinances • Demographic changes that are affecting how natural resource are or could be used • Existing and future financial resources for restoring and managing natural resources Iowa City approved the development of this Natural Areas Plan in recognition of these factors and is committed to improving natural resource management on City-owned lands. This report represents a system-wide plan for natural areas that: • Presents the results of a system-wide natural areas inventory; • Describes in moderate detail the issues facing the City’s natural areas; • Specifies the vision, principles and goals for managing these natural areas; • Presents issues facing natural areas on system-wide and individual park basis; • Specifies management approaches and priorities to strategically implement ecological restoration and management throughout the City; and • Provides a phasing plan and annual cost estimate for carrying out the first ten years of the plan. This plan is a strong foundation for refining and expanding, if desired, natural resource management plans for individual parks and natural areas. Natural resource management plans can use information from this system plan as a framework to complete more detailed assessments, refine restoration and management recommendations, and develop more accurate cost estimates for implementation. Implementation of this City- wide plan and future detailed natural resource management plans will enhance biodiversity throughout the City, enhance human enjoyment of natural areas, and put natural areas on a trajectory towards long-term ecological health and resilience. 1.3 What is Ecological Restoration? Iowa City has engaged in several ecological restoration projects, chiefly prairies and herbaceous wetlands. Ecological restoration is the art and science of improving the health and resilience of natural environments by stabilizing and enhancing diversity and natural processes. Scientific understanding of ecologically healthy INTRODUCTION | 7 plant communities and ecosystems is used by restoration ecologists to describe current conditions and lay out a program to effect positive changes. Species in decline or uncommon, species that need high quality or large habitats, and species that respond poorly to intensive human use all benefit from this approach. Iowa’s Wildlife Action Plan suggests that up to half of all species in some animal groups need active management to prevent further declines. Moreover, people benefit from the improved functioning of ecosystems, from the large scale to the personal. A glossary of technical terms is found in Appendix A. 1.4 Restoration and Management Stages and Approach The focus of ecological restoration is to create healthy and sustainable ecosystems, often in the context of a developed or disturbed landscape. The composition, structure, and function of restored ecosystems are similar to that of native ecosystems. As a result, a moderate level of management is necessary to maintain these ecosystems in perpetuity. Restored ecosystems are recognizable by a diversity of native plant and animal species and an increase in functionality and resilience. This plan will guide the restoration and management of plant communities native to the region. However, changes in the larger landscape and in local conditions often prevent the full re-creation of natural conditions from 150 years ago. Those historical conditions provide insight into what natural conditions are possible at a given site, and no more. More importantly, the goals of a project area will dictate the level of effort expended and the eventual condition of the ecosystems. Not all City natural areas will be restored to exceptional native plant communities, but all will be restored and managed to meet City goals. As more healthy and sustainable ecosystems are restored, ecological functioning, wildlife populations, and human enjoyment will be enhanced. Restoration and management plans need to be flexible. Restoration programs experience variability in implementation due to the timing of funding, adjustments due to the response of the ecosystems to restoration work, and changing management needs. At times, programs need to respond to new scientific data and insights. For these reasons, the restoration and management briefs included in this plan (Appendix B) should be viewed as a starting point in a process of restoring the biodiversity and natural processes to the City’s natural areas. This plan should guide major restoration and management efforts and projects. As more detailed data are gathered, it is expected that restoration and management activities will be refined. The most successful restoration programs use regular monitoring and reporting as feedback on the program’s effectiveness. Monitoring also generates information to justify changes in the restoration and management program. Adaptive management (a cycle of implementation, monitoring, evaluation, adjustment, and implementation) is central to the best restoration programs and should begin with the initial restoration work and continue indefinitely as part of the stewardship of the project area. Mutual benefit can be gained from engaging “citizen scientists” as well as universities and schools to assist with observations, data collection, and analysis, whereby the site becomes a “living lab” for research and study as well as public education and engagement. Some types of monitoring require a higher level of expertise, training, or oversight. 1.4.1 Restoration and Short-Term Management Ecological restoration has short- and long-term management phases. The initial short-term, or “establishment” or “restoration” phase is the most time-consuming and costly. Usually lasting three to five years, a significant effort is needed to prepare and begin establishing the proposed native plant diversity types and ages for different management units. Tasks often include selective woody plant removal, controlling invasive species with herbicide, soil preparation, seeding and planting native species, re-establishing natural hydrological cycles in aquatic systems, re-introducing fire regimes in fire-dependent systems, and using bio-control techniques for invasive species management when available. The length of time before moving from short-term to long-term management depends on many factors including the site’s initial quality and other issues, weather conditions, how the site responds, size, and other complexities of the area. “Enhancement” is a management term used to describe activities where minimal-to-moderate effort and cost is required to improve the resource. Adding more native flower species into a reconstructed prairie, or removing box elder from an oak forest, or planting native shrubs are examples of enhancements. INTRODUCTION | 8 1.4.2 Long-Term Management After short-term restoration and management goals are achieved in a project area, the process shifts to a lower-cost, but equally important, long-term (or perpetual) “maintenance regime.” Without a commitment to long-term management, it is likely that short-term restoration investments will be wasted. Scheduling and budgeting for long-term management each year will protect the investment already made, and ensure that the plant community and wildlife continue on a trajectory toward greater ecological health. Typical long-term management tasks include spot-herbiciding of invasive plants, re-seeding disturbed or poorly developing areas, re-planting woody plants that have died, and maintaining appropriate ecosystem disturbances to perpetuate a diverse and resilient plant community. Most ecosystems need some type of disturbance that removes dead plant material, regenerates many plant species, and opens up new habitats for plants and animals to perpetuate themselves or to maintain diversity. Controlled burns in fire-dependent communities (prairies, savannas, wetlands, and some woodlands), which mimic wildfire, are a common tool to achieve this objective. Harvesting hay from prairies, which mimics grazing, can also be effective. One-hundred fifty years ago, the vast majority of Iowa City was frequented by fires, and the plants and animals were adapted to those conditions. 1.5 What Happens When Natural Resources Are Not Managed? Some people do not understand that natural resources need to be managed. After all, nature has been around a very long time and can take care of itself, it is thought. Others think that more important issues and problems face us and that managing natural resources does not merit the use of limited staff and financial resources. While these are valid perspectives, they are not the whole story. Studies over the last half century clearly demonstrate that, without management, natural resources change in ways that are not always beneficial to people or supportive of ecosystem services (Alstad et al. 2016, Le Maitre et al. 1996, Leach and Givnish 1996). A common problem in many unmanaged forests and woodlands of Iowa City is invasion by non-native honeysuckle. When these non-native shrubs invade natural areas, a cascade of negative effects occurs. Oak regeneration is suppressed, native shrubs decline, ground vegetation is shaded, leading to the loss of soil-anchoring plants and increasing erosion. Flower resources for pollinators are eliminated, reducing the amount and variety of food for other wildlife and depressing wildlife populations. Large and ecologically complex regions may resist these negative trends, but natural resource quality generally declines over time without proper management. This is especially true in small and scattered natural areas, which is the situation in Iowa City. With some level of consistent management the situation can be stabilized and even improved. For example, removing invasive honeysuckle from slopes in woodlands preserves the soil and seedbank, and prevents sediment from reaching water bodies. This Natural Areas Plan identifies and prioritizes the management actions which the City can implement to improve the health and resilience of its natural areas and the ecosystem services and recreational benefits therein. BACKGROUND, VISION, PRINCIPLES & GOALS | 9 2 Background, Vision, Principles & Goals 2.1 Background Iowa City has a long history of providing its residents and visitors with a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities, from parks for ball games and celebrations to natural areas for walking and running. The City’s sustainability initiatives and recognition of the value of healthy ecosystems led to the City’s decision to improve natural resources on City-owned land. This Natural Areas Plan will facilitate strategic investments in restoration and management and help achieve the City’s natural areas and sustainability goals. 2.2 Vision Statement Vision statements are created to convey aspirational goals for a specific endeavor. The following vision statement was developed specifically for Iowa City’s Natural Areas Plan. Iowa City recognizes the important role that natural areas play in an urban and suburban setting. The City’s natural areas are a boon for local residents, an enjoyable and interactive experience for families, children, and visitors, an outdoor classroom for students of all ages, and a home for a surprising variety of wildlife. Maintaining an equitable distribution of natural landscapes throughout the City ensures that current and future generations will continue to enjoy these resources. These renewed spaces will persist in supporting a strong and diverse economy, fostering healthy and active lifestyles, advancing environmental sustainability, and enhancing quality of life. 2.3 Planning Principles Planning principles are guideposts, used to define how a project should unfold. Based on City goals and discussions with staff, these planning principles were established for natural areas restoration and management in Iowa City. Overall • Protect the City’s sensitive natural resources in order to foster resilient and biodiverse natural areas within Iowa City • Understand the historical and current conditions of natural areas to describe a future ecological path for natural resources • Design within the limits of existing soil, hydrology, and vegetation conditions • Create attractive and resilient plant communities that can be managed economically • Tell the ecological story of the City to inspire people through its restoration • Bring people into the City’s natural areas while protecting biodiversity and ecosystem resilience • Use indicators and monitoring to document trends in natural resources and determine the success of restoration and management efforts Vegetation • Protect and restore the City’s rare ecological land cover types to prevent their disappearance • Maintain and enhance common land cover types • Promote a natural variety of native flowering plants across the growing season • Control the invasive or aggressive native plants that reduce biodiversity and ecological resilience • Establish a vegetation structure that requires the least effort to maintain BACKGROUND, VISION, PRINCIPLES & GOALS | 10 Wildlife • Protect, improve, and restore habitat for all wildlife • Create the largest, roundest habitats for area-sensitive wildlife species (round habitats tend to be higher quality because they resist negative edge effects from adjacent land uses) • Design to reduce wildlife-damaging edge effects from adjacent properties • Install special habitat features (nest boxes, etc.) • Identify and seek to make connections to similar habitat on nearby conservation lands Soil & Hydrology • Preserve stable soils and natural hydrology • Find solutions to eroding soils and damaged hydrology • Protect neighboring properties from water damage • Use vegetative stabilization and a natural ecosystems approach before resorting to more hard-armored and engineered solutions • Use a series of natural features (e.g., rain gardens, prairies, wetlands) to manage stormwater runoff from impervious cover, beginning with reducing runoff at its source • Design soil and hydrology solutions in the most cost-effective way possible Human Use • Separate minimum use sensitive natural areas from locations that can accommodate higher use • Make management easier by defining management units and access points • Detect problems early by monitoring trail and off-trail use • Recruit organizations, experts and volunteers to help maintain and monitor natural areas • Protect cultural resources 2.4 Project Goals Based on the City’s request for proposals, consultation with AES, and the development of the project Vision and Principles, the following goals and deliverables were identified for this Natural Areas Plan. • A graphical/illustrative 10-year management plan for 42 City-owned natural areas that helps protect functional, economic, recreational and aesthetic values • High-resolution, multi-spectral aerial imagery • Natural areas inventory, including field assessment of each natural area’s current conditions, native and invasive species lists, issues/concerns, rare natural features, human uses, and GPS coordinates of pertinent features • Geographic information system database of all City-owned natural areas and collected data • Recommendations for maintenance and enhancements (minimum/basic level and preferred level of maintenance) • Metrics to show progress toward STAR Community Goals (especially Invasive Species and Natural Resource Protection) • Identification of adjacent/nearby areas for improved ecological value and connectivity • Review and recommendations regarding related City policies and ordinances • Detailed tasks and priorities in the form of a 10-year management plan BACKGROUND, VISION, PRINCIPLES & GOALS | 11 • Cost estimate for recommended tasks • 12 meetings with Steering Committee • Presentations to Iowa City Parks Commission (draft report) and Iowa City Council meeting (final report) • Fifteen (15) bound copies of final report • Final Natural Areas Inventory Map (poster) DATA AND METHODS | 12 3 Data and Methods 3.1 Existing Data Review To assess the City’s regional context, existing ecological conditions, management opportunities, and constraints on City-owned natural areas, AES reviewed previous studies and other existing data including, but not limited to: Natural Resource-Related Data • Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment (City of Iowa City 2016) • STAR (Sustainability Tools for Assessing and Rating Communities) Certification Results Report (STAR Community Rating 2016) • Iowa City - City Code (http://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_id=953) • Numerous park and natural area-specific studies, including mitigation monitoring reports, planting/ seeding lists, and prescribed burn plans (see Appendix B, Management Briefs for site-specific data listings) • Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR) “Landform Regions of Iowa” (Iowa DNR 2016a) • Ecoregions of Iowa and Missouri (Chapman et al. 2002) • Landforms of Iowa (Iowa DNR 2015) • Iowa DNR Indiana bat guidelines (Iowa DNR, no date) • Known Northern Long-eared Bat Hibernacula and Roost Trees in Iowa (USFWS 2016a) • Final 4(d) Rule for the Northern Long-Eared Bat (USFWS 2016b) • Northern Long-Eared Bat Final 4(d) Rule, White-Nose Syndrome Zone Around WNS/Pd Positive Counties/ Districts (USFWS 2017) • Securing a Future for Fish and Wildlife: A Conservation Legacy for Iowans (Iowa DNR 2015) AES also compiled and reviewed existing City geographic information system and other digital mapping data including: • Iowa City limits • Iowa City park and natural area boundaries • Elevation data from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) • U.S. Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation Service digital soils data • U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) • National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) • Aerial photography (historical and 2016 flight by AES, true-color and infra-red) • Original Vegetation of Iowa (General Land Office mapping) • Geologic mapping • Hydrography data • Iowa DNR Natural Heritage Information System rare features data and reported high quality communities (Iowa DNR 2017b) 3.2 Aerial Imagery Aerial imagery is a powerful tool for inventorying and managing natural resources, as well as documenting and monitoring City infrastructure. For this project, vegetation community mapping and identification of invasive woody shrubs was the chief interest. Some invasive plants can be seen on aerial imagery on the basis of their life history patterns. For example, invasive honeysuckle, buckthorn, and multiflora rose tend to retain green DATA AND METHODS | 13 leaves into late fall. Areas of these invasive shrubs, from photographs taken in the late fall, show up as reddish in color infrared imagery. AES was directed by Iowa City to collect high resolution, multi-spectral aerial imagery of the entire city. Using a Leica RCD 30 multi-spectral digital camera, this imagery was collected on November 10, 2016. An airplane with the camera mounted in its belly flew multiple flight lines across Iowa City, taking pictures at regular intervals and covering the entire City with aerial imagery (Figure 1). Four different light wavelengths were captured by the camera: infrared, red, green and blue (IR RGB). Figure 1. Flight plan for collecting Iowa City aerial imagery showing flight paths along which photos were taken. The camera resolution was 6 inches on the ground, also known as ground sample distance (GSD). The captured imagery was processed into a digital image file that contains both the natural RGB color and infrared bands. Combining these four spectra in different ways allows the user to represent the data in different ways for different purposes. For this natural areas inventory, the imagery provided an up-to-date and accurate representation of the ecological landscape of the City’s parkland for AES field ecologists to inspect before and while visiting the sites. The imagery was used to map plant communities, identify invasive woody plants, and provide high-resolution imagery to compare with future imagery. In addition, the imagery can be used to inventory urban trees, document stream conditions, and assess infrastructure condition. Example imagery from a location in Iowa City is shown in the following images. DATA AND METHODS | 14 Natural color image: colors appear as they do to the human eye. Infrared color image: colors represent the infrared spectrum, showing areas in red where vegetation is actively growing. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): this method of data presentation shows a gradient of “greenness” in which impervious cover is red. DATA AND METHODS | 15 For more information on aerial imagery, see: • Infrared imagery: http://www.aerialarchives.com/infraredcolors.htm • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): https://phenology.cr.usgs.gov/ndvi_foundation.php • Using aerial imagery for invasive species management: https://www.fs.fed.us/eng/rsac/invasivespecies/ 3.3 Desktop Methods As a platform for developing and managing Iowa City’s natural area vegetation data, AES built an ArcGISTM geodatabase. (A geodatabase is a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file system folder or database.) Developing the geodatabase began with compilation of existing geospatial data, including City buildings; impervious surfaces; existing natural resource data layers such as elevation contours and wetlands mapping; historical aerial photographs; and the high-resolution multi-spectral aerial imagery collected by AES in fall 2016. Using these data, major land cover types were digitized (i.e., outlined) in the geographic information system. A powerful feature of a geographic information system is that multiple characteristics or “attributes” can be assigned to each area or “polygon.” A land cover classification system appropriate for Iowa City natural areas management was developed and approved by the City, and preliminary land cover types were assigned to polygons of different plant communities in each park and natural area, to be confirmed later in the field. Using geographic information system data layers and other sources, a variety of quality assurance/quality control procedures were followed to ensure initial vegetation mapping was as accurate as possible. This entailed making visual, on-screen comparisons among geographic information system datasets. The digitized land cover polygons were compared to recent aerial imagery, elevation contours, and other datasets. Edits to polygon geometry and attribute codes were made as warranted. This desktop mapping was used to create maps for use in the field assessment. A comprehensive plant species list for Iowa City was compiled from previously published work in Iowa City and the surrounding area (Appendix C). The list was updated to reflect current species nomenclature (with the U.S. Department of Agriculture “Plants” website serving as guidance for the standard names accepted by federal agencies) and nomenclature used commonly in the region. The species list was later expanded to include plant species observed by AES in its field assessment that were missing from the original compilation. Not all species in Appendix C were observed by AES during its assessment. 3.4 Field Assessment Methods In April, June and July 2017, AES ecologists conducted field inventories and assessments of 42 parks and natural areas in Iowa City. Field maps were used to verify and refine plant community classifications and plant community boundaries, and to assign a quality rank conveying the area’s ecological quality. Quality ranks consider a variety of ecological criteria: • Diversity of native species • Level of disturbance • Presence of invasive species • Structural and spatial diversity (i.e., vegetation layers and plant variety across the natural area) • Connectivity with other plant communities versus to turf or active use park areas • Degree of erosion due to processes such as excessive runoff or foot traffic • Other negative management or use effects observed All of these criteria were considered for each plant community assessed in Iowa City, but quality ranks were most influenced by the abundance of invasive plant species. Using the criteria above, quality ranks were defined as follows: DATA AND METHODS | 16 • A = High quality natural community. No damaging disturbances evident and natural processes are intact. • B = Good quality natural community. Natural processes are intact, but signs of past human impacts are evident. Low levels of invasive plants are present. • C = Moderate condition natural community. Obvious past disturbance evident, but still clearly recognizable as a native plant community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. • D = Poor condition natural community. Includes some native plants, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is obviously disturbed or altered throughout. • NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Often, a mapped plant community may be heterogeneous with different areas having characteristics of more than one quality rank. For instance, a moderate quality forest (C rank) may have large, dense patches of invasive buckthorn (justifying a D rank). In this case, the rank assigned to this single plant community is CD. Species lists were recorded for each unique plant community type present at each of the 42 sites surveyed and a categorical cover class (based on percent cover) was assigned for each species in that community. Invasive species were noted, both by cover class and general distribution within the plant community. Species lists were generated by a random walk and were not intended to be comprehensive but strove to capture the dominant species in three structural layers: canopy, shrub/vine/sapling, and herbaceous. Notable/representative species were also recorded to support plant community classifications. Digital photography (georeferenced, using Collector for ArcGIS and ArcGIS Online) was used to document representative plant communities, discrete concentrations of invasive vegetation, erosion features, and other notable aspects of the City’s natural areas. Desktop refinement of geographic information system data was conducted after field inventory and assessment, resulting in detailed land cover maps of each site (included in Appendix B). CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 17 4 City-Wide Ecological Conditions & Assessment 4.1 Regional Context Iowa City is located in the east-central portion of the state in Johnson County (Exhibit 1). The City’s 16,588 acres contain a mix of urban land uses (including commercial and moderate-density residential in the central portion of the City) and low-density residential and agricultural land closer to the city limits. The cities of Coralville and North Liberty lie just northwest of Iowa City, and Cedar Rapids is approximately 20 miles north-northwest of the City. The Iowa River flows south through the center of Iowa City. Large natural areas in the vicinity of Iowa City are Lake Macbride State Park (approximately 7 miles north) and Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area (approximately 10 miles northwest). 4.2 Landforms, Soils and Water Features Iowa City exhibits a variety of landforms due to the glacial and geologic history of the region (Exhibit 2). These “landform regions” are defined by their internally distinctive geology, soils, slopes and elevations (Figure 2). Figure 2. Landform regions of Iowa (Iowa DNR 2015). Iowa City spans two landforms: the Southern Iowa Drift Plain and the Iowa-Cedar Lowland. The former covers most of the City and the latter is primarily along the Iowa River in the southern part of Iowa City. The Southern Iowa Drift Plain is a tallgrass prairie region, part of the great Midwestern Corn Belt. It is almost entirely glacial drift from Pre-Illinoisan glaciers over 1 million years ago. The glacial drift is a few to several hundred meters thick. Because the drift is so old, streams have eroded the land and formed well-defined, regularly-branching drainages. Hilltops are at a similar elevation at about the land surface deposited by glaciers. After the glaciers retreated, wind-blown fine sediment called loess fell on the landscape to a depth of 2 to 10 meters. Around 10,000-13,000 years ago, large rivers like the Iowa had glaciers in their headwaters. As the CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 18 Wisconsinan ice sheet melted, the vast quantity of flowing water created the width and depth of the rivers. In many places the rivers cut through the glacial drift into the underlying sedimentary bedrock. The rough wooded terrain of the valley bluffline is scenic, provides important wildlife habitat, and is where many recreational areas were established. The Iowa-Cedar Lowland occupies the wide floodplain at the confluence of the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It was first formed during the Illinoian glacial period, then later shaped by water and wind in the Wisconsinin glaciations 13,000 years ago. Thick deposits of silt and sand lie nearest the rivers, while older terraces and benches near the bluffs are covered by ancient sand dunes and loess—a fine clayey sediment carried from glacial river valleys to the west. Based on these landforms, Iowa City contains a complex mosaic of upland and lowland soil types. A custom Web Soil Survey report prepared for the entire City (USDA/NRCS 2017) shows that the most extensive soil types are fine-textured silt loams: • Fayette silt loam and silty clay loam (2 to 40 percent slopes), • Downs silt loam (2 to 14 percent slopes), and • Tama silt loam (2 to 14 percent slopes). The primary flowing (lotic) water features in the City are the Iowa River (flowing generally south) and its tributaries Ralston Creek, Willow Creek, and Snyder Creek. The primary non-flowing (lentic) waters in the City’s parks and natural areas are the constructed lake at Terry Trueblood Recreation Area and ponds/wetlands at Waterworks Prairie Park and Sycamore Greenway. Exhibit 2 illustrates these water features in relation to the City and its parks and natural areas. Stormwater runoff is a major issue for Iowa City (and most developed communities). Extensive cover by impervious surfaces of rooftops and pavement, and the conversion of natural vegetation to cropland, has accelerated runoff from the land. This overloads the capacity of streams to carry water and leads to erosion and pollution of streams, lakes, ponds and wetlands. In the City proper, bank erosion is occurring along the Iowa River and its tributaries due to uncontrolled upstream runoff. A large percentage of the sediment in Midwestern streams is due to collapsing riverbanks (see, for example, Sekely et al. 2009; Belmont et al. 2011). Likewise, some of the City’s ponds and wetlands are negatively affected by insufficient stormwater management; this causes water levels to rise and fall dramatically, reducing vegetation cover and eroding banks, and carries nutrients and contaminants into the water. The issue of policies to address runoff is discussed in greater detail in Sections 6 and 16. 4.3 Land Cover and Vegetation A land cover classification system was developed in collaboration with City staff for ease of use in natural areas management. Each plant community type (described in detail below the following tables), is useful for prescribing vegetation management, but not overly detailed and cumbersome for staff working in the field. By using this classification, City staff managing natural areas can talk more precisely about natural areas among themselves and with residents, volunteers, and stakeholders. The land cover classification (Table 1) is hierarchical, with each level indented according to level of organization. For instance, at the first level, natural land covers are separated from cultural land covers (those that are altered or regularly maintained). Next, upland communities with relatively dry soil are separated from lowland communities with typically wet or inundated soil. At the third level, the dominant form of the vegetation separates types. At subsequent levels additional information is brought into the classification, such as the dominant plant species. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 19 Table 1. Land Cover Classification NATURAL LAND COVERS DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS Upland Plant Communities High, dry ground Forest/Woodland 50-100% tree canopy Mature Forest/Woodland Large trees 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Often oaks 2. Mesic Forest Often maples 3. Altered Forest/Woodland Often box elder, green ash Savanna/Brushland 5-50% tree canopy 4. Savanna Tree dominated 5. Shrub/Scrub Shrub dominated Grassland <5% tree canopy 6. Prairie Native plants dominate 7. Non-Native Grassland Little native plant cover Lowland Communities Low areas, including wetlands 8. Forested Lowland 50-100% tree canopy 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 5-50% tree canopy 10. Herbaceous Lowland <5% tree canopy 11. Open Water Submerged or floating vegetation CULTURAL LAND COVERS DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS 12. Woodland with Turf 50-100% tree canopy 13. Recreation Area 0-50% tree canopy 14. Building --- 15. Other Impervious Cover --- Higher classification levels are not numbered or mapped because they include more than one plant community. Only the numbered plant communities were mapped, although higher levels can be described by combining the lower levels they contain. Applying this land cover classification to the 42 sites indicates that over a quarter (28.5 percent) of the area assessed are forest and woodland (Table 2, Exhibit 3). Cultural land cover types comprise nearly a third (30.5 percent) of the sites. Prairie and non-native grassland cover 20.5 percent of the sites, and 11.4 percent of the sites are open water. Other natural land covers are less than 4 percent each. More detailed, site-specific land cover mapping is provided in each management brief (Appendix B). CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 20 Table 2. Iowa City Parks and Natural Areas Land Cover LAND COVER TYPE ACRES PERCENT OF STUDY AREA NATURAL LAND COVERS Upland Plant Communities Forest/Woodland Mature Forest/Woodland 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland 224.11 14.7% 2. Mesic Forest 7.69 0.5% 3. Altered Forest/Woodland 88.09 5.8% Savanna/Brushland 4. Savanna 4.58 0.3% 5. Shrub/Scrub 57.14 3.8% Grassland 6. Prairie 187.85 12.4% 7. Non-Native Grassland 122.55 8.1% Lowland Communities 8. Forested Lowland 113.36 7.5% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 24.16 1.6% 10. Herbaceous Lowland 54.46 3.6% 11. Open Water 174.13 11.4% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf 32.59 2.1% 13. Recreation Area 343.06 22.6% 14. Building 7.02 0.5% 15. Other Impervious Cover 80.22 5.3% TOTALS 1,521.011 100%2 1 Total acres does not include Riverfront Crossings Park (18.23 ac) because it was under construction at the time of AES’s field assessment. 2 Total not based on rounded numbers above. A description follows for each numbered land cover type. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 21 4.3.1 Natural Land Covers 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (224.11 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) • White oak (Q. alba) • Red oak (Q. rubra) • Black cherry (Prunus serotina) • Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) • American Elm (Ulmus americana) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Tree canopy typically has scattered openings, where direct sunlight dapples the forest floor. • Compared to Mesic Forest, Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland tends to be more susceptible to invasion by invasive honeysuckles, especially Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). • Typically considered a fire-dependent plant community. Soil and Slopes • Often occurs in well- to moderately well-drained soils. • Found in many landscape and aspect settings, with the exception of steeper north- or east-facing slopes, which are typically Mesic Forest. Historical Conditions • Historically burned relatively frequently (approximately once every 10 years). • Low-intensity surface fires were important for maintaining plant community structure and species composition. Without fire, sun-requiring species disappear, reducing the variety of plants and insects in the community. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 22 Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland, east section of Ryerson’s Woods. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 23 2. Mesic Forest (7.69 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) • Red oak (Q. rubra) • White oak (Q. alba) • Black cherry (Prunus serotina) • Basswood (Tilia americana) • Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) • American elm (Ulmus americana) • Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Tree canopy closure often is nearly 100 percent, which limits or excludes shrub and groundstory vegetation that requires direct sunlight. • Typically not considered a fire-dependent plant community. Soil and Slopes • Often occurs in moderately well-drained soils. • Typically found on steeper north- or east-facing slopes, but can occur on flat sites with more poorly drained soils. Historical Conditions • Historically, burned rarely (approximately once every 20-50 years). • Tends to become dense stands of maple in the natural process of forest succession. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 24 Mesic Forest, center of Ryerson’s Woods. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 25 3. Altered Forest/Woodland (88.09 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Box elder (Acer negundo) • Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) • Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) - invasive • Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) • Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) • Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) • Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Some areas contain planted trees of native and non-native deciduous and coniferous species. • Invasive plants are common, including non-native honeysuckles (Lonicera spp), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea), oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). • Not considered a natural community. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in a broad range of soils and slope positions. Historical Conditions • Often formerly disturbed areas that were colonized by pioneering species of bottomlands, which have light, highly mobile seeds (see Characteristic Plant Species above); these trees may range in age from young to mature. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 26 Altered Forest/Woodland, south end of Ryerson’s Woods. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 27 4. Savanna (4.58 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) – although not common in Iowa City’s Savannas • Native Prairie grasses and forbs – although not common in Iowa City’s Savannas • Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) • Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) - invasive Other Plant Community Characteristics • Savanna is used to describe landscapes with less canopy cover than forests and woodlands (typically <50 percent canopy cover), and where the woody (i.e., tree and shrub) vegetation is dominated by trees as opposed to shrubs. • The broken tree canopy allows sunlight to reach the groundlayer, often supporting substantial herbaceous vegetation where shrubs and colonizing trees are not dominant. • The term “Savanna” does not necessarily mean a high quality native community, such as an intact oak savanna with native groundcover; rather, Savanna in this classification means a community has the physical structure of a savanna, with 10-50 percent canopy cover, mostly of trees, and a shrubby or herbaceous groundlayer. Ecological quality ranks discussed later in this plan can be used to easily differentiate savannas having oaks and native groundlayer plants from those savannas comprised of species not characteristic of historical, species-rich savannas. • Many of the grand, arching oaks seen throughout Iowa City originated in savannas, and often still present the look of a natural savanna even though the groundlayer is mowed or composed of non-native plants. • Amur honeysuckle is an invasive shrub that can dominate the understory of Savannas. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in a broad range of soils and slope positions. Historical Conditions • Historically, experienced frequent fires (approximately once every 2-4 years). However, where canopy cover approached 50 percent, these fires were not severe, with flame lengths only a few feet in height. Where trees covered only 10 percent of the ground, fires were like those in prairies, with much longer flame lengths due to the abundance of dry groundlayer vegetation as fuel. While shrubs and seedlings were often to-killed by these fires, they resprouted from rootstocks. Fire-tolerant trees such as the thick-barked bur oak and also trees that grew rapidly from root masses (called “grubs”), like oak, were usually able to reach a size that survived the surface fires. Fire helped maintain an open and patchy vegetation structure in the community, with some areas in full sun and others in partial shade. • Variety of tree canopy cover and different amounts of light promoted a diversity of flowering shrubs, grasses, and wildflowers, combining forest and prairie flora, and made these habitats productive and able to support a wide range of wildlife. • Attractive to people because of their park-like quality. Early white visitors to savanna regions of the Midwest often said they looked like parks due to the spaces between trees, uncluttered understories, and grassy groundcover. The frequent fires lit by American Indians created these “parks,” which made travel and settlement by whites easier. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 28 Savanna, southwest edge of Longfellow Nature Trail. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 29 5. Shrub-Scrub (57.14 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii) • Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera mackii) - invasive • Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) • Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) - invasive • Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) – invasive • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) – invasive • Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) • Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Like Savanna, Shrub-Scrub describes landscapes with less canopy cover than forests and woodlands (<50 percent cover); however, the woody vegetation is primarily shrubs and not trees. • Generally not considered a natural community, but prior to 1850, Shrub-Scrub communities on high ground were common and supported a wide array of native plants and animals. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in a broad range of soils and slope positions. Historical Conditions • Most are former grassland areas that became overgrown with shrubs and scattered trees. • If previously farmed or heavily grazed, groundlayer often consists of non-native plants, similar to those of Non-Native Grasslands. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 30 Shrub-Scrub, south end of Sand Prairie. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 31 6. Prairie (187.85 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) • Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) • Ohio spiderwort (Tradescantia ohiensis) • Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) • White and yellow sweet clover (Melilotus alba, M. officinalis) – invasive • Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) • Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) – invasive • Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) – invasive • Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) • Sedges (Carex spp.) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Herbaceous plant community, often dominated by grasses. • Invasive species include Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis) in dry prairies and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) in more moist prairies. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in a broad range of soils and slope positions: dry prairie is often on sandy soils and/or south- or west-facing slopes, the hottest, driest locations in the region; moist or mesic prairie is found in a variety of settings, but never excessively dry or wet. Historical Conditions • Historically burned frequently (fires occurred less than 10 years apart). Currently, however, a return interval of 4 years or less is required to combat the many invasive plants which were not present in Iowa 150 years ago. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 32 Prairie, west side of Sycamore Greenway. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 33 7. Non-Native Grassland (122.55 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) –- invasive • Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) – invasive • Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) – invasive • Yellow and white sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis, M. alba) – invasive • Ground clovers (primarily Trifolium repens, T. pratense) – invasive • Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) • Common and giant ragweed (Ambrosia artimisiifolia, A. trifida) • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) – invasive Other Plant Community Characteristics • Dominated by non-native herbaceous vegetation that is not typically mowed or maintained. • Not considered a natural community. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in a broad range of soils and slope positions. Historical Conditions • Often previously farmed or grazed. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 34 Non-Native Grassland, northwest section of Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 35 8. Forested Lowland (113.36 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) • Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) • American elm (Ulmus americana) • Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) • Common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) • Black walnut (Juglans nigra) • Box elder (Acer negundo) • River birch (Betula nigra) • Sedges (Carex spp.) • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) – invasive • Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) – invasive • Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea) – invasive • Spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Low-lying woodlands that may or may not experience intermittent flooding or shallow water tables for a period of time. • Usually have mineral soil (as opposed to organic, mucky soils typical of swamps). Soil and Slopes • Occurs in low-lying areas and in a broad range of soils. Historical Conditions • Some Forested Lowlands still experience unaltered groundwater and floodplain dynamics and resemble historical forests, but others have changed due to hydrological alterations (e.g., dams, levees). CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 36 Forested Lowland, north section of Terrell Mill Park. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 37 9. Shrub-Scrub Lowland (24.16 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) • Black willow (Salix nigra) • Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) • American elm (Ulmus americana) • Roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii) • Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) • Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) • Riverbank grape (Vitus riparia) • Sedges (Carex spp.) • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) – invasive Other Plant Community Characteristics • Shrub-dominated wetland community. • Often contains highly invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), which can completely dominate the ground layer. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in saturated or groundwater-fed soils, usually in shallow, inundated depressions or along edges of lakes, ponds, marshes, and some streams and rivers. Historical Conditions • Some Lowland Shrub-Scrub areas represent historical conditions, while others developed after woody plants invaded wet meadows following drainage and the cessation of haying or grazing. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 38 Shrub-Scrub Lowland, center of Sycamore Greenway. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 39 10. Herbaceous Lowland (54.46 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Black willow (Salix nigra) • Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) • Sedges (Carex spp.) • Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) • Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) – invasive • Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) • Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus) • Blue flag iris (Iris versicolor) • Beggar ticks (Bidens spp.) • Blue vervain (Verbena hastata) • Common ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) • Narrow-leaved and hybrid cattail (Typha angustifolia, T. x glauca) – invasive • False aster (Boltonia asteroides) • Bulrushes (Scripus spp., Schoenoplectus spp., Bolboschoenus spp.) • Spikerushes (Eleocharis spp.) • Rushes (Juncus spp.) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Herbaceous wetlands. • Most in Iowa City are dominated by the invasive, non-native reed canary grass and/or invasive cattails. Purple loosestrife and giant reed are two additional invasive plants found in Herbaceous Lowlands. These species often spread throughout a wetland, reducing vegetation diversity and habitat value. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in depressions and at edges of lakes, ponds, marshes, and some streams and rivers. It is found in saturated soils and sometimes in shallow water. Historical Conditions • Many Herbaceous Lowlands depend on a predictable, though not static, hydrologic regime, sometimes including damming by beavers. The seasonal water level changes in response to spring runoff, May- June rains, and late summer dry periods sustained the large variety of plants in historical wet meadows. Currently, many Herbaceous Lowlands across the Midwest have been converted to a simple plant community dominated by invasive reed canary grass and/or non-native cattails. This was due to the introduction of aggressive strains of reed canary grass for pasture, as well as draining to facilitate haying and cropping. Sediment and nutrient inputs greatly favor reed canary grass, as does fixed water levels resulting from dams and berms. In dry periods, Herbaceous Lowlands were subject to fire, but the plants, including the shrubs, survived such fires and resprouted. • Invasion by cattails and other aggressive species have resulted in the dramatic degradation of wetter Herbaceous Lowlands throughout the Upper Midwest. Hydrological regimes were dynamic but predictable historically. With the current shunting of excessive runoff from roads, pavement, rooftops, and agricultural fields, marshes experience water level fluctuations out of the normal range that the historical vegetation can tolerate. Both narrow-leaved and hybrid cattail grow well with this overly- dynamic flooding regime; these species also use the higher phosphorus concentrations in most marshes receiving stormwater runoff to develop dense, tall stands. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 40 Herbaceous Lowland, southeast corner of Landfill Wetland. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 41 11. Open Water (174.13 acres) Characteristic Plant Species • Broadleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) • White water lily (Nymphaea odorata) • Broadleaf pondweed (Potamogeton natans) • Lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) • Giant bur-reed (Sparganium eurycarpum) Other Plant Community Characteristics • Open Water areas often contain a variety of floating and/or submerged aquatic plants. Aquatic habitats in the Iowa City park system are affected by urban stormwater runoff and likely have been impacted by aquatic invasive species (AIS) such as zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), especially the Iowa River and adjacent waterbodies. Soil and Slopes • Occurs in lakes and ponds, containing mineral or organic soils. Historical Conditions • Many Open Water areas represent historical conditions (e.g., natural lakes, rivers, and open water wetlands), while some represent constructed stormwater ponds. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 42 Open Water, south end of Sycamore Greenway. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 43 4.3.2 Cultural Land Covers 12. Woodland with Turf (32.59 acres) Many of Iowa City’s parks contain areas with mature to young trees underlain by mowed turf grass. Trees may be mature remnant oaks of historical savannas and woodlands, or they may be more recently planted deciduous and coniferous species, including ornamentals. Some of the of the City’s Woodland with Turf may be underutilized by people and could be transitioned to more natural landscapes. Woodland with turf, southern section of City Park. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 44 13. Recreation Area (343.06 acres) Recreation areas include open and maintained sports fields, lawns, and other turf areas. Tree canopy is less than 50 percent – often considerably less. These areas receive full or nearly full sun, which provides an opportunity to introduce sun-requiring plants. Mowed turf, northwest edge of Villa Park. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 45 14. Building (7.02 acres) Iowa City parks contain many buildings. These range from small shelters to larger facilities. While roof runoff from these buildings did not appear to be causing conspicuous erosion problems, this runoff could be managed better by using techniques such as rain gardens. Rain gardens can be designed to not clash with the formal aesthetics of the building, and provide opportunities not only for rainwater management but for interpretation and demonstration projects as well. Another approach is simply to direct downspouts away from pavement and toward turf. Sewage treatment building, northeast section of Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 46 15. Other Impervious Cover (80.22 acres) Impervious cover in City parks consists primarily of roads and parking areas. Impervious cover is a primary contributor to urban runoff – a major stressor on surface water resources such as lakes and streams. Some of the City’s parking areas may be underutilized and could be converted to some form of vegetation, especially at locations where runoff from impervious cover is causing erosion or water quality issues. Rain gardens or other localized stormwater best management practices (permeable pavers, bioswales, tree planters, and created wetlands) can be used to better manage runoff from impervious surfaces. Impervious Cover (gravel parking lot), east side of Ryerson’s Woods. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 47 4.4 Invasive Species In its natural areas, Iowa City is no different than every other city in the country—removing invasive species is one of the main management activities. The natural areas of Iowa City are dramatically and negatively affected by several invasive plant species, and threatened by a new insect pest, the emerald ash borer. Invasive species often establish and thrive in disturbed habitats, usually crowding out native plants and animals. They typically have the following characteristics: • Tolerant of a variety of habitat/environmental conditions • Grow and reproduce rapidly, with good seed dispersion • Compete aggressively for resources, such as nutrients, water, and (for plants) sunlight • Lack natural enemies or effective competitors Invasive plants suppress native plants, degrade wildlife habitat, and lessen the resilience of ecosystems to recover from disturbances and environmental change. Invasive animals also can have adverse effects, as the emerald ash borer is demonstrating. Some invasive species cannot be removed or cost-effectively controlled. In these cases, managing the effects of an invasive species, rather than trying to eradicate it, is the best course of action. Invasive species warranting control during ecological restoration and management are highlighted with red font in Appendix C. Iowa City has been actively managing invasive plants for years. In 2010, the City published “Invasive Species Control in Natural Areas” (Iowa City 2010), providing detailed management recommendations for 28 invasive species or plant groupings (including some native species). Because invasive plant control depends to a large extent on the proper and safe application of herbicides, in 2016 the City enacted a policy, “Vegetation Control Chemicals on City Property.” This administrative rule is intended to minimize the use of herbicides on public land which could impinge on the use of public spaces. During park management, including implementing ecological restoration and management, invasive species may accidentally be introduced or spread across a site. Appendix D provides guidelines developed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to avoid such introduction or spread of invasive species. Many invasive plant species were observed in the city’s natural areas (see Appendix B species lists). Johnson County has identified the most aggressive invasive plant and animal species in the county (Table 3). Most of these were observed by AES field staff. AES staff also found a few aggressive invasive plants not on Johnson County’s list and added those to the list below. Based on field observations and experience with each species, AES rated each invasive plant as to its level of infestation in City-owned natural areas and its ecological effect if not controlled. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 48 Table 3. Invasive species in Johnson County and Iowa City, Iowa. Common Name Scientific Name Level of Infestation in Iowa City1 Ecological Effect if Uncontrolled2 Fact Sheet Available3 Plants Bush Honeysuckles Lonicera maackii, L. morrowii Major Major Yes Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea Major Major Yes Narrow-leaf and Hybrid Cattail Typha angustifolia, Typha x glauca Major Major No Smooth Brome Bromus inermis Major Major Yes Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa Major Major Yes Yellow and White Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis, M. alba Moderate Major Yes Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense Moderate Moderate Yes Crown Vetch Securigera varia Moderate Moderate Yes Birdsfoot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus Moderate Moderate No Garlic Mustard Alliaria officinalis Moderate Moderate Yes Common and Glossy Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, Frangula alnus Low Major Yes Japanese Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Low Major Yes Oriental Bittersweet Celastris orbiculatus Low Major Yes Japanese Hop Humulus japonicus Low Moderate No Multiflora Rose Rosa multiflora Low Moderate Yes Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii Low Moderate Yes Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Low Moderate Yes Common Teasel Dipsacus fullonum Low Moderate No Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Low Moderate Yes Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima Low Moderate Yes Plumeless and Musk Thistle Carduus acanthoides, C. nutans Low Low Yes Autumn Olive Eleagnus umbellata Low Low Yes Common Reed Grass Phragmites australis, P. communis Minor Moderate Yes Chinese Bush Clover Lespedeza cuneata Minor Moderate Yes Leafy Spurge Euphorbia esula Minor Moderate Yes Animals Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Low Major Yes Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys Not found, but potential Not found, but potential Yes Large Aspen Tortrix Moth Choristoneura conflictana Not found, but potential Not found, but potential Yes 1 Infestation: Based on AES field observations. Major - common to abundant in most of its preferred habitats; Moderate - present in most of its preferred habitats, but with low cover; Low - occasionally encountered, or large but few populations exist; Minor - rarely encountered, usually in small populations. 2 Effect: Major - significantly alters vegetation structure and plant diversity, prevents regeneration of native plants; Moderate - noticeably affects vegetation structure and plant diversity, but some native plant regeneration occurs; Low - a noticeable member of the vegetation structure and diversity, but normal ecological processes are operating; Minor - vegetation structure, native plant diversity, and normal ecological processes are largely unaffected 3 Fact sheet available for invasive plants from http://www.johnson-county.com/dept_sec_roads.aspx?id=19642; for ash borer from http://www. extension.iastate.edu/psep/EmeraldAshBorer.html; for other insects from https://www.eddmaps.org/tools/recordsbysubject.cfm. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 49 4.5 Wildlife Wildlife surveys were not conducted as part of this Natural Areas Plan. Wildlife surveys conducted by others and AES’s incidental wildlife observations during fieldwork are reported in each site’s management brief (Appendix B). In addition, bird surveys conducted in some of the City’s parks and natural areas are accessible at the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union (2017) website: http://www.iowabirds.org/birds/DataSets.aspx. Based on AES’s incidental observations and familiarity with the region, there appears to be a moderate variety and abundance of wildlife using Iowa City’s parks and natural areas. However, many of these species are considered “generalists.” While not problems in themselves, an abundance of animals that are generalists indicates that natural areas are lower quality, smaller, and more isolated than natural areas where generalists are not as common. Generalists persist and even thrive in cities, suburbs, farmland, and degraded natural areas. Generalists do not have narrow habitat and dietary needs only satisfied by high quality or large natural areas; this lets them build up large populations using resources inadvertently supplied by people. By contrast, “specialists” are wildlife species that have specific environmental needs, such as particular habitat, dietary, or breeding requirements. (We include species that need large areas in this category.) Specialists are less common than generalists, more often found in larger and higher quality habitats, and are more sensitive to environmental change. Often, specialist wildlife species are classified as Species of Greatest Conservation Need, discussed below. As natural areas are improved, connected, and shielded from the damaging effects of adjacent lands, specialist species appear and increase in abundance. Specialists are therefore a good indicator of the success of conservation efforts. 4.5.1 Species of Greatest Conservation Need Species of Greatest Conservation Need is a wildlife classification for regional conservation purposes; many of these species are classified as specialists, and they are commonly found in higher quality or large core habitats. Species of Greatest Conservation Need include state-listed species and non-listed species that are regionally rare or in decline, often as a result of habitat loss. While most are not yet endangered, they may become so in the future unless people become aware of and manage for them. The STAR goal “Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2)” supports conservation of biodiversity. This would be accomplished through wildlife habitat restoration within the City’s parks and natural areas, which support Species of Greatest Conservation Need. The Iowa DNR publication, Securing a Future for Fish and Wildlife: A Conservation Legacy for Iowans (Iowa DNR 2015) presents a statewide analysis of Species of Greatest Conservation Need, including their major habitat types. Table 4 lists statewide Species of Greatest Conservation Need by habitat class. Due to the near-elimination across Iowa of native grasslands and wetlands and, more recently, even pastures and hay meadows, declines in Species of Greatest Conservation Need that use grasslands and wetlands exceed those of other habitats. Rivers and streams have suffered widespread elimination of natural vegetation and associated aquatic animal species have declined concurrently. Forested areas in Iowa have actually increased over the past 150 years due to forest succession occurring in grassland, savanna, and abandoned fields. However, this early successional forest does not offer quality habitat for most Species of Greatest Conservation Need, and their numbers are also declining. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 50 Table 4. Summary of Habitat Preferences of Species of Greatest Conservation Need Statewide by Habitat Class (Iowa DNR 2015) Note: Individual species are assigned to more than one habitat type if appropriate, so the total number of species exceeds the total number of Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Iowa City’s parks and natural areas support habitat used by Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Exhibit 3 and Table 4). While some sites are dominated by forest (e.g., Ryerson’s Woods, Hickory Hill Park), others are dominated by grasslands (e.g., Waterworks Prairie Park, Sand Prairie) or have significant open water (e.g., the constructed lake at Terry Trueblood Recreation Area). Other Species of Greatest Conservation Need habitats of Shrubland, Wetlands, Agricultural Lands, and most Aquatic Habitats are less common in the City’s parks and natural areas. While these habitats exist in Iowa City today, they could be expanded, restored, and connected with management. A primary strategy to conserve Species of Greatest Conservation Need is to, “Protect and enhance existing habitats that benefit Species of Greatest Conservation Need.” Although wildlife surveys were not conducted as part of this study, AES ecologists identified the following Species of Greatest Conservation Need at Iowa City parks and natural areas: • Dickcissel – observed at 420th St Wetland, Sturgis Ferry Park, and Wetherby Park • Eastern Meadowlark – observed at 420th St Wetland, Sand Prairie and Terry Trueblood Recreation Area • Field Sparrow – observed at Peninsula Park and Sand Prairie Implementing the recommendations in this Natural Areas Plan is expected to significantly improve the City’s natural habitats, and in turn attract and support more of the region’s Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Increases in Species of Greatest Conservation Need over time will indicate that restoration and management efforts are succeeding. 4.6 Rare Natural Features 4.6.1 Federally-Tracked Natural Features The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) website is used to identify federally-tracked species within a project area. A query of IPaC (USFWS 2017a) indicated the following CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 51 federally-listed species may potentially be affected by activities within Iowa City (Table 5). The complete IPaC report is provided in Appendix E. In short, AES did not detect any of the listed plants in appropriate habitat of City-owned natural areas. The freshwater mussel species is found in the Iowa River which the City has little influence over due to the large upstream watershed. Only the bumblebee and two bats may occur, as the City has appropriate habitat for all three and is in their range. As AES did not conduct specialized surveys to document insects and bats, or any other wildlife, their presence is not confirmed in City-owned natural areas. Table 5. Federally-Listed Species Potentially Affected by Activities in Iowa City, Iowa. Common & Scientific Name Federal Status & Recovery Plan Status Habitat Presence in Iowa City Potential for Positive Effect by Iowa City’s Actions Rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) Endangered (Plan not started) Grasslands with flowering plants from April through October; for nesting sites, underground and abandoned rodent cavities or clumps of grasses above ground; undisturbed soil for hibernating queens to overwinter. Possibly present in prairies, but survey has not been done; reportedly observed at City Hall plantings, but no specimens collected After a survey to confirm presence, floral resource-rich habitat could be expanded Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) Threatened (Draft plan being revised) Small stream corridors with well developed riparian woods; upland forests (foraging); hibernates in caves and mines (“hibernacula”) Possibly roosting and foraging in floodplain forests of Ralston Creek and other small rivers; a survey has not been done; hibernacula not known to occur in city After a survey to confirm presence, roosting and foraging habitat could be improved in quality and expanded Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) Threatened (Plan not started) Roosts and forages in upland forests and woods; hibernates in caves and mines, and autumn swarming occurs in surrounding wooded areas. Possibly roosting and foraging in the larger forests of the city, but a survey has not been done; hibernacula not known to occur in city After a survey to confirm presence, roosting and foraging habitat could be improved in quality and expanded Prairie bush-clover (Lespedeza leptostachya) Threatened (Final plan complete) Dry to mesic prairies with grav- elly soil Not detected in natural resource inventory of City lands None Eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) Threatened (Final plan complete) Mesic to wet prairies Not detected in natural resource inventory of City lands None Western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara) Threatened (Final plan complete) Wet prairies and sedge meadows Not detected in natural resource inventory of City lands None Higgins eye pearly mussel (Lampsilis higginsii) Endangered (Final plan being revised) In bottom sediment of big rivers: Iowa, Mississippi, Wapsipinicon Only potential in Iowa City is in the Iowa River None Rusty patched bumble bee. This recently-listed federally-endangered insect historically occupied grasslands and tallgrass prairies. It has been identified as having two “High Potential Zones” as well as a larger “Primary Dispersal Zone” within Johnson County; the southern High Potential Zone is located in Iowa City. Therefore, for Endangered Species Act (ESA) review purposes, it should be assumed that this species is present in Iowa City. Rusty patched bumble bees’ habitat requirements include mesic to dry-mesic prairie used for food (nectar and pollen from flowers), nesting sites (underground and abandoned rodent cavities or clumps of grasses above ground), and overwintering sites for queens (undisturbed soil). CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 52 Impacts and threats to rusty patched bumble bees are: • Habitat loss and degradation, e.g. loss of native prairie • Intensive farming and associated loss of crop diversity, hedgerows, and pastures • Disease and pesticides • Climate change, which can increase disease and loss of habitat elements at a critical time Indiana bat. The Indiana bat is a federally-endangered species. Johnson County (including Iowa City) is near the northwest edge of the range of Indiana bat (USFWS 2015); its presence in Iowa City is unknown. The Iowa DNR’s Indiana bat guidelines (Iowa DNR, no date) defines suitable summer habitat for Indiana bat as having the following conditions met within a certain distance of a location: 1. Forest cover of 10 percent or greater within one-half mile 2. Permanent water within one-half mile 3. Roost trees ranked as moderate or high for peeling or loose bark within one mile Some City parks and natural areas meet criteria 1 and 2 and likely contain trees that meet criteria 3. The Indiana bat has shown a preference for lowland forests with streams, which is an ecosystem found within Iowa City. During the winter, Indiana bats hibernate in caves or, occasionally, in abandoned mines. They may travel over two hundred miles between summer and winter habitats. The presence or absence of Indiana bat in City parks or natural areas can be determined using the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service summer survey guidance (USFWS 2016c). Impacts and threats to Indiana bats are: • White-nose syndrome (discussed below), a severe and immediate threat to this and other cave- hibernating bat species • Impacts to hibernacula where they spend the winter, such as access changes, microclimate changes, and human disturbances • Loss or degradation of summer forest habitat and roost trees • Wind farm operations (turbines can kill bats) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service guidelines (USFWS 2016b) recommends that tree-cutting in suitable habitat should not occur from April 1 through September 30, with the pup-rearing season (June 1 through July 31) being critical, especially in the white-nose syndrome zone, discussed below. This federal guidance suggests that tree clearing at City parks and natural areas, even for ecological restoration, should occur from early October through March. This is the typical period for tree removal in ecological restoration projects. White-nose Syndrome. White-nose syndrome is a fungus that kills hibernating bats in North America. It has spread rapidly across the U.S. since its discovery in New York state in 2006. It is a major concern for bat conservation because it kills all or nearly all bats using overwintering caves and other hibernacula. Iowa City is in the white-nose syndrome zone (USFWS 2017b). Northern long-eared bat. This federally-threatened mammal is a medium-sized bat with long ears that uses forested areas for summer roosting. This bat species overwinters in caves and mines (called hibernacula) with constant temperatures, high humidity, and no air currents. This species may travel over a hundred miles between summer and winter habitat, but journeys of fifty miles are more common. Northern long-eared bat has similar summer habitat requirements as Indiana bat, but tends to use upland forests more often. This ecosystem is common in Iowa City. As of May 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service did not have any records of Northern long- eared bat roost trees or hibernacula in Johnson County (USFWS 2016a); however, use of Iowa City parks or natural areas by Northern long-eared bat cannot be ruled out. Impacts and threats to Northern long-eared bat are the same as those listed above for Indiana bat. Due to habitat overlap, the same restrictions on tree cutting recommended for Indiana bat apply to the Northern long-eared bat. Tree clearing should be restricted to early October through March. CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 53 Prairie bush clover. This federally-threatened prairie plant is found only in the tallgrass prairie region of four Midwestern states (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin). Given the lack of native prairie remnants in Iowa City’s natural areas, it is unlikely that this species occurs in the study area. Eastern prairie fringed orchid. This federally-threatened orchid, known to occur in Johnson County, grows in a wide variety of habitats, from mesic prairie to wetlands such as sedge meadows, marsh edges, even bogs. However, given the lack of high quality native prairie and wetland remnants in Iowa City’s natural areas, it is unlikely that this species occurs in the study area. Western prairie fringed orchid. Similar to the Eastern prairie fringed orchid, the Western prairie fringed orchid is a federally-threatened orchid, known to occur in Johnson County. It grows in moist to wet native prairie areas. Given the lack of high quality native prairie in Iowa City’s natural areas, it is unlikely that this species occurs in the study area. Higgins eye pearlymussel. This federally-endangered bivalve is a freshwater mussel, up to 4 inches long, typically found in large rivers, including the Iowa River. Seven Iowa City parks and natural areas are adjacent to the Iowa River. Higgins eye is endangered due to habitat loss and degradation, as well as Zebra mussel, which attaches to its shell and prevents normal feeding and behavior. Impacts and threats to Higgins eye are: • Impoundment of rivers and subsequent changes in flow, substrates, and host fish • Municipal, industrial, and farm runoff that degrade water quality • Dredging and waterway traffic that produce siltation Land alteration and management actions taken on uplands can affect the habitat of this aquatic species; therefore, City projects (including ecological restoration and management) should be conducted in a way that does not cause erosion into the river (since this can stress or kill Higgins eye pearlymussel). At the same time, the issues facing the Iowa River and affected freshwater mussels originate in the massive upstream watershed. Other Rare Species and Habitats In addition to federally-tracked listed species, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service tracks migratory bird species of particular concern and other habitats. The IPaC report identifies 24 migratory bird species of particular concern potentially found in Iowa City (see Appendix E for species listing). The IPaC report did not identify critical habitats, wildlife refuges, or fish hatcheries in Iowa City. 4.6.2 State-Tracked Natural Features The Iowa Natural Areas Inventory tracks records of rare plant and animal species, including those that are endangered, threatened, or special concern. A query of the Iowa Natural Areas Inventory (Iowa DNR 2017b) identified the following rare natural features occur in Johnson County (number of species in parentheses): • Mammals (2) • Birds (4) • Reptiles (6) • Fish (2) • Insects (4) • Freshwater mussels (9) • Plants (59) Appendix F contains a more detailed list of these state-listed species. Iowa City contacted the Iowa DNR and acquired digital Iowa Natural Areas Inventory data pertaining to rare natural features as well as mapped high quality natural communities within the City. The only rare natural feature records within the City are five species of freshwater mussels (located in the Iowa River) and one CITY-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS & ASSESSMENT | 54 cultivated specimen of smooth black-haw (Viburnum prunifolium). This Natural Areas Plan is focused on plant communities and not on the restoration of large river habitats; therefore, the rare animal records are not particularly applicable to this plan. Likewise, the presumably planted smooth black-haw is also not of particular conservation interest. In addition to the uncommon wildlife species discussed in Section 4.5.1, AES ecologists identified the following listed plant species at Iowa City parks and natural areas: • Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum), Iowa endangered – observed at ESRC Biocells • Nodding Wild Onion (Allium cernuum), Iowa threatened – observed at ESRC Biocells • Queen of the Prairie (Filipendula rubra), Iowa threatened – observed at Fire Station 4 Biocell and Longfellow Nature Trail • Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), Iowa special concern – observed at ESRC Biocells • Wild Blue Indigo (Baptisia australis), Iowa special concern – observed at ESRC Biocells and Waterworks Prairie Park • Smooth Clustered Sedge (Carex aggregata), Iowa special concern – observed at Terry Trueblood Recreation Area • Fringed Sedge (Carex crinita), Iowa special concern – observed at 420th St Wetland • Common Rush (Juncus effusus), Iowa special concern – observed at 420th St Wetland, Makada Wetland Mitigation, and Whispering Meadows Wetlands • Prairie Dock (Silphium terebinthinaceum), Iowa special concern – observed at ESRC Biocells, Longfellow Nature Trail, Rohret Road Prairie, Ryerson’s Woods, Sycamore Greenway, and Wetherby Park • Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium), Iowa special concern – observed at Benton Hill Park High quality natural communities are a basic building block of this Natural Areas Plan. High quality natural areas (as identified by the Iowa DNR) occur in the City; two of these are in City parkland (Table 6) and others are mapped by the Iowa DNR. Table 6. High Quality Natural Communities in City Parks (adapted from Iowa DNR data) Site Name Community Protection Status Acres Hickory Hill Park Woodland Protected 191.41 Ryerson Woods Woodland Protected 49.22 Often, the greatest conservation gains are achieved by the protection and management of large, continuous natural areas, such as the large areas listed in Table 6 and shown in Exhibit 4. These are referred to as core habitats, which are important to many sensitive wildlife species, depending on the animal group. Insects, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians are more likely to find core habitat for breeding in such areas, while larger mammals and many species of sensitive birds may not. Enlarging, buffering, and connecting core habitats are other important conservation opportunities, discussed in the following section. ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS | 55 5 Ecological Restoration and Management Challenges and Considerations As described above, land use changes across the City have created a number of challenges to restoring healthy, diverse natural areas. These and additional considerations that influence restoration and management planning are discussed below. 5.1 Core Habitat, Edge Effects and Connections As mentioned in Section 4.5, generalist wildlife species (crows, starlings, raccoons, etc.) are animals that are common and can tolerate and even thrive in altered and developed lands and waters. These species are typically not a focus of conservation since their populations are usually stable or increasing. In contrast, specialist wildlife species are often rare or have declining populations due to special habitat needs. Many specialist wildlife species require large, diverse and high quality habitat blocks to sustain their numbers. These areas are called core habitats. Protecting and managing core habitats in the City will improve the likelihood that uncommon and declining animal species will persist, including Species of Greatest Conservation Need (discussed in Section 4.5.1). The effect of converting natural areas to cropland and residential developments, with its resulting habitat loss, has been well documented. Less obvious are long-term effects from increasing the amount of habitat edge. Smaller and narrower habitats have more edge than larger, rounder ones (Figure 3). Figure 3. Core (interior) habitats and edge habitats (Bentrup 2008) More edge and less interior habitat pose significant threats to wildlife that need core habitat. A variety of scientific papers and other sources have documented how edge effects penetrate into adjacent natural habitat. For instance, birds and other wildlife can be flushed by people walking on trails up to a distance of 150 feet away. Mid-sized predators (raccoon and feral house cats) will travel several hundred feet into forests and grasslands to prey on birds, small mammals and other wildlife. Invasive plants move from edges where they grow into interior areas. Traffic noise, warm and dry air, dust from gravel roads, pesticide drift, and many other damaging influences enter wildlife habitat from their edges (Figure 4). Management can reduce edge effects. Enlarging existing habitats, eliminating encroachments, and installing and maintaining native vegetative screens and buffers all help. ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS | 56 Figure 4. Edge effects from development and disturbance (Bentrup 2008). Connecting core habitats (Figure 5) allows wildlife to retreat to different, more favorable areas, without being exposed to the hazards of travel. Generally speaking, only the largest natural areas will support the City’s most sensitive vertebrate species. Some of these species require corridors of several hundred to thousands of feet in width to move among large habitat cores. It is more practical in developed and farmed landscapes to consider core habitats of 200 to 2,000 acres, with 200-foot to 2,000-foot wide corridors connecting the large cores. Larger habitat areas and connections also benefit many types of smaller animals. On the other hand, small habitat areas can sustain many invertebrate species which have small home ranges. Native vegetation can also benefit from connectivity as seed dispersal can be facilitated; however, this becomes a problem when invasive plants take advantage of these connections. Due to all of these variables, greenways (an important method of increasing connectivity) should be designed and managed thoughtfully to maximize ecological benefits and minimize adverse effects. Figure 5. Gradients of ecological connectivity (Bentrup 2008). ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS | 57 The concepts of core habitats, edge effects and connectivity can be used to help conserve the City’s full spectrum of biodiversity. Protecting, connecting and restoring large areas of natural vegetation to minimize fragmentation and edge effects are critical to many Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the City. Section 11.1 discusses some of the opportunities for improving natural area connectivity in Iowa City. 5.2 Pests and Diseases Natural resources, such as forests, can also be affected by a variety of pests and diseases. Some of these occur as natural components of an ecosystem, but others have migrated into the region by accident or by intentional human transport. The main pests and diseases that may affect Iowa City’s natural resources include: • Emerald ash borer (EAB). First identified in Iowa City in 2016, this pest is anticipated to have a devastating effect on the many mature ash trees growing throughout the region. Removed ash trees warrant special handling to prevent spread of the borer. • Oak wilt. Present in Iowa City, warranting special management of oak trees especially red oak species. • Gypsy moth. Not yet detected in Iowa City, but plans should be made for special handling of cut wood and other surfaces where eggs may be found. 5.3 Climate Change Implications for the City’s Natural Resources People have seen the beginning effects of climate change in Iowa. A recent study of climate change impacts on the state (Iowa Climate Change Impacts Committee 2011) identified the following changes that may affect Iowa City’s natural areas: • A long-term upward trend in precipitation; • An increase in extreme heavy precipitation in summer in the last 40 years, consistent with regional changes, and a shift in seasonal distribution; more precipitation now comes in the first half of the year, and less in the second half; • A larger precipitation increase in eastern Iowa than in western Iowa; • Increased streamflow and the potential for more frequent and greater flooding in coming years; • Long-term winter temperatures have increased six times more than summer temperatures; • Nighttime temperatures have increased more than daytime temperatures since 1970; • Since 1970, daily minimum temperatures have increased in summer and winter; daily maximum temperatures have risen in winter, but declined substantially in summer; • Humidity has risen substantially, especially in summertime; • Higher monthly rainfall and increased transpiration from crops coupled with reduced winds have created favorable conditions for survival and spread of many unwanted pests and pathogens; • Delayed planting and associated yield loss, especially critical in poorly drained soils; • Increased replanting of damaged croplands; • Increased soil erosion and water runoff; • Increased tile drainage, leading to greater nitrate-nitrogen loss and water quality degradation; • Increased challenges associated with manure applications that are timely, nutrient-use efficient, and environmentally benign; • Changes in Iowa’s climate will force native plants and animals, including fish and game species, to adapt or move; • Climate change will stress interactions among animals, plants, and their environment; • Coldwater game fish such as trout and smallmouth bass (which depend on cool groundwater and clear, sediment-free streams) could be vulnerable to rising temperatures and, with more intense rainstorms, to increased sediment from eroding fields; and ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS | 58 • Ducks that nest in the prairie pothole wetlands of United States and Canada may experience population declines due to future drought in the west and loss of habitat to agriculture in the east. The Third National Climate Assessment (Pryor et al 2014) reports that, given current trends, spring and winter precipitation in the Midwest is expected to increase 10 to 20 percent over the next century, while temperature will increase approximately 3.8 to 4.9°F by 2065. Despite more rainfall, one climate model suggests that higher air temperatures may increase the frequency of drought in the Midwest over the next century. These climate projections could alter Iowa City’s natural resources and require adjustments in their management. The City’s forests will likely change in composition, productivity, diseases, and pest infestations. Many current forests are dominated by oak and black cherry, species that are expected to thrive in the future climate scenario for Iowa. Ranges of species with more southerly distributions—shrubs like buttonbush, American bladdernut and eastern wahoo, and trees like Kentucky coffeetree, honey locust, swamp white oak, black oak, and chinquapin oak—may increase in abundance. On the other hand, species at the southern edge of their range, such as white pine, will diminish. Annual forest growth is expected to increase due to increases in carbon dioxide, precipitation and temperature. However, such conditions will also tend to favor exotic weeds, pests and diseases that thrive in warmer climates. Pests such as emerald ash borer and gypsy moth, and aggressive invasive plants such as kudzu and other honeysuckles, will most likely range northward. Drought episodes may become more frequent and severe, promoting a shift from mesic and wet prairie species to those adapted to drier conditions. Planting more native prairie and savanna would be a beneficial strategy to capitalize on this trend. Natural resource management will need to adapt to climate change in the following ways: • Change the timing and frequency of prescribed fire and invasive plant management; • Increase efforts to respond to greater invasive species pressure; • Change the timing of seeding and planting; • Consider using species and genetic plant material from more southern areas such as Missouri, Illinois, western Kansas, and southeastern Nebraska; • Address the implications of changing community and species ranges and composition; and • Respond to the range of options related to persistence versus change. Surface waters also will be affected. The City’s water resources already are exposed to excessive runoff and high nutrient loading. Evidence of active erosion is evident in ravines. Precipitation trends are likely to accelerate this erosion and increase nutrient loading to lakes and rivers. This, in combination with warmer water temperatures, can stimulate potentially toxic blue-green algae blooms. Shoreline erosion around larger lakes and ponds may increase due to the greater frequency and severity of large storms and droughts. Erosion can lead to sedimentation and reduction in lake storage volume, which may already be occurring in some of the City’s shallow lakes. Sediment can also bury or damage aquatic vegetation and gravel stream beds that are important in the life cycle of many fish and macroinvertebrates. Water management strategies that can compensate for climate change are: • Design stormwater best practices to reduce the erosive effect of intense precipitation events • Reduce runoff volume by spreading many strategies across the landscape (e.g., cisterns, rain barrels, rain gardens, bioswales, infiltration basins) • Infiltrate as much clean runoff as possible to recharge aquifers • Increase shading of stormwater basins and cold-water streams • Plan holistically at the watershed level. This could include developing watershed plans for the City’s larger creeks, working cooperatively with upstream municipalities to find dispersed, cost-effective, and when possible, naturalized solutions to better manage existing and future projected runoff. This Natural Areas Plan will help provide supporting data for Iowa City’s ongoing Climate Action and Adaptation Plan. REVIEW OF CITY POLICIES, ORDINANCES AND STAR GOALS | 59 6 Review of City Policies, Ordinances and STAR Goals This section presents two approaches to assess the City’s success in protecting, restoring and managing natural resources and the environment. The STAR Community Rating System is run by the U.S. Green Building Council (see http://www.starcommunities.org), with a focus on sustainability of all aspects of a city. The Codes and Ordinance Worksheet is provided by the Center for Watershed Protection (CWP; see https://owl.cwp.org/ mdocs-posts/codes-ordinace-worksheet) and is designed to highlight areas where changes in urban design and operations will improve water resources and natural lands. In 2016 Iowa City was certified as a 4-Star Community, but is taking steps to become a 5-Star Community. The City is doing the Center for Watershed Protection Codes and Ordinance Worksheet for the first time here; scores are usually low for first-time communities, but always improve over time once issues are identified and addressed. Both programs indicate that City policies and ordinances can be revised to further improve natural resources and the environment. See Section 16 for recommendations. 6.1 STAR Community Rating System In 2016 Iowa City assessed its performance in several areas that characterize a vibrant, healthy, and sustainable community. The results, published in a Certification Results Report (STAR 2016) earned the City four out of five stars. The City performed weakly, however, in the Natural Systems category, chiefly due to a poor showing in the area of Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2) and Natural Resource Protection (NS-3). Although better in the category of Water in the Environment (NS-5), the City could do more. The STAR rating system gives the following guidance to improve performance in these categories. • Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2). Adopt a robust, comprehensive invasive species plan, educate residents about the importance of using native plants, and adopt a native plant ordinance. (Biodiversity outcomes were added to this category after the City did its STAR assessment.) • Natural Resource Protection (NS-3). Submit data on preservation targets for natural areas and wetlands, and submit data on making connections among and restoring natural areas. • Water in the Environment (NS-5). Develop and adopt a watershed management plan to improve the health of the City’s water bodies. The City failed to meet STAR standards for biological and chemical integrity of the City’s water bodies. (This is typical of most Midwestern communities.) STAR revised its requirements in 2016 (Version 2.0 at http://www.starcommunities.org/get-started/download). This Natural Areas Plan gathered data that can help the City address these deficits in the STAR assessment, discussed in Section 16 of this report. 6.2 Center for Watershed Protection Codes and Ordinance Worksheet The Center for Watershed Protection Codes and Ordinance Worksheet (CWP 1998a) was developed by a widely respected research organization dedicated to improving our nation’s waters and natural resources. Completion of the worksheet (Appendix G) gave Iowa City a score of 62 out of 100. While a low score, it is usual for cities to score low when first completing the worksheet. It is a learning tool to identify where changes in policies and ordinances will have the greatest effect on water and natural resources. As cities learn how to protect natural resources and green infrastructure, policies and ordinances change and scores improve. This is no different than trying to improve economic performance of a business by implementing better work processes and watching for improvement in the bottom line. Iowa City is trying to improve the overall health of ecosystems and the environment by implementing better natural resource and water management practices, as indicated by its Center for Watershed Protection score. The Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet assesses development practices in: • Residential Streets & Parking Lots, • Lot Development, and • Conservation of Natural Areas. REVIEW OF CITY POLICIES, ORDINANCES AND STAR GOALS | 60 Residential streets and parking lots, with their accelerated and polluting runoff, strongly influence water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Certain ways of platting lots in a development can be less environmentally damaging than others. Conservation or open space design is a development style that preserves open space; is efficient with lot shapes, lot sizes, sidewalks, and driveways; and provides for good management of open space. Lastly, conserving natural areas means not damaging water bodies, soils or important trees, and not consuming a disproportionate amount of land. Points are awarded in each category for various criteria. The scoring can be adjusted. For example, Iowa City follows the federal guidelines for Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) trail width, which is five feet. The Center for Watershed Protection guidance suggests trails should be four feet wide. The City was given full credit here because a federal law takes precedence over Center for Watershed Protection’s criterion. In two cases, AES documented where a City score should be higher due to circumstances outside its control (Appendix G). On a 100 point scale, a score of 60 to 80 suggests ordinance revisions are advisable. In Section 16, AES suggests policy recommendations to increase the Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet score. Improving the worksheet score will also improve the STAR rating. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS | 61 7 Summary of Findings 7.1 Vegetation • Woodlands and forests are important plant communities in the City’s natural areas. The highest quality City-owned forest is Ryerson’s Woods, and the largest City-owned forest is Hickory Hill. • While prairie used to be the dominant plant community throughout the region, this habitat is now rare. City-owned prairie remnants (historical prairies, as opposed to prairie restorations) are limited to Sand Prairie. The City’s larger prairie restorations include Oxeye Prairie (at Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park), Waterworks Prairie Park, and two large patches of prairie restored at Hickory Hill Park. • Wetlands exist in many of Iowa City’s natural areas, but generally don’t occupy a significant portion of the City. • Invasive plants harm the City’s plant communities and wildlife by displacing native plants in groundcover, reducing pollinator nectar and pollen, reducing fruit and seed foods, preventing native tree regeneration in forest, and contributing to soil erosion on slopes. • Lack of regular disturbance (e.g., fire) over several decades has significantly reduced the area of former prairie and savanna. • Turf, roads, parking areas, and buildings have reduced the size of contiguous natural areas, shrinking wildlife habitat. • Opportunities exist to increase the size and improve the quality of plant communities through restoration and management (e.g., removal of invasive plant species and establishment of diverse native vegetation) as well as providing ecological buffering and improved connectivity. • No federally-listed plants were identified during AES’s field assessment. Ten state-listed plants (endangered, threatened, or special concern) were observed (Section 4.6.2 and Appendices B and C). 7.2 Wildlife • The most abundant species in the City’s natural areas appear to be generalists. • City natural areas support, or have the potential with restoration to support, core habitat for a broad range of forest, woodland, savanna, prairie, and wetland wildlife. • No federally-listed animals were identified during AES’s field assessment. One state-listed animal (ornate box turtle, threatened) and three additional Species of Greatest Conservation Need species were observed (dickcissel, Eastern meadowlark, and field sparrow). 7.3 Water and Hydrology • The Iowa River flows through the center of Iowa City and abuts several of the City’s natural areas. Likewise, many City parks are adjacent to tributaries such as Ralston Creek, Snyder Creek, and Willow Creek. • Several large water bodies exist within the City’s natural areas, including the lake at Terry Trueblood Recreation Area, ponds at Waterworks Prairie Park, and open water portions of Sycamore Greenway. • Land use changes in Iowa River’s large watershed (e.g., agricultural practices) have reduced water quality and caused bank erosion. At a more local scale, concentrated runoff from roads, parking, roofs, and turf is causing mild to severe erosion in tributary streams, affecting many of the City’s natural areas. • Water quality and erosion challenges are often best addressed at a watershed scale. Given the large watershed of the Iowa River (almost entirely outside of the City limits), the City has the greatest opportunity to improve watershed and stream conditions in the City’s tributary streams. ECOSYSTEM MODEL FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT | 62 8 Ecosystem Model for Restoration and Management 8.1 What is an Ecosystem Model and Why is it Useful? Ecosystem models are useful planning tools, which consider past conditions, influences over time, projected future conditions, and the implications for ecological restoration and management. Elements of an ecosystem model include plant species composition and structure, associated wildlife, natural disturbance regimes, plant successional pathways, responses to human use, and predicted future conditions given different restoration and management activities as well as environmental changes, such as increasing temperature and rainfall. Most of these conditions are represented by, or reflective of, the site’s plant communities. Without regular disturbances, plant communities lose species and become less resilient (i.e., less able to change as environmental conditions change). Conserving biodiversity depends on retaining plant species and thus making plant communities more resilient. By restoring native ecosystems and establishing a sustainable management regime (including disturbances such as prescribed fire), program goals can be achieved. Wildlife species also respond to plant community biodiversity, persisting or disappearing as plant communities change. Numbers of pollinators, for example, rise and fall with the amount of flowering that happens. Where few plants flower from April through October, few pollinators find sufficient nectar and pollen to sustain populations. Even with disturbances that sustain them, ecosystems can change if overwhelming change happens, such as the loss of species due to a northward shift in species ranges (e.g., see Chen et al. 2011). On the other hand, when new plants migrate into a plant community that is losing species, resilience may be improved. Fortunately, Iowa City’s parks and natural areas contain a variety of plant communities, which may allow plant species to move within and between parks, instead of depending on migration from more distant natural areas. The ecosystem model developed for Iowa City considers the distant past, conditions in the recent past and current time, and predicted future scenarios considering disturbance regimes and other factors that influence the city’s plants and animals. This informs the general restoration approach and the long-term management needed to replace natural disturbances that formerly maintained the biodiversity of city natural areas, stabilized the soils and slopes, and allowed for plants and animals to gradually change as the environment changed— ensuring resilience despite future changes. 8.2 Conditions of the Distant Past (before the early 1800s) Iowa City is located in a historically fire-influenced region. While lightning can start natural wildfires, fires were often ignited intentionally by Native Americans to clear woodlands and brush, open up land for cultivation, create habitat for game species and berry- and nut-producing plants, and clear sight-lines for self-defense and security. These fires are documented to have occurred annually to every few years in the region’s larger open landscapes (Stewart 2002 and Pyne 1982). The extensive fires often reached and ignited most of the dry south- and west-facing slopes. Plant species requiring moderate to full sunlight (e.g., prairies and savannas) inhabited the ecosystems that burned frequently. Areas in the City that were moister, such as ravines and north- and east-facing slopes, were less prone to burning. Steep topography and water bodies also protected areas from fire. These moist and protected areas were characterized by woodlands and forests of nearly continuous tree canopies. The early settlers of European descent, arriving in eastern Iowa in the early 1800s, came into a landscape inhabited and modified by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Those original indigenous inhabitants, integrated into the workings of the ecosystems, continually modified their environment by deliberately using fire, building dwellings, tending cropland, and transporting from distant locations plants for food, medicine, and ceremonies. In short, the indigenous people were an active force in shaping what we today term original, native, historical, or pre-settlement vegetation. ECOSYSTEM MODEL FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT | 63 Frederic Remington’s painting, “The Grass Fire” (1908). A landscape’s vegetation pattern at any moment is dictated by its geomorphology, the greater landscape context, and disturbance, both human (farming, tree-cutting, grazing, construction) and natural (wildfire, windthrow, wildlife grazing). The type and depth of bedrock, the aridity or moisture of soils, and a site’s topography also come into play. Vegetation is profoundly influenced by topography, the steepness and aspect of slopes (aspect is the direction a slope faces). Iowa City lies in an area of weathered glacial drift, deposited over 130,000 years ago. Erosion over the centuries has resulted in a rolling to hilly landscape with ravines and dendritic stream systems. Before 1800, extensive prairies covered the majority of the southern two-thirds of the city; the northern portion of the County and the Iowa River valley contained oak barrens, a sparsely treed grassy and brushy landscape (Exhibit 5). Depending on the frequency and timing of fires over many years, some prairies would have scattered trees and brush; today such areas would be called savanna. In frequently burned areas bur and other oaks would continuously sprout from roots, known to the white settlers as “oak grubs,” and if fire did not return for a decade or more, rapid colonizers such as red cedar, pin cherry, and choke cherry would establish. On slopes facing south, west and southwest, drier conditions often allowed the long-term persistence of grassy plant communities termed bluff or goat prairies. Woodlands and forest areas would have occupied slopes facing north to east, protected from intense fires by steep topography and moister conditions. Exhibit 5 shows that a large “field” formerly existed in the southern portion of the City, in the Iowa River floodplain. In addition, the original land surveyors identified a few small patches of “grove” and “thicket”, a small pond in the northwest portion of the City, and a large tract of “timber” extending beyond the northwest corner of the City. 8.3 Recent Historical and Present Conditions (early 1800s to 2017) Since the early 1800s, European settlement and fire suppression eliminated the critical disturbance of regular burning. By the late 1800s, forests in many City parks and natural areas had increased dramatically with an equal decrease in prairie and savanna. Tillable prairies were immediately converted to crops and others on steeper slopes became pastures. Prairie that was not cropped or grazed was colonized by early successional trees and shrubs, such as red cedar, cherries, hackberry, sumac, and dogwood. Prairies with oak grubs and shrubs grew, over 20-30 years, to oak woodland and forest, which lacked a prairie groundcover because of the dense shade. If livestock were allowed to graze, many prairie plants persisted among the trees and shrubs. Overall, however, the landscape was transformed to a forest-dominated ecosystem with sun-requiring prairie and savanna plants retreating to the driest or regularly—though not severely—disturbed places. The 1930s aerial photograph of Iowa City (Exhibit 6) shows more open tree canopies and clearings than are evident today. Other changes in Iowa City’s natural areas include the establishment and spread of invasive shrubs, especially Asian honeysuckles and buckthorn. Brought by horticulturalists and gardeners as hedgerow and decorative shrubs, these fire-intolerant species have invaded the City’s forests and woodlands, competed with native shrubs and saplings, inhibited oak regeneration, and extirpated many ground layer species by casting dense ECOSYSTEM MODEL FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT | 64 shade. Other aggressive plants have also invaded City natural areas, changing species composition, structure, and ecological functions. Exhibit 7 illustrates the City’s existing conditions. 8.4 Anticipated Future Conditions (2050 Without and With Intervention) In developing this Natural Areas Plan, Iowa City made a commitment to better understand and more proactively restore and maintain its natural areas. Exploring likely outcomes using two possible scenarios—with and without intervention—the City will better understand the importance of strategic investments in natural resources. 8.4.1 Without Intervention Without ecological restoration and management in the City’s natural areas, and assuming current climate trends continue, the following changes would be expected over the coming decades. • Invasive and shade-tolerant woody plants will increase in dominance in all plant communities in both the tree canopy and understory, reducing overall plant species diversity through shading and root competition. • Sensitive & specialist wildlife species will decrease. • Forests may be less suitable for migratory passerine birds. • Erosion will worsen given sparse groundcover in many of the City’s forests and trends of increasing precipitation, resulting in greater damages to natural areas and nearby infrastructure. • If future climate predictions are realized, the City will experience more droughts, possibly encouraging drought-resistant plants, especially on dry, southerly to westerly exposures. These would be species of prairies and savannas – both native and invasive species. 8.4.2 With Intervention • Species diversity will be higher than today in all plant communities. • Nectar and pollen resources will be more abundant than today due to the provision of continuous blooming from April to October, providing nectar and pollen during the entire growing season. • Sensitive and specialist wildlife species will find more acres of habitat. • Migratory habitat for passerine birds will be of high quality. • Erosion and associated infrastructure damages will be reduced, and therefore more affordable, despite precipitation trends. • Plant communities will be more open in canopy and understory, especially if predicted drought patterns occur. Restoration Potential Fortunately, many of the City’s natural areas contain plant communities that already possess a significant native element. This considerably reduces the effort required to restore and manage these habitats. Rather than beginning a restoration with turf or cropland, most restoration of City natural areas will involve “enhancement”. Existing plant communities are typically enhanced through removal of invasive vegetation, followed by seeding and planting to increase biodiversity, stabilize soils, and facilitate sustainable management. ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT IN IOWA CITY | 65 9 Ecological Restoration and Management in Iowa City 9.1 Proposed Native Plant Communities Proposed native plant communities are those largely self-sustaining ecological combinations of species that are expected to develop at a site as a result of implementing ecological restoration and management activities. Given the current condition of City natural areas, we recommend that the majority of these plant communities be enhanced, and only limited areas undergo conversion to a truly new vegetation community. For example, existing Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland will remain as such, but would be enhanced by removal of invasive species, selective thinning of aggressive native trees and shrubs, and with limited plantings to diversify the canopy, understory, and ground layer vegetation and improve wildlife habitat (including for pollinators). Complete replacement of vegetation could occur in select areas of parks, where turf grass could be replaced by native, short-statured, prairie and savanna grasses and wildflowers. Where native vegetation abuts pavement, a mowed strip should be retained to separate it from the pavement and to prevent vegetation from over-hanging the pavement. Site-specific management briefs (Appendix B) present recommended enhancements to native plant communities for each natural area. Section 10 discusses the restoration and management tasks needed to establish healthier native plant communities in the City’s natural areas. If possible, native plant materials used in ecological restorations should have a source-origin within 200 miles of the project area, and only native, wild-type species should be used, not cultivars and horticultural varieties. Substitutions for specified seed and plant materials may be necessary in response to availability and pricing of native plant materials. Every effort should be made to substitute unavailable species with those that match the ecological purpose of unavailable species. Appendix H provides recommended native live plant and seed lists for the City’s natural areas. 9.2 Species-Specific Goals The STAR program encourages the protection of federal threatened and endangered species as well as the eradication or control of harmful invasive species. These goals are described in Section 16.1.1. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT TASKS | 66 10 Restoration and Management Tasks 10.1 Remove Invasive Woody Vegetation Many native plant communities can be enhanced by removing invasive woody vegetation. First and foremost, this should entail removal of invasive woody species such as non-native honeysuckle and Siberian elm. Selectively thinning dense or aggressive native woody species in the understory may also be warranted, depending on restoration goals. Removing invasive and aggressive woody vegetation opens opportunities to plant native trees and shrubs, which increase the variety of food and material for wildlife. If limited resources require that some areas are treated first, invasive vegetation management should focus on the highest quality areas or areas with the rarest nature features; this is because early invasions are more easily controlled than dense infestations. Removal of invasive woody vegetation typically includes the following tasks. • Where present, cut and stump-treat with a contact herbicide all invasive non-native woody vegetation. If limited resources require a less expensive method, basal bark application of herbicide can be used and shrubs and trees left standing. • Conduct selective thinning of remaining aggressive woody vegetation (e.g., box elder) in the understory. Typically, forest canopy should be maintained to reduce subsequent invasion and growth of non-native honeysuckle, but thinning the understory and occasional canopy gaps will allow filtered sunlight to reach the ground and promote native plant and pollinator-habitat diversity. • Woody plant clearing should be done when the ground is frozen to minimize soil disturbance. Remove large cut trees from forests where removals are dense. In less densely cut areas, trim branches so the trunk lies near the ground surface to promote decay and provide habitat. • Cut material can be stacked and burned in City-approved locations, transported off-site for biomass- to-energy burning, used as firewood, or used in bioengineering projects. Care should be taken to not spread invasive plant propagules (e.g., honeysuckle berries) during removal. Handling and transport of cut wood should follow all state and federal recommendations to minimize the potential transfer of pests such as Emerald Ash Borer, Gypsy Moth, etc. • Retain and protect existing desirable native woody and herbaceous vegetation; this may require avoiding the use of forestry mowers and other general removal machinery. Steep slopes may prevent the use of mechanized woody plant removal. • Treat invasive woody vegetation seedlings and re-sprouts with foliar herbicide in the growing season following cutting, preferably late in the summer or early fall (to avoid collateral damage to native vegetation). 10.2 Control Invasive Herbaceous Vegetation • Use a combination of spot herbiciding, spot mowing, and/or prescribed burning to remove and control invasive herbaceous vegetation. Prescribed burning for long-term management is discussed below under Section 10.6. • Retain and protect existing desirable native woody and herbaceous vegetation by appropriate timing, chemical selection, application method, and prescribed burning methods. Selective herbicides, either broad-leaved or grass-specific depending on circumstances, may be appropriate to minimize collateral damage to desirable plants. • A minimum of two (and possibly three) herbicide treatments will be required to control established perennial weeds. • As these invasive plants have created a seedbank which could produce seedlings for several years, increasing the coverage of competing native vegetation is the most effective way in the long term to reduce invasive plant germination. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT TASKS | 67 10.3 Install Herbaceous Vegetation • Following initial removal of invasive species, and if the native seedbank does not respond sufficiently in variety or coverage, seed with local ecotype native plants. Sample native live plant and seed lists for different plant communities are provided in Appendix H; however, site-specific factors should be considered to refine seed lists and/or live plant lists. In many instances, at a minimum a native grassy cover crop is recommended to create competition with invasive seedlings to give the existing native plants time to expand. Areas can later be overseeded with other forb species to increase diversity and habitat quality. In addition, volunteers can collect native seed and hand sow them in sparse or low diversity areas. Over time, as the ground layer develops, it will help stabilize soils, prevent new invasion by invasive and weedy plants, and restore the site’s ecological composition, structure, and function. • Seeding is less expensive than installing (“plugging”) live plant plugs, but seeding requires more time for establishment. Enhancement plugging can be conducted in select areas if additional species diversity is desired. 10.4 Install Woody Vegetation • Install ecologically appropriate and local ecotype native trees and shrubs. Appendix H provides species lists for native tree and shrub species appropriate for Iowa City parks and natural areas. Protection from deer browsing may be necessary. Native woody plantings can help stabilize and diversify forests, woodlands, and savannas, provide vegetative screening for sensitive wildlife, and initiate a trajectory towards a more natural structure and healthier ecological community. • Direct seeding (e.g., acorns) may be effective in certain areas, but most woody plantings should be bare root or saplings. • Often it is best to not install woody vegetation in the first year or two of restoration and management (see Appendix B, Management Briefs for individual site guidance). Native trees and shrubs can be added after invasive management is completed, if this is needed to create the desired habitat or establish vegetative screening. 10.5 Ecological Monitoring Monitor natural areas response to restoration/enhancement activities so management activities are adjusted accordingly. Monitoring the restoration and management activities at the site will help define the best management schedule and techniques. Monitoring can range from more rapid/simple assessments to more quantitative surveys with detailed reporting. Monitoring costs presented in the management briefs assume an annual walkabout to inspect work, with a brief annual report. 10.6 Prescribed Burning Prescribed burning is an important and cost-effective ecological restoration and management tool – and one that is appropriate for more than just prairie. Many of Iowa City’s natural areas are fire-dependent ecosystems – savanna, woodland, wet meadow – and these areas are most cost-effectively managed with well planned and executed prescribed burns. Prairies should typically be burned approximately every three years. Varying burn units and burn seasons will help maintain the natural heterogeneity of the landscape – patches of light and shade, areas free of brush, and other microhabitats. The City’s Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland is also a fire-dependent system. Many of these wooded areas have abundant oak leaf litter that will carry a low-intensity surface fire, generally only two to three feet in height. These surface fires help remove excess leaf litter and organic duff, control invasive plants not adapted to fire, and stimulate the growth of a multi-functional assemblage of native plants. All together this creates high quality wildlife habitat for pollinators, reptiles, amphibians, and birds to name a few groups that benefit. The City’s Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland should be burned every two to four years, depending on the vegetation and wildlife response to restoration and management. A longer rotation may be possible after the initial restoration work is done. Even the City’s Mesic Forest would benefit from infrequent low-intensity surface fires; however, burning these areas is more challenging due to steep slopes and less important in the short-term because the denser shade here helps to exclude invasive plants. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT TASKS | 68 Prior to any burning, the City should secure the necessary permissions, issue community notifications, and take appropriate precautions to protect desired vegetation and infrastructure. Due to fixed costs associated with burn coordination, site preparation, and execution, small burns are more expensive on a per-acre basis. Fixed costs include mowing burn unit breaks, other burn preparation work, and mobilization of a burn crew. 10.7 Convert Turf to Native Vegetation Some of the City park turf areas may be converted to native prairie or savanna groundlayer vegetation. This conversion of herbaceous vegetation from turf grass to prairie/savanna grasses, sedges, and wildflowers will entail multiple herbicide treatments to kill the existing turf grasses prior to installation of native seed. • Use broadcast herbicide to kill existing lawn and other undesired vegetation. A minimum of two (and likely three) herbicide treatments will be required to control the turf species and achieve performance standards. • Retain and protect existing desirable vegetation, especially the mature native trees, such as oaks. • Once turf species are removed satisfactorily, seed with local ecotype native seed. Appendix H provides sample native seed lists. • Seeding is less expensive than installing live plant plugs, but seeding requires more time for establishment, and some prairie and savanna species are slow to develop. Therefore some species are best installed as live plants. If additional species diversity is desired, enhancement plugging can be conducted in select areas, such as along roads and paths, and near buildings, signage, and other park amenities. While opportunities exist at many parks and natural areas for turf to native groundlayer conversion, the management briefs (Appendix B) do not detail specific conversion locations, acreages and costs. Unit costs provided in Table 9 can be used for estimating the price of these conversions at the level of individual sites. 10.8 Streambank and Ravine Stabilization While streambank and ravine erosion are often seen as localized features, they usually are the result of larger issues upstream or upslope. Impervious cover (roads, parking lots, rooftops, etc.) as well as certain land uses such as lawns (often with compacted soil) and agricultural fields (often containing drain tiles and ditches) can result in rapid runoff. The volume of water, and the rate at which it flows, can cause downcutting of streambeds, bank erosion, and development of head cuts in ravines. For this reason, it is often most effective and sustainable to use a watershed approach to address such erosion problems. While some erosion issues may warrant prompt and localized attention (such as when infrastructure is imminently threatened), stream and ravine stabilization projects can be very costly and may “push the problem downstream” such that erosion is increased elsewhere. A considerable length of ravines, streams, and rivers flow through Iowa City’s parks and natural areas. Streambank stability assessments were conducted by others for the majority of the City’s creeks, including portions of Ralston, Snyder, and Willow Creeks. Some of these findings are illustrated in the site-specific management brief figures (Appendix B). AES recommends that the City look at their flowing water resources, particularly those they have the most control over, such as smaller creeks, and complete watershed plans to identify the source of these erosion problems and develop holistic, sustainable, multi-functional solutions to alleviate future erosion. Stormwater best practices that can help address erosion follow. • Runoff source reduction, which restrains, stores, re-uses, and infiltrates runoff; this can be accomplished by techniques such as rain barrels, cisterns, rain gardens, and bioswales. • Break up connected impervious surfaces to allow runoff to infiltrate and be filtered; rooftop downspouts can be redirected to lawns, for example, rather than to driveways which drain directly to street gutters and inlets. • Create stormwater treatment trains, consisting of sequences of best practices; for example, bioswales to vegetated infiltration basins, to created wetlands; at each step of the train different pollutants are removed and quantities of water managed. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT TASKS | 69 • Provide naturalized stormwater storage facilities, such as stormwater wetlands and ponds; other flood- compatible open space can be designed for temporary runoff storage (e.g., out of play portions of golf courses). • In conjunction with storage areas above, provide rate control to reduce peak flow rates; impervious cover and agricultural drainage increases the frequency of water level rises in streams, a major source of streambank erosion. • Protect or restore floodplains to allow flood storage and to slow flow rates; both measures can reduce downstream flooding. Management briefs provide general information on streambank stability at each site; however, stabilization designs and costs are not addressed. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED CONNECTIVITY | 70 11 Opportunities for Improved Connectivity 11.1 Potential Natural Area Connections Iowa City’s parks and natural areas represent the City’s best and most protected natural habitat. A natural area is land and water that exists in a natural condition, with human use largely limited to foot traffic . Natural areas vary greatly in size, the type of vegetation they contain, and the connections to other natural areas—connections that let species to persist over time. Exhibit 8 illustrates clusters of and potential connections between the City’s parks and natural areas. Site-specific management briefs (Appendix B) list opportunities for connecting each site to nearby natural areas. Some of the City’s larger natural areas (e.g., Hickory Hill Park, Waterworks Prairie Park, Peninsula Park, and Terry Trueblood Recreation Area) already represent large mosaics of natural habitats. Exhibit 8 shows four additional “Natural Area Complexes,” consisting of natural areas in close proximity to one another. Improved connectivity between natural areas can benefit native plants and wildlife, and can complement local and regional trails and greenways enjoyed by people. Connections should be designed to minimize the spread of invasive species (e.g., weed seeds are often dispersed along trail corridors). These connections could be improved over time through partnerships, easements, and fee-title acquisition. 11.2 Potential Waterway Connections Waterways often represent opportunities for connecting natural areas. Waterways, together with their associated, wider floodplain, represent linear aquatic and riparian habitats, and often flow between larger patches of upland natural habitats. Iowa City is fortunate to have numerous watercourses, including many parks and natural areas along them. Exhibit 8 shows several “Waterway Connections,” which connect City parks along the Iowa River, Ralston Creek, Willow Creek, and Snyder Creek. The connections between these natural areas could be enhanced through a variety of strategies, including but not limited to: • Daylighting creeks - taking piped sections of flowing water and restoring them to surface flowing waters • Establishment, enhancement, and/or widening of riparian corridors • Developing ecologically-sensitive trails along waterways to create multi-functional greenways that benefit regional stormwater management, recreational opportunities, and habitat travel corridors. As with the natural area connections discussed above, waterway connections should be designed to minimize the spread of invasive species; enhanced watercourse connections could facilitate the spread of aquatic invasive species, including plants and animals. MONITORING, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING | 71 12 Monitoring, Adaptive Management and Training 12.1 Ecological Monitoring and Adaptive Management Monitoring of vegetation, wildlife, and areas prone to erosion provides information to evaluate and justify proposed changes to the restoration and enhancement program, including implementation of stormwater best practices. As discussed previously, this “adaptive management” sets in motion a cycle of evaluation, adjustment, and refinement to make maintenance activities most effective. It is important that adaptive management begins when restoration and enhancement projects begin. It requires upfront planning and baseline data collection. Monitoring should be simple and relatively easy to implement, although plant or animal identification skills are usually required. Ecological monitoring provides an objective measurement of project-specific performance standards. It feeds data into the adaptive management plan for the site. Monitoring and reporting should be done more frequently at the onset of project implementation, after which frequency can be reduced over time to an intermittent level. 12.2 Specialized Training Regarding implementation of field restoration and management activities, specialized training, oversight, and guidance often involves licensing or certification where required by local, state, or federal law. Personnel involved in ecological restoration and management, especially prescribed burning, herbicide application, brush control, seed collection, erosion control, and ecological monitoring should receive training commensurate with the activity in which they would be involved. Training is especially important for those activities that may have risk and safety implications to people, property, and sensitive cultural resources. While useful data can be collected by amateurs, ecological monitoring protocols often require a moderate level of expertise to implement accurately and consistently. Implementing monitoring programs may require expertise in plant and wildlife identification, as well as a working understanding of erosion processes and potential solutions. The City may wish to partner with the University of Iowa, other educational institutions, state agencies, the Johnson County Conservation District, Iowa Ornithologists Union, or other partners to assist with monitoring and reporting. Consulting ecologists can also be used to provide these services. USE OF VOLUNTEERS FOR MONITORING OR MANAGEMENT | 72 13 Use of Volunteers for Monitoring or Management Many benefits can arise from engaging volunteers in a City’s natural resources management program. • The public learns about natural resources, increasing their awareness and appreciation of natural areas and the natural world • Valuable data can be collected for baseline and trend monitoring • Cost-savings to the City through volunteer labor and in-kind match for grants • Building community Volunteer efforts may involve physical labor (e.g., planting trees, removing invasive species) or monitoring/ research (e.g., field observations, data collection, and data analysis). Many volunteer activities require oversight by trained volunteers, City staff, or outside experts. Volunteer monitoring/research advances knowledge and builds public support for natural resource programs. One form of citizen engagement that has benefitted many communities is organizing and conducting a “bioblitz.” A bioblitz is a 24-hour period when volunteers, supported by experts, document all living species in a given area (e.g., a park). Bioblitzes help gather baseline data on plants and animals, while letting people discover the natural world around them. It also gives participants an opportunity to participate in scientific research. Bioblitzes also bolster more systematic monitoring of vegetation, water and wildlife resources. Volunteers can assist in a variety of tasks, and with additional training and oversight they can accomplish even more. Some volunteer tasks may be one-time events, and other tasks may be repeated over time by dedicated volunteer stewards. Table 7 summarizes natural resource management tasks for which volunteers can provide assistance. Table 7. Use of Volunteers for Different Management Tasks. Management Task Volunteer Role Generally Appropriate Appropriate with Training & Oversight Generally Not Appropriate Native seed collection & sowing X Installation of live trees, shrubs, herbaceous plugs X Hand-pulling invasive plants X Dragging buckthorn/brush X Cutting buckthorn/brush X Simple ecological monitoring X Management mowing X Herbicide application X Prescribed burning X Slope stabilization X Construction of water projects and best practices X Technical ecological monitoring X Although assistance by volunteers has no direct cost, the staff time for organizing, training, equipping, and supervising volunteer events is a cost, as are materials (e.g., tools, safety equipment, food and beverage). Thoughtfully planned and executed volunteer programs will help reach the desired audience of potential volunteers, engage them in safe and productive work, and have them return to volunteer with the City again. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT PRIORITIZATION, PHASING AND COSTS | 73 14 Restoration and Management Prioritization, Phasing and Costs 14.1 City-wide Restoration and Management Priorities and Costs There are many ways to approach prioritization of natural areas management. Priorities can be based on sites of great interest, such as high-use parks or high-value natural areas. They can focus on plant communities, such as addressing forests before grasslands, or target the worst invasive species threats, such as Amur honeysuckle. Working closely with Iowa City staff, priorities for executing management tasks are in the following order: 1. Manage areas where natural resource investments have already been made by the City; 2. Address early invasions of the highest quality natural areas; 3. Expand invasives management to moderate quality natural areas; and 4. Restore and enhance remaining natural areas, first attending to “Go Wild” parks, then other non-park natural areas. Planning and implementing ecological restoration and management requires an understanding of cost. Through discussions with the City, it was decided that the following scenario be explored: a budget of approximately $100,000/year for 10 years, which assumes the City contributes approximately $75,000/year and the remaining $25,000/year is acquired through grants or other sources. We also assumed a 2 percent annual rate of inflation. Appendix I summarizes the outcome of the above City-wide prioritization and funding scenario, including a preliminary schedule and opinions of probable cost for initial restoration and perpetual management through 2027. As indicated in the appendix, using the $100,000/year budget, restoration and management efforts can only begin in a portion of the City’s top priority natural areas during the coming decade. However, because 20 of the sites are about three acres or smaller, it is feasible that City staff, interns, and volunteers could address those areas, making progress on additional sites in the short-term. Many assumptions are embedded in the opinions of probable cost presented in Appendix I. These costs should therefore be viewed as preliminary estimates. Costs presented represent those if private, specialized ecological contractors and consultants performed the restoration and enhancement work. Volunteers, partnerships with other organizations, donation of materials, and use of City staff time can reduce these costs. Regardless of the implementation approach, close supervision of all steps (including material acquisition, installation, and management) is prudent to ensure work is done properly and restoration and enhancement goals are achieved. Changes in approach, the response of plant communities, funding cycles, partnership goals, volunteer involvement, and emerging opportunities may justify modification of scope and schedule. As always, adaptive management should be used to provide the best, most cost-effective results. 14.2 Site-scale Restoration, Management Units, Phasing and Costs As mentioned previously, a site-specific management brief for each of the 42 sites is included in Appendix B. Each management brief includes initial restoration and management recommendations and an associated opinion of probable cost. At an individual site scale, ecological restoration and management is often conducted in a given area or “management unit.” Small sites may be treated as a single management unit, but larger sites are often subdivided to facilitate implementation of restoration/management tasks in areas with similar management needs and proposed uses. Management units are also used to phase projects over time, often necessitated by annual budgets, or to provide refuges for invertebrates during and after prescribed fires. Management units often consist of a single plant community type (like forest), but they may contain a variety of plant communities. Management unit boundaries are typically delineated along existing roads/trails, plant community edges, or topographic breaks. Management units have not been defined for the City’s 42 parks and natural areas identified in this report, but many of the smaller parks and natural areas could be managed easily as a single unit. Defining management units in larger natural areas would be done when more detailed site- specific natural resource management plans are completed. Restoration and short-term management tasks generally include site preparation, brushing and thinning (in wooded communities), weed control, native seeding and planting, and ecological monitoring and reporting. For illustration purposes, Table 8 shows a typical restoration and short-term management program for the initial three-year establishment of a given restoration project. However, restoration within a particular management unit will require a more detailed scope and will often follow a slightly different schedule. RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT PRIORITIZATION, PHASING AND COSTS | 74 Table 8. Generalized Restoration and Management for a Given Project Area Task Description/Subtask Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 SpringSummerFallWinterSpringSummerFallWinterSpringSummerFallWinterSite Preparation (all zones) Broadcast herbicide, till, spot herbicide, and/or mow Brushing & Thinning (upland zones) Cut & stump treat invasive woody plants Remove or selectively thin aggressive native woody plants Weed Control (all zones) Optional prescribed burn (prep burn either late Summer, Fall or Spring) Spot herbicide and/or spot mow Foliar herbicide non-native woody re-growth Seeding & Planting (all zones, where weed control adequate; if weed control achieved sooner, plantings can be installed sooner) Install native seed Install live woody plants when dormant Install live herbaceous plants Ecological Monitoring & Reporting (all zones) Assess/document site, and prepare year-end summary report While there are many variables that can significantly influence unit costs (e.g., size of area being addressed, existing site conditions, slopes), Table 9 generalized costs for professionally contracted work are provided for early planning purposes. Some of these costs also relate to perpetual management tasks, discussed below. Table 9. Generalized Ecological Restoration & Management Unit Costs Task Unit Unit Cost Range Brushing (cut and stump treat)acre $1,500-$3,500 Foliar spray young woody brush acre $200-400 Broadcast herbicide acre/trip $175-300 Spot herbicide acre/trip $200-400 Mowing acre/trip $150-350 Prescribed burn (min. 3 ac)acre $300-700 Tilling acre $150-350 Native seed (material only)acre $200-$1,100 Native seeding (no-till drill, labor only)acre $200-500 Native seeding (hand-broadcast, labor only)acre $300-600 Straw mulch (spread and crimp)acre $600-900 Installed live herbaceous plant plug each $3-7 Installed shrub (2-gallon pot)each $25-40 Installed shrub (5-gallon pot)each $45-60 Installed tree (10-gallon pot or 2” ball & burlap)each $150-250, $300-600 PERPETUAL MANAGEMENT | 75 15 Perpetual Management 15.1 Perpetual Management Tasks Perpetual management is essential to restoring and maintaining the composition, structure, and function of healthy native ecosystems. Perpetual management begins after initial restoration work is completed. The two primary perpetual management tasks are: Weed Control • Control invasive, non-native herbaceous vegetation, primarily with appropriate spot herbicide applications. Cutting of invasive woody vegetation may also be necessary in some areas. Plant communities proposed for prairie restoration may employ haying or mowing if prescribed burning is not feasible. Mowing is less effective than haying because it does not remove plant material; over time the accumulated organic matter results in nutrient enrichment, which can favor invasive plants. Prescribed Burning • Prescribed burning is a very cost-effective management tool for many native plant communities, including not only prairies but also wet meadows and some woodlands and forests. Generally, perpetual management burns are conducted on a rotational basis, beginning with the fall or spring following the third full year of growth after seeding. In order to mimic natural fire regimes, burns should extend across habitat gradients (e.g., burning from prairies into adjacent wetlands) when feasible. 15.2 Perpetual Management Schedule Perpetual management tasks (Table 10) are repeated at different intervals for different plant communities to ensure that healthy restored plant communities are maintained over the long term. The following table provides general guidelines regarding the frequency of different management tasks in different plant communities. Table 10. Perpetual Management Schedule Plant Community Task Frequency (once every X years) Prescribed Burning Weed Control (Spot Herbicide) Remedial Seeding/ Planting Detailed Monitoring & Reporting Upland Forest/Woodland 3-5 3-4 5 1 Lowland Forest/Woodland NA 2-3 5 1 Savanna/Prairie 2-3 2-3 3-5 1 Wet Meadow 2-3 1-2 3-5 1 Marsh 2-3 2-3 3-5 1 Open Water (Pond)NA NA NA NA NA = not applicable Schedule assumes that prescribed burning will be employed as a restoration and management technique. If prescribed burning is not employed, haying should be used in prairie areas to remove accumulating plant material. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 76 16 City Policy and Ordinance Recommendations This section makes recommendations to improve Iowa City’s STAR Rating and revise its policies and ordinances. The two assessment methods, STAR and the Center for Watershed Protection’s Worksheet, are complementary, but each calls for somewhat different recommendations. The City’s ordinances that regulate development and protect natural resources can be viewed at http://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_ id=953. 16.1 Recommendations for Improving the STAR Rating 16.1.1 Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2) This category is intended to prevent extinctions of native species and to control invasive species that negatively affect natural communities. The City is to identify three federally threatened or endangered species and three highly invasive and problematic species to work on and achieve the three outcomes. The outcomes are specified by the STAR Rating System. • Outcome 1. Threatened Species. This outcome is focused on helping federal endangered and threatened species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reports that Johnson County potentially harbors seven federally-listed species (Table 5). Of those, three may be present in the City and the City can directly affect them through its own actions: rusty patch bumble bee (Bombus affinis), Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), Northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis). STAR offers options to achieve each outcome. AES recommends STAR’s Option A because it is straight-forward, while Option B requires a completed Species Recovery Plan, which is lacking for these species. To earn full credit under Option A, one threatened or endangered species should reach an “optimal population size” any time in the last five years. A rule of thumb in population biology is that a species with 200 interbreeding individuals (plus non-essential extras, like bachelors) has a high probability of persisting for 100 years. Also for Option A, STAR requires annual monitoring of one threatened or endangered species to detect whether its population is increasing, stable, or decreasing in the City. The City will implement option A in the following way. 1. Complete a survey of potential habitat for rusty patch bumble bee to determine if it is present and what its abundance is at locations where it occurs. The rusty patched bumble bee uses sunny, forb-rich areas, like diverse prairies and wet meadows. 2. Use a metric to record abundance, such as number of bees seen on a transect, and conduct the survey each year for five years at the optimal flight time. 3. Assess whether abundance his increased, decreased, or remained stable. Improvement in the species will come as prairie acres increase and quality improves in the City. 4. In time the City can complete a survey for the bats. The Natural Areas Plan identified the large, better quality upland forest areas in the City, which is the most likely habitat for Northern long-eared bat. This bat flies through forests gleaning and hawking insects from understory trees and shrubs. Forests along Ralston Creek and other waterways may harbor the Indiana bat, which forages for insects in forests and at forest edges in the vicinity of streams. Outcome 2. Habitat Conservation and Connectivity. This outcome also helps threatened and endangered species. The STAR program asks that the City document in a five-year period no net loss in the acres of habitat used by one of the threatened or endangered species discussed above. Adequately restored habitat may be included in the total. Alternately, the City can increase connections among habitats. AES recommends that the City start by documenting that habitat is not being lost before beginning work on connecting habitats. The City will implement the effort in the following way. 1. The Natural Areas Plan used a 2016 baseline aerial photo to map and describe all plant communities on select City parks and natural areas. The City would identify the plant communities used by rusty patched bumblebee. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 77 2. In 2021 obtain a new aerial photo and re-map the plant communities used by this species. 3. Compare the size of habitat for the target species in the 2016 to 2021 photos. If the habitat is stable or increasing, this outcome will be achieved. Outcome 3. Invasive Species Management. This outcome manages invasive species in order to protect and restore the City’s ecosystems. The STAR program requires that one invasive species among the three top candidates be in decline or eradicated over a 5-year period within critical areas or habitats. The Natural Areas Plan identified the presence of 31 invasive plant species, most of which invasive plants in Johnson County. Of the invasive plants, several are widespread and pernicious in their effects on natural areas (see Table 3). The City chose Amur honeysuckle as the top invasive plant to work on, which the City already is doing. Two other species the City chose to address as part of the STAR efforts in the future are wild parsnip and Japanese hops. The City will implement this effort in the following way. 1. Use the Natural Areas Plan as the baseline to document changes in the abundance of Amur honeysuckle. The AES abundance class for Amur honeysuckle in a plant community and the quality rank of the plant community in which it grows is a metric of this plant’s current status at a site. 2. As control measures are implemented, revisit those locations in five years and to re-score the plant community for the abundance of Amur honeysuckle and the quality rank. If the abundance is lower and the quality rank higher, the control effort was successful. 3. Aggregate these for all locations where Amur honeysuckle is a problem to arrive at a City-wide assessment of trends. Changes in abundance over a five-year period can be shown in a table and on a map. STAR Local Actions for Biodiversity and Invasive Species. The STAR Rating System requires that local actions be taken for biodiversity and invasive species in the following ways: Action 1: Plan Development The City’s Natural Areas Plan satisfies this action. Its main components are a high-level system-wide natural resources management plan, and Natural Resource Management Briefs for all 42 City properties studied. The Natural Areas Plan, when implemented, will minimize damage from invasive plants, enhance biodiversity, and improve ecosystem services in City natural areas. Action 2: Policy and Code Adjustment STAR policy and code adjustments for Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2) are supported by the Natural Areas Plan. Recommendations for policy and code changes addressing STAR requirements are below. Rusty patched bumble bee habitat • Promote the protection, expansion, and improvement of forb-rich prairies and native plantings on public land. • Encourage private efforts to protect, expand, and improve forb-rich prairies and native plantings. • Avoid use of neonicotinoid pesticides and other chemicals known to harm bees. Indiana bat and Northern long-eared bat protection • Prohibit removal of potential roosting trees in potential habitat on public land. • In new developments on private land, and on all public land, protect known roost trees and trees within 150 feet of a known roost from June 1 through July 31; this will prevent the death of mothers with young bats at the roost. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 78 Invasive species control • Prohibit the sale or distribution of the 31 invasive plants within the City limits; many are noxious weeds due to the harm they cause to agriculture and forestry; public safety is an issue (e.g., screening issues along paths, skin rashes from wild parsnip), and protecting the public’s capital investment in natural areas, including restored areas, is good policy. Phase in the prohibition on the sale of invasive honeysuckles. Use of native plant species • Require the use of native plants and non-spreading horticultural plants in new developments. • Require that projects on public lands only use natives and non-invasive horticultural plants in landscaping. • Educate residents on the importance of native plants and the problems of invasive plants. • Complete a comprehensive invasive species plan for the City, focusing on the three plant species discussed above. • Specify how to track invasive plant control efforts and enforce a native plant ordinance. • Modify the weed control ordinance to increase the height allowed in tall native plantings on individual lots to 4 feet, as long as the plantings are maintained to a standard of quality. 16.1.2 Natural Resource Protection (NS-3) This Natural Areas Plan accomplishes the STAR program’s preliminary step of identifying all natural resource areas on public lands. Those on private lands have yet to be identified. Outcome 1. Natural Resource Areas. The STAR program targets are to have 20 acres of natural resource areas per 1,000 residents, or 11.5 percent of the City’s land surface in natural resource areas. Within the 42 parks and natural areas included in this study, there are approximately 1,060 acres of natural land cover (Table 2). Given Iowa City’s population of approximately 75,000 people, the goal STAR goal equates to 1,500 acres of natural resources. Given the natural areas outside of this project’s study area (including forests in the northern portion of the City), it appears that Iowa City exceeds this goal. Outcome 2. Wetlands, Streams, and Shoreline Buffers. No net loss is the goal for these natural systems. This Natural Areas Plan documented wetlands on City lands, as well as some streams. Shorelines refer to lakes in the STAR Rating System, which are not present on in the City’s natural areas. As described for endangered species habitat tracking above, maps of these areas can be created from the Natural Areas Plan data, and the acres tracked over a 5-year period. Outcome 3. Connectivity. This STAR program outcome depends on the City developing a city-wide conservation plan identifying the regional natural system network of large natural areas and connectable natural lands nearby or between them. With the majority of the City developed, these connections will primarily be along river and stream corridors and in ravines. Small natural areas can be included if they can be connected. The Natural Areas Plan provides information on the large natural areas on City land, to which must be added those on private lands for a complete picture of the natural landscape. Exhibit 8 illustrates some of the City’s natural areas and potential connections. The STAR program asks that this natural system network be increased or restored over a 5-year period from a baseline. The City will implement this outcome in the following way. 1. Complete a city-wide conservation plan, including both public and private lands. 2. Create a baseline map of the natural system network and a table of acres in the network. 3. In five years, after working on connecting the system or restoring portions of the system, obtain a current aerial photograph and re-draw the system, as described for threatened species habitat changes. Acres can be calculated and compared to 2016 data. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 79 Outcome 4. Restoration. The STAR program used a complicated metric to determine if the amount of restored land in the City is increasing. AES recommends using Option A because it is supported by the Natural Areas Plan and slightly easier to calculate. The City will implement the outcome in the following way. 1. Tally the acres of plant communities from maps of natural areas and subtract areas that are excellent to good quality (A and B); 2. Identify and tally lands already under regular management; the STAR program may consider that a form of restoration and give the City credit for it. 3. For plant communities with a moderate or poor quality rank (C or D), use management to increase the quality rank to good-moderate (BC). These are the City’s restoration targets. 4. In five years, revisit areas being managed, assign a new quality rank, and compare to the 2016 quality rank; these two ranks for all areas re-visited can be submitted to STAR as verification of Outcome 4. STAR Local Actions for Natural Resource Protection. The STAR Rating System requires that local actions be taken for natural resource protection in the following ways: Action 1: Plan Development The Natural Areas Plan, with the identification and quality ranking of natural plant communities, is the foundation for a city-wide conservation plan. Natural plant communities on private lands, connections among natural areas, and protective buffers are included in a city-wide conservation plan. Action 2: Policy and Code Adjustments STAR policy and code adjustments for Biodiversity and Invasive Species (NS-2) are supported by the Natural Areas Plan. Recommendations for policy and code changes addressing STAR requirements are below. • Expand the City’s stream buffer ordinance to include all wetlands, streams and lake shorelines in the City. • Include in the ordinance an update of wetlands mapping for the City. • Under the ordinance, establish a vegetated water quality buffer, averaging 25 feet wide, around all wetlands, streams and lake shorelines. • Review stream buffer ordinances from other municipalities for ideas on how to improve the existing City ordinance. • To improve water quality on public lands, reduce mowing to twice a year for brush removal and invasive plant control near bodies of water. Action 3: Partnerships and Collaboration A Parks Commission should be designated and take on the role of an advisory board to inform land conservation and restoration activities, which is the intent of this action. Natural Areas Plan data will help theParks Commission set priorities, determine and improve restoration and management approaches, and identify and secure resources to carry out the work. 16.2 Recommendations for Improving the Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet Score The Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet is a tool to identify ways the City can adjust its policies and ordinances to achieve the goal of protecting natural resources and green infrastructure. In only three instances (out of many indicators), Iowa City’s policies and practices do not allow for measures called for in the Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet. Over time, however, the City can implement other measures which will both improve water quality and natural resources and also increase the Center for Watershed Protection score. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 80 16.2.1 Natural Area and Significant Tree Protection These recommendations focus on reducing the loss of and damage to natural vegetation and large trees in the City during new development and redevelopment projects. General Development Pattern • Establish incentives for developers to conserve and privately manage non-regulated land, • Give developers incentives and flexibility to meet regulatory and conservation requirements, such as: o Give a density bonus of extra lots for designs that protect natural areas and improve water quality, o Make conservation design and low-impact development (LID) applications no more difficult than conventional applications, o Allow developers to average buffer widths rather than requiring a fixed width everywhere; • Incentivize and increase density in designated areas of the City, • Support conservation design and LID communities in the City’s comprehensive plan. Lot Development The ways that lots are designed can reduce losses to natural vegetation and significant trees. The City already allows open space design, which is a proven approach to protect natural vegetation and significant trees. Measures to promote environmentally compatible lot development are: • Ensure that submittal and review of open space design is no more complicated than for traditional design, • Allow open space design by right and not solely as an overlay district, • Establish enforceable associations to manage open space, • Require that a minimum percentage of the developed site be managed by the developer in natural conditions, and • Allow natural space to be protected by third parties under terms of an easement and management plan. Conservation of Natural Areas The City’s approach to protecting natural areas could be enhanced by: • Requiring the preservation of natural vegetation at residential sites, and • Establishing and enforcing the limits of disturbance during construction. Other Natural Area Protections The City has a general requirement that wooded areas be protected in development projects, and that trees intended to be retained be protected from collision and root compaction within a tree’s drip line during the construction process. Other measures to protect natural areas and significant trees are: • Set preservation targets for natural areas and wetlands in a City-wide conservation plan, • Identify and protect areas to buffer and connect natural areas, • Incentivize the restoration of natural areas on public and private lands, • Expand the existing prairie burning ordinance to allow prescribed burns in other habitats if a natural resource management plan has been written, and • Implement a tree management ordinance that requires the protection and replacement of a proportion of the mature tree canopy removed by development. CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 81 16.2.2 Vegetation Management These recommendations focus on existing developments and natural lands in the City and promote management of disease, pests and undesirable plants. Removing Disease-Prone and Disease Vector Trees and Shrubs All individuals of all species of elm and ash (Ulmus spp., Fraxinus spp.) are susceptible to early death due to fungal disease and insect pests. Young individuals of these trees generally are less susceptible, but in time often succumb. Other tree species are affected by disease and pests to a lesser extent, or the disease is not fatal to all individuals of the species. In these cases, individual stands of trees may be affected, while other stands remain healthy. This includes oak wilt and bur oak blight, each caused by a fungus, as well the butternut canker, another fungal disease. Drought, damage to the tree trunk, and compaction of the tree rooting zone can precipitate or exacerbate an infection by weakening a tree. One should not over-react to information about tree diseases and pests. The forestry community is concerned with and diligently tracks tree diseases and pests because of potential damages to tree regeneration and production. Yet trees have co-existed with fungal diseases and insect pests for millennia in North America. Pest and fungal species such a gypsy moth, emerald ash borer, and elm blight are another matter because native trees did not co-evolve with these introduced diseases and pests. The Iowa DNR maintains a website with up-to- date information on forest diseases and pests (http://www.iowadnr.gov/Conservation/Forestry/Forest-Health). Some plant species are alternate hosts of fungal diseases affecting crops. Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) harbors the wheat rust, which can devastate wheat crops in its vicinity. Common buckthorn is the alternate host for the oat crown rust and the alfalfa mosaic virus. Policy and ordinance changes that could reduce these problems are: • Establish a trapping program to detect the presence of emerald ash borer and gauge the level of infestation, • Prohibit the planting of ash as street and park trees, • Direct the City to diversify the species used in street tree plantings, • Form a partnership with the Iowa DNR to create a plan to remove ash trees from public lands before the borer becomes an issue, and • Mandate the removal of barberry and buckthorn from public lands in the vicinity of traditional wheat and oat production areas. Controlling Invasive and Noxious Plants and Weeds These recommendations focus on managing plants which damage natural vegetation, are declared noxious weeds in Johnson County, or are viewed as weeds in the City. The City allows well-managed prairies on private property, but has weed height restrictions. Invasive plants are addressed by the STAR program, discussed below. Policy and ordinance changes that could address this issue are: • Mandate control of the most invasive plants on public lands, • Mandate control of noxious weeds on public lands, and • Specify the percent of invasive or noxious weeds allowable in a prairie restoration in the City to quality for an exemption under the weed height ordinance. 16.2.3 Stream and Waterway Protection These recommendations focus on reducing the effect of impervious cover, a major cause of stream and waterway degradation, and on protecting streams with adequate buffers. Residential Streets and Parking Lots Reducing the extent and effects of impervious cover is the most effective way to protect streams, waterways, and other bodies of water. Center for Watershed Protection guidance suggests the City can improve by: CITY POLICY AND ORDINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS | 82 • Reducing the standard street width to 18 to 22 feet or less for roads with fewer than 500 average daily trips (ADT), • Reducing the overall street length through layout efficiencies, • Reducing turning ratios for cul-de-sacs, • Identifying areas where vegetated swales could be used rather than curb and gutter, • Reducing parking ratios for office buildings and making parking requirements minimum needed rather than maximum anticipated, • Allowing shared parking arrangements and stall reductions where shared parking is allowed or mass transit is provided. A mass transit option is available with buses operated by Iowa City transit; this is an easy change to adopt and would encourage people to make alternative transportation choices, • Requiring that more than 30 percent of spaces at large commercial parking lots be dedicated to compact cars, • Allowing pervious materials for spillover parking areas used only during peak-use days, • Encouraging structured parking, • Requiring that a minimum percentage of the parking lot area be landscaped. Landscaping will both mitigate the heat island effect and allow room for best stormwater practices to be installed. Lot Development The City performed well in the required setbacks and frontages, but should consider reducing side setbacks to eight feet or less. The City could improve ordinances related to sidewalks, driveways, and lot drainage. The City’s Complete Streets policy, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance measures, and traditional practices do not allow for sidewalk widths of less than five feet, sidewalks on one side of a street, and sloping of sidewalks away from the street and towards front lawns, as recommended in the Center for Watershed Protection Worksheet. • Allow non-paved trails as part of the sidewalk network, • Reduce minimum driveway widths to nine feet for single lanes and 18 feet for two-lanes, • Allow shared driveways and “two track” designs, and • Modify drainage requirements to allow temporary ponding of driveway runoff on front yards or rooftops, rather than shunting it directly to the street. Conservation of Natural Areas and Streams. In new developments there are several measures which can increase the conservation of natural areas and protection of streams. The City’s existing stream buffer requirements could be expanded to increase protection of water quality and riparian habitat. • Increase the stream buffer width to at least 75 feet, • Require that at least part of stream buffers be maintained in native vegetation, • Describe allowable uses for stream buffers, • Specify enforcement and educational mechanisms, • Require that stormwater be treated for quality before discharge to water bodies by using stormwater treatment trains and stormwater best practices, as described in the Iowa Stormwater Manual; and • Complete a watershed management plan for each of the City’s major watersheds; the City’s MS4 permit now requires an element of watershed planning, but project implementation to achieve reductions in runoff volume and sediment and nutrient inputs to the City’s waters will require more in-depth study of issues on a watershed by watershed basis. PUBLIC OUTREACH & INTERPRETATION | 83 17 Public Outreach & Interpretation Many of Iowa City’s parks and natural areas provide important opportunities to capitalize on public outreach and interpretation. Several strategies can simultaneously address both of these goals. Some strategies that have been used effectively in similar cities follow. 17.1 Outreach Strategies • Partnerships. The City’s location and goals for its natural areas present many opportunities for partnering. Some suggestions follow. o University of Iowa, Coe College, other nearby colleges, and local schools (use the Park as a living laboratory, for research, and repeat monitoring) o Johnson County Conservation District o Develop a friends group for specific parks (such as the existing Friends of Hickory Hill Park) o Iowa Ornithologists’ Union o Iowa Native Plant Society o The Xerxes Society (butterflies) • Bioblitz. Many communities have collected valuable data by sponsoring a bioblitz. A bioblitz is typically a 24-hour period when professionals and volunteers document all living species within a given area, such as a public park. A bioblitz helps to gather important baseline and ongoing monitoring data on plants and animals in a specific area, while also engaging people in discovery of the natural world and scientific research in the company of experts. Holding a bioblitz at City parks (phased in over time) could be an effective way of engaging the community and collecting valuable baseline data for comparison with post-restoration data. • Art. Select artists to install temporary or permanent works of art celebrating the natural and cultural history of Iowa City and its natural resources. Outdoor art (e.g., sculptures) could be installed in highly visible locations, and other art (e.g., paintings, photography) could be displayed inside more sheltered/ secure City facilities. • Internet. The City could expand its parks web page to include more, and regularly-updated, content (e.g., “What’s blooming at Ryerson’s Woods this week”). 17.2 Interpretation Strategies • Interpretive signage or interactive kiosks, addressing: o Regional natural history: Iowa River Valley, glacial history of the region, and watersheds; o History of individual parks and natural areas; o Cultural history: Native Americans, early white ethnic groups, agricultural communities; o Native ecosystems: Specifically those being restored to the site—forest, woodland, savanna, and prairie; o Ecological restoration and management practices; o Wildlife and their habitats; and o Naturalized stormwater treatment train. • Tree and plant identification signs • Raptor and other bird silhouettes and information at observation points • Environmental day camp • Geocaching STAFFING RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES | 84 18 Staffing Recommendations and Funding Opportunities 18.1 Staffing Recommendations Based on Iowa City’s existing natural areas and natural resources staff capacity, AES recommends one new full-time Natural Resources Specialist be hired to move this restoration and management plan forward. This individual should have training and certification in herbicide application and prescribed burning, and the ability to organize and manage volunteers. In additional to existing seasonal staff, the full-time Natural Resources Specialist should have the full use of two or more seasonal assistants from mid-May through mid-September. Full-time staff and seasonal assistant compensation is not included in the opinions of probable cost presented in Appendix I. Those costs assume that private ecological contractors execute the work. Cost savings can be achieved by conducting work with City staff/equipment, volunteers, and partners. 18.2 Funding Opportunities Securing financial resources – both for initial restoration efforts and perpetual management – is critical to the long-term success of any restoration plan. To augment the City’s existing financial resources, the following entities or programs may provide funds to help the City implement this plan. Iowa Department of Natural Resources • Resource Enhancement and Protection (REAP) – City Parks and Open Spaces. State grant program for planning, conservation, restoration and management of natural areas. More information is available at: www.iowadnr.gov/conservation/reap/reap-grants/ • Land & Water Conservation Fund (LWCF). Federal program administered by the state, requiring a 1:1 match, which can be met using other grant funds, including REAP. More information is available at: http://www.iowadnr.gov/About-DNR/Grants-Other-Funding/Land-Water-Conservation-Fund • State Revolving Fund (SRF) Sponsorship Project. State low-interest loan program with large funds available. More information is available at: http://www.iowadnr.gov/Environmental-Protection/Water-Quality/Wastewater-Construction/State- Revolving-Fund • Wildlife Diversity Program. The Iowa DNR’s Wildlife Diversity Program provides grants though its Habitat Management Grants Program and Small Grants Program. More information and grant application instructions can be found at: http://www.iowadnr.gov/Conservation/Iowas-Wildlife/Wildlife-Diversity-Program/Wildlife-Grant- Opportunities National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) • Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Grant. This partnership grant focuses on water quality issues in priority watersheds, such as erosion due to unstable streambanks, pollution from stormwater runoff, and degraded shorelines caused by development. More information is available at: http://www.nfwf. org/fivestar/Pages/home.aspx • Pulling Together Initiative. Modest grants to help local communities effectively manage invasive vegetation. More information is available at: http://www.nfwf.org/pti/Pages/home.aspx • Monarch Butterfly Conservation Fund. A recently initiated program to protect and increase habitat for monarch butterflies on the breeding grounds and along their migration routes, and to educate people about this incredible species. More information is available at: http://www.nfwf.org/monarch/Pages/ home.aspx STAFFING RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES | 85 Federal and State Agencies with Watershed-Related Grants • Watershed Improvement Funding Sources. A variety of programs can help fund watershed improvement projects. Programs most applicable to Iowa City ecological restoration and management include: Iowa Watershed Protection Program, Farmable Wetland Program, Grassland Reserve Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, Targeted Watershed Grants, and Section 319 Clean Water Act. More information is available at: http://www.iowadnr.gov/portals/idnr/uploads/water/watershed/files/fundinglist.pdf?amp;tabid=762 Trees Forever • Trees Forever Project Funding. This Iowa-based conservation nonprofit provides several programs that assist with environmental projects. More information is available at: http://www.treesforever.org/fund Public-Private Initiatives • Private Recognition. Iowa City may want to explore opportunities for private individuals or entities (e.g., corporations) to fund restoration work in exchange for recognition (e.g., naming rights, plaques). CONCLUSION | 86 19 Conclusion Iowa City is fortunate to have over 1,500 acres of parks and natural areas, harboring several high quality, large examples of ecosystems native to central Iowa. These parks and natural areas are valuable amenities for the community, and provide important ecosystem services. On the other hand, land alteration, erosion, and colonization by invasive species have compromised the functions and value of the City’s natural resources. The ecological restoration and management tasks described in this plan can reverse that situation and help achieve the City’s conservation goals. Next steps in the implementation of this management plan would be: • Confirm the City’s prioritization of projects that will be undertaken over the coming decade (Appendix I); • Refine the details of priority projects to the extent necessary to solicit bids; • Form a bid package development team of the City and any project partners; • Identify a City project coordinator in charge of producing, releasing, awarding, and managing the bid and subsequent oversight of task execution by the selected contractor; • Determine the phases of construction, including tasks to be performed by City staff, other partners, low- cost labor, and volunteers; • Develop and release bid package(s) based on the tasks, acres, and performance standards customized for individual projects; prime vendors should be sought with demonstrable and extensive experience in ecological restoration and stormwater best practice construction; • Award the contract(s) and oversee the work; • After the first year of restoration work, collect subsequent monitoring data for comparison with baseline data (data to support STAR scoring should also be collected for five years); • Conduct an annual walk-about to inspect and evaluate the restoration work; • Write a first year restoration monitoring report at the end of 2018, and compare data to baseline data collected in 2017; the report should document all problems, propose solution, and schedule tasks for the 2019 growing season (STAR reporting occurs at the end of the fifth year); and • Hold a celebration of progress and initial success. This Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan, carried out by qualified restoration specialists and evaluated annually through ecological monitoring and adaptive management, will help to ensure that the City will create and pass on to future generations healthy ecosystems and wildlife populations for the enjoyment of all and the benefit of nature. This experience with the restoration of natural areas may be helpful to move restoration of other urban green spaces ahead, including on private lands, and over time elevate all the green spaces of the City to greater ecological functionality and resilience, to the benefit of the entire community. REFERENCES & RESOURCES CONSULTED | 87 20 References & Resources Consulted Alstad, A. O., E. I. Damschen, T. J. Givnish, J. A. Harrington, M. K. Leach, D. A. Rogers, D. M. Waller, The pace of plant community change is accelerating in remnant prairies. Sci. Adv. 2, e1500975 (2016). Belmont, P., K.B. Gran, S.P. Schottler, P.R. Wilcock, S.S. Day, C. Jennings, J.W. Lauer, E. Viparelli, J.K. Willenbring, D.R. Engstrom and G. Parker. 2011. Large shift in source of fine sediment in the Upper Mississippi River. Environmental Science & Technology 45:8804-8810. Bentrup, G. 2008. Conservation buffers: design guidelines for buffers, corridors, and greenways. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-109. Asheville, NC: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 110 p. Chapman, S.S., Omernik, J.M., Griffith, G.E., Schroeder, W.A., Nigh, T.A., and Wilton, T.F., 2002, Ecoregions of Iowa and Missouri (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale 1:1,800,000). Chen, I-C., J.K. Hill, R. Ohlemüller, D.B. Roy and C.D. Thomas. 2011. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 333:1024-1026. Center for Watershed Protection. 1998a. A Comprehensive Guide for Managing Urbanizing Watersheds. Prepared for USEPA Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds and Region V. Ellicott City, MD. Center for Watershed Protection. 1998b. Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community. Prepared for the Site Planning Roundtable, August, 1998. Ellicott City, MD. Costanza, R., H. Daly, C. Folke, P. Hawken, C.S. Holling, A.J. McMichael, D. Pimentel and D. Rapport. 2000. Managing our environmental portfolio. BioScience 50:149-155. (Guidance on how to protect and improve ecosystem services.) Costanza, R., R. d’Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R.V. O’Neill, J. Paruelo, R.G. Raskin, P. Sutton and M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253-260. (A breakthrough paper, one of the first in a major journal to estimate the cash value of ecosystem services for people.) Iowa Climate Change Impacts Committee. 2011. Climate change impacts on Iowa – 2010, Report to the Governor and the Iowa General Assembly. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 2017a. Landform regions of Iowa (web page). http://www.iowadnr.gov/ Conservation/Iowas-Wildlife/Iowa-Wildlife-Action-Plan/ItemId/750 (Accessed November 2017). Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 2017b. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory (INAI) data. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 2015. Securing a Future for Fish and Wildlife: A Conservation Legacy for Iowans. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 2009. Iowa Storm Water Management Manual. http://www.iowadnr. gov/Environmental-Protection/Water-Quality/NPDES-Storm-Water/Storm-Water-Manual (Accessed October 2016). Iowa Department of Natural Resources. No date. Indiana bat guidelines (brochure). In cooperation with US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rock Island Field Office, Moline, IL. Iowa City, Department of Public Works, Wastewater/Landfill Division. 2010. Invasive species control in natural areas. Iowa City, IA. REFERENCES & RESOURCES CONSULTED | 88 Iowa Ornithologists’ Union. 2017. AdHoc Datasets. http://www.iowabirds.org/birds/DataSets.aspx (Accessed August 2017). Le Maitre, D.C., B. W. Van Wilgen, R. A. Chapman and D. H. McKelly. 1996. Invasive plants and water resources in the western Cape Province, South Africa: modelling the consequences of a lack of management. Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb., 1996), pp. 161-172 Leach, M.K. and T.J. Givnish. 1996. Ecological determinants of species loss in remnant prairies. Science. New Series, Volume 273, Issue 5281 (Sep. 13, 1996), 1555-1558. Pryor, S.C., D. Scavia, C. Downer, M. Gaden, L. Iverson, R. Nordstrom, J. Patz, and G. P. Robertson. 2014. Climate Change impacts in the United States: the third national climate assessment. In J.M. Melillo, T.C. Richmond and G.W. Yohe (eds.), Ch. 18 (Midwest), U.S. Global Change Research Program, pp. 418-440. Pyne, S.J. 1982. Fire in America: A cultural history of wildland and rural fire. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ. Sekely, A.C., D.J. Mulla,and D.W. Bauer. 2002. Streambank slumping and its contribution to the phosphorus and suspended sediment loads of the Blue Earth River, Minnesota. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57:243-250. Stewart, O.C. 2002. Forgotten Fires – Native Americans and the transient wilderness. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, OK. Sustainability Tools for Assessing & Rating (STAR) Communities. 2016. STAR Certification Results Report – City of Iowa City, IA, August, 2016. City of Iowa City, IA. USDA/NRCS (U.S. Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2016. Custom Soil Resource Report for Johnson County, Minnesota – Iowa City. Web Soil Survey, report generated August 15, 2017. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm (accessed August 2017). USFWS (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service). 2017a. Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) website. https:// ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/index. (Accessed August 2017). USFWS. 2017b. Northern Long-Eared Bat Final 4(d) Rule, White-Nose Syndrome Zone Around WNS/Pd Positive Counties/Districts. Map Created June 30, 2017. USFWS. 2016a. Known Northern Long-eared Bat Hibernacula and Roost Trees in Iowa (updated May 3, 2016). Rock Island Ecological Services Field Office, Moline, IL. USFWS. 2016b. Final 4(d) Rule for the Northern Long-Eared Bat. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. USFWS. 2016c. Range-wide Indiana bat summer survey guidelines. https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/ mammals/inba/surveys/pdf/2016IndianaBatSummerSurveyGuidelines11April2016.pdf. (Accessed 2016). USFWS. 2015. Indiana Bat Range / Recovery Units. (map) https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/images/ mammals/inba/MapIBatRangeRUs9April2015.pdf (accessed August 2017). EXHIBITS | 89 EXHIBIT 1. REGIONAL CONTEXT Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P Corp., NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - ESRI Basemap - StreetMap USA AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 1 IA City_Reg Context_2018-01-03 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 1 Regional Context 0 5 102.5 Miles ± City Limits §¨¦90 §¨¦35 §¨¦80 §¨¦29 §¨¦380 §¨¦74 §¨¦88 §¨¦280§¨¦680 §¨¦94 IOWA EXHIBITS | 90 EXHIBIT 2. LANDFORMS, SOILS AND WATER FEATURES Willo w C r e e k Iowa RiverSnyder CreekCl e a r C r e e k Ralston Creek Deer Cree k O l d M a n s C r e e k Iowa State University GIS Facility Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Watercourse National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Lacustrine Palustrine Riverine Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County - Iowa State ImageServer AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 2 IA City_Landforms Water_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 2 Landforms and Water Features EXHIBITS | 91 EXHIBIT 3. EXISTING LAND COVER OF PARKS AND NATURAL AREAS City Park Hickory Hill Park Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Waterworks Prairie Park Ryerson's Woods Sand Prairie Peninsula Park I. C. Kickers Soccer Park Wetherby Park Scott Park Sycamore Greenway Villa Park 420th St Wetland Bristol Drive Woodlands Riverfront Crossings Park Kiwanis Park Terrell Mill Park Landfill Wetland Hunters Run Park Sturgis Ferry Park Snyder Creek GreenwayWhispering Meadows Wetlands Benton Hill Park Crandic Park Windsor Ridge Park Court Hill Park Creekside Park Lindemann Trail Greenway Brookland Park Hickory Trail Park Makada Wetland Mitigation Normandy Dr/Ashton House Glendale Park Walden Detention Area Duck Creek Detention Trolley Track Greenway ESRC Biocells Rohret Road Prairie Longfellow Nature Trail Riverfront Crossings Greenway Rec Center Greenway Fire Station 4 Biocell Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest/Woodland Savanna Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 3 IA City_Existing LC_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 3 Existing Land Cover of Parks and Natural Areas EXHIBITS | 92 EXHIBIT 4. NATURAL AREAS IN AND ADJACENT TO IOWA CITY Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits City Parks Natural Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest/Woodland Savanna Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 4 IA City_City Natural Areas_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 4 City-Owned Natural Areas EXHIBITS | 93 EXHIBIT 5. PRE‐1800 VEGETATION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 City Park Hickory Hill Park Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Waterworks Prairie Park Ryerson's Woods Sand Prairie Peninsula Park I. C. Kickers Soccer Park Wetherby Park Scott Park Sycamore Greenway Villa Park 420th St Wetland Bristol Drive Woodlands Riverfront Crossings Park Kiwanis Park Terrell Mill Park Landfill Wetland Hunters Run Park Sturgis Ferry Park Snyder Creek GreenwayWhispering Meadows Wetlands Benton Hill Park Crandic Park Windsor Ridge Park Court Hill Park Creekside Park Lindemann Trail Greenway Brookland Park Hickory Trail Park Makada Wetland Mitigation Normandy Dr/Ashton House Glendale Park Walden Detention Area Duck Creek Detention Trolley Track Greenway ESRC Biocells Rohret Road Prairie Longfellow Nature Trail Riverfront Crossings Greenway Rec Center Greenway Fire Station 4 Biocell 0 0 00 0 0 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Historical Vegetation Field Grove Lake Marsh Oak barrens Pond Prairie Ravine Slough Swale Thicket Timber Wetland Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Iowa DNR AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 5 IA City_Pre-1800 Veg_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 5 Pre-1800 Vegetation EXHIBIT 5. PRE‐1800 VEGE- TATION EXHIBITS | 94 EXHIBIT 6. 1930S AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 City Park Hickory Hill Park Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Waterworks Prairie Park Ryerson's Woods Sand Prairie Peninsula Park I. C. Kickers Soccer Park Wetherby Park Scott Park Sycamore Greenway Villa Park 420th St Wetland Bristol Drive Woodlands Riverfront Crossings Park Kiwanis Park Terrell Mill Park Landfill Wetland Hunters Run Park Sturgis Ferry Park Snyder Creek GreenwayWhispering Meadows Wetlands Benton Hill Park Crandic Park Windsor Ridge Park Court Hill Park Creekside Park Lindemann Trail Greenway Brookland Park Hickory Trail Park Makada Wetland Mitigation Normandy Dr/Ashton House Glendale Park Walden Detention Area Duck Creek Detention Trolley Track Greenway ESRC Biocells Rohret Road Prairie Longfellow Nature Trail Riverfront Crossings Greenway Rec Center Greenway Fire Station 4 Biocell 0 0 00 0 0 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 6 IA City_1930s Aerial_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 6 1930s Aerial Photograph EXHIBIT 6. 1930S AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH EXHIBITS | 95 EXHIBIT 7. 2015 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 City Park Hickory Hill Park Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Waterworks Prairie Park Ryerson's Woods Sand Prairie Peninsula Park I. C. Kickers Soccer Park Wetherby Park Scott Park Sycamore Greenway Villa Park 420th St Wetland Bristol Drive Woodlands Riverfront Crossings Park Kiwanis Park Terrell Mill Park Landfill Wetland Hunters Run Park Sturgis Ferry Park Snyder Creek GreenwayWhispering Meadows Wetlands Benton Hill Park Crandic Park Windsor Ridge Park Court Hill Park Creekside Park Lindemann Trail Greenway Brookland Park Hickory Trail Park Makada Wetland Mitigation Normandy Dr/Ashton House Glendale Park Walden Detention Area Duck Creek Detention Trolley Track Greenway ESRC Biocells Rohret Road Prairie Longfellow Nature Trail Riverfront Crossings Greenway Rec Center Greenway Fire Station 4 Biocell 0 0 00 0 0 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 7 IA City_2015 Aerial_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 7 2015 Aerial Photograph EXHIBITS | 96 EXHIBIT 8. CITY NATURAL AREAS AND CONNECTIONS Old M a n s C r e e k Deer Cree k Ralston Creek Cl e a r C r e e k Snyder CreekIowa RiverWillo w C r e e k Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1 20.5 Miles ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area City Parks Natural Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest/Woodland Savanna Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Watercourse National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Lacustrine Palustrine Riverine Natural Area Complex Waterway Connection Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County - Iowa State ImageServer AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 1/3/18 File Name: 8 IA City_Connections_2018-01-03 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan Exhibit 8 City Natural Areas and Connections APPENDIX A. | 97 Appendix A. Glossary APPENDIX A. | 98 Appendix A. Glossary Adaptive Management Structured decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time by a cycle of implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment. Bioblitz Typically a 24-hour period when professionals and volunteers document all living species within a given area, such as a public park. Biodiversity The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including plants and animals. Climate Moderation Less extreme fluctuations in temperature. Ecological Restoration Improving the natural environment by stabilizing and enhancing biodiversity, resilience, and ecosystem services. Ecological Stewardship Refers to responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation and sustainable practices. Generalist Wildlife Species Animal species that can live in many different types of environments and have a varied diet and broad habitat requirements. Habitat Fragmentation Habitat fragmentation is the process by which habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitats into smaller, more isolated remnants. Invasive Species Aggressive species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the reflected light. It is most commonly used for elevation contour mapping. Migration Corridor Area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures (such as roads, development or logging). Native Plants Plants indigenous to a given area in geologic time. This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years in an area. Non-invasive Species Species that are not likely to cause economic or environmental harm. Sensitive Natural Areas Type of designation for an area that needs special protection because of its landscape, wildlife or historical value. Specialist Wildlife Species Animal species that have specific environmental needs related to habitat, diet or another environmental factor, without which they cannot sustain their populations. APPENDIX B. | 99 Appendix B. Individual Site Management Briefs APPENDIX B. | 100 Appendix B. Individual Site Management Briefs CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 420TH STREET WETLAND MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: 420th Street Wetland Natural Area Size (ac): 11 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North of Highway 6 along east side of Compass Drive, north of 420th Street Park/Natural Area Class: Constructed/mitigation wetland Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Mitigation Report (Dec. 2016) X X Mitigation site completed Oct. 2011; veg cover map Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Tributary/wetland to N could be restored and connected (across RR tracks) to site Dominant Soils Upland: Tama silt loam (2-5% slopes) Lowland: Muscatine silt loam (0-2% slopes), Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes), and Sperry silt loam, depressional, (0-1% slopes) Hydrology Features: Unnamed tributary flows from northeast to southwest through southeast corner of site; wetland generally does not retain standing water for extended periods of time, in part because local watershed has not been fully developed as was planned; sports complex and development proposed to north Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Wetland mitigation site; City staff have maintained the site intermittently, including mowing and physical removal of invasive vegetation; native overseeding conducted in 2013 APPENDIX B. | 101 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) C 8.95 78.6% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) C 1.86 16.3% 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.56 4.9% 14. Building 0.01 0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 11.38 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Carex crinita, Juncus effusus Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Dickcissel1 Eastern Meadowlark1 Swamp Sparrow None observed None observed 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need APPENDIX B. | 102 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation, especially in prairie (Kentucky bluegrass, dandelion, ground clovers, etc.) •State SGCN Dickcissel and Eastern Meadowlark seen at site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 103420th Street Wetland Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Acorus americanus American Sweet Flag Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 4 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 1 Aster pilosus Hairy White Oldfield Aster; Frost Aster Native 3 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll's Eyes; White Doll's Daisy Native 2 Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats Grama Native 1 Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy Grama Native 1 Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex crinita Fringed Sedge Native 1 Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge; Bottlebrush Sedge Native 1 Carex scoparia Broom Sedge; Lance-Fruited Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex stricta Tussock Sedge; Upright Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 2 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 1 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflower Native 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 2 Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 104Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens Native 1 Glyceria maxima Reed Mannagrass; Great Mannagrass Not Native 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 2 Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Native 2 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow; Crimson-Eyed Rose Mallow Native 1 Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native 1 1 Iris versicolor Harlequin Blue Flag Iris Not Native 1 Juncus effusus Common Rush; Soft Rush Native 1 Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 pd Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 cf Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 ed Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 2 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 2 Senecio pauperculus Ragwort Native 1 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 105Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 3 2 Solidago riddellii Riddle's Goldenrod Native 1 Sparganium eurycarpum Broadfruit Bur-Reed; Giant Bur-Reed Native 1 Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native 1 Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 Sporobolus asper Rough Dropseed Native 1 Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native 1 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 2 cf Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 2 pd Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 pd Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 2 pd Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 pd Vernonia fasciculata Common Ironweed; Prairie Ironweed; Smooth Ironweed Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 106420th Street Wetland Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland10.8110.8110.81Total Acres010.810010.8110.81Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 300$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 21,620$ -$ -$ 3,243$ 4,000$ 28,863$ Notes:Overseed prairie and herbaceous lowland with diverse natives as warranted (costs not included in table above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 107 C C C C C675670680 675670670675 670670C C C C 680 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 260130 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Recreation Area Building or Structure Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway 420th St Wetland Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 108 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN BENTON HILL PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Benton Hill Park Natural Area Size (ac): 3 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, southwest of intersection of Benton Street and Miller Avenue Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North to forest stand and Brookland Park Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (5-9% slopes) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Farmstead and cropland Current Use and Management: Pocket park APPENDIX B. | 109 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) CD 2.75 83.1% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.46 13.9% 14. Building 0.01 0.3% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.10 3.0% Totals 3.31 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Viburnum prunifolium Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 110 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, buckthorn, privet, Oriental bittersweet, dame’s rocket, etc.) •Small site •Forest enhancement opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 111Benton Hill Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Canopy Stratum Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 3 Fraxinus americana White Ash Native 1 Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 4 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 pd Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 1 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 2 pd Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native 1 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 2 pd Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 3 ed Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Not Native 3 pd Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 pd Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 4 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 2 pd Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 2 Agrimonia gryposepala Tall Agrimony; Hairy Agrimony; Common Agrimony Native 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 112Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed; Tall Anemone Native 1 Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Not Native 1 Carex normalis Greater Straw Sedge; Spreading Oval Sedge Native 1 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 4 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 4 Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 4 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 2 pd Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 2 Lactuca floridana Woodland Lettuce Native 1 Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Pea Not Native 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd Phlox paniculata Garden Phlox Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 2 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 113Benton Hill Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable CostRemove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland2.752.752.752.752.75Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres2.752.752.7502.752.75Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,500$ 1,500$ 1,000$ 500$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost19,625$ 4,125$ 2,750$ -$ 1,375$ 2,000$ 19,875$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 114 CD715720 72573 0 7407457 0 0 6907056957 3 5 7 5 0 685680710 735740710 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 13065 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Benton Hill Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 115 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN BRISTOL DRIVE WOODLANDS MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Bristol Drive Woodlands Natural Area Size (ac): 20 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North of Bristol Drive and south of I-80 Park/Natural Area Class: Forest/wetland Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South-southeast to Hickory Hill Park •Southwest to Terrell Mill Park Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (5-9% and 25-40% slopes) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: South tributary of Rapid Creek flows through western portion of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Pasture Current Use and Management: Unknown APPENDIX B. | 116 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) CD 16.75 82.7% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.69 3.4% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 2.34 11.6% 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.30 1.5% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.18 0.9% Totals 20.25 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 117 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, privet, Oriental bittersweet, poison ivy, reed canary grass, etc.) •Linear site •Forest and wetland enhancement opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 118Bristol Drive Woodlands Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 3 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 2 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 2 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 2 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer nigrum Black Maple Native 1 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 2 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 3 ed Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur Hawthorn Native 1 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Fraxinus americana White Ash Native 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 2 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 2 cf 1 cf 1 pd Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 pd 1 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 3 ed 1 cf 1 pd Ostrya virginiana Ironwood; Eastern Hop Hornbeam Native 2 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 pd Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf 1 pd Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry; Common Blackberry Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 3 ed Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 Herbaceous Stratum Acer ginnala Amur Maple Not Native 1 cf Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 119Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 2 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native 1 cf Bidens frondosa Common Beggartick; Devil's Beggartick Native 1 Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 2 Carex gracillima Graceful Sedge Native 1 Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge Native 3 Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native 2 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 pd 1 pd Desmodium cuspidatum Hairy-Bracted Tick Trefoil; Large-Bracted Tick Trefoil Native 1 1 Dichanthelium implicatum Rosette Panic Grass Native 1 Dodecatheon meadia Shooting Star Native 1 Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native 1 Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail; Woodland Horsetail Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 1 Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane Native 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 1 Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 cf Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 2 Fraxinus americana White Ash Native 2 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 2 Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 120Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 2 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 1 Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Leersia virginica Whitegrass; White Cutgrass; Virginia Cutgrass Native 2 Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Not Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 2 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 2 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 4 ed Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd Polemonium reptans Jacob's Ladder Native 2 Pycnanthemum pilosum Hairy Mountain Mint Native 1 1 Pycnanthemum virginianum Common Mountain Mint; Virginia Mountain Mint Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal, False Spikenard Native 2 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 4 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 2 2 Solidago ulmifolia Elm-Leaf Goldenrod Native 2 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Thalictrum thalictroides Rue Anemone Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 pd APPENDIX B. | 121Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 pd 2 pd Triosteum perfoliatum Horse Gentian; Feverwort Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 1 1 APPENDIX B. | 122Bristol Drive Woodlands Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland16.7516.7516.75Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.690.693.03Total Acres16.7517.440.69019.780Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,000$ 1,000$ 1,000$ 200$ Opinions of Probable Cost150,250$ 17,440$ 690$ -$ 3,956$ -$ 72,336$ Notes:Overseed non-native grassland following weed removal.Wetland enhancement lower priority due to size and location (costs not included in table above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 123 CD D D 715720735760 740725745765750785770 775755730790700 710705780 7 4 0 7 6 07407 5 5 7 5 5 765 730705 7 2 0 7 1 5 7557 8 07607 7 5 780735 775 7107 4 0 7 7 5 765 780750735750705785 74 5 74 5 765 7 6 5 770740770710 725725 735735 7 7 0 725770745750 755730 7807107057607007 8 5 76 0 71074576070 5 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 530265 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Non-native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Bristol Drive Woodlands Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 124 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN BROOKLAND PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Brookland Park Natural Area Size (ac): 3 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, southwest of curve from Melrose Court to Myrtle Avenue Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South to Benton Hill Park Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (9-14% slopes) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Unnamed tributary flows through center of site Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Pasture Current Use and Management: pocket park APPENDIX B. | 125 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.89 31.3% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.12 4.2% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 0.33 11.6% 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.21 42.6% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.28 9.9% Totals 2.84 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 126 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Siberian elm, honeysuckles, buckthorn, reed canary grass, etc.) •Small site •Drainageway enhancement in 2005 •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Monitor drainageway enhancement and improve if needed APPENDIX B. | 127Brookland Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Picea sp. Unknown Spruce Not Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Not Native 1 cf Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 2 pd 2 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 1 1 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 pd 2 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Malus sp. Unknown Apple Undetermined 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Picea sp. Unknown Spruce Not Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 2 pd 1 pd 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 128Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry Not Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Ulmus sp. Unknown Elm Undetermined 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 cf Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Campanula americana Tall Bellflower Native 1 Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge; Bottlebrush Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Galium sp. Unknown Bedstraw Undetermined 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 129Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 1 Impatiens pallida Yellow Jewelweed; Pale Jewelweed; Pale Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 1 1 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 2 pd Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Phyla lanceolata Lanceleaf fogfruit; Frogfruit Native 1 Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass Native 1 1 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Stellaria media Chickweed; Common Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 130Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 131Brookland Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.890.890.890.89Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.450.450.450.45Total Acres0.891.341.3401.340.45Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,500$ 1,500$ 1,000$ 700$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost13,115$ 2,010$ 1,340$ -$ 938$ 1,500$ 8,903$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland and herbaceous lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 132 D 690 685 6 9 5 680 700 685 69 5 68 5 680Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 16080 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Non-native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Brookland Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 133 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN CITY PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: City Park Natural Area Size (ac): 107 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, north of Park Road and east of Normandy Drive Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Confluence. 2016. Lower City Park Master Plan Addresses only lower (active) portion of park, not remnant forest in south Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northeast (across Iowa River) to Terrell Mill Park Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (2-9% and 18-25%, slopes), Sattre loam (0-2% slopes) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Two ponds; Iowa River flows along north and east edge of park Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Heavily used park APPENDIX B. | 134 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) CD,D 2.16 2.0% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) BC,CD 1.88 1.8% 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) D 0.69 0.6% 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 1.00 0.9% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 2.73 2.5% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 23.50 21.9% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 60.36 56.2% 14. Building 0.76 0.7% 15. Other Impervious Cover 14.23 13.3% Totals 107.31 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Red-Tailed Hawk Red-Bellied Woodpecker Belted Kingfisher None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 135 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, reed canary grass, etc.) •Higher quality oak woodland with turf below canopy and patches of spring wildflowers •100-yr floodplain encroaches on lower park •Opportunity for turf to native groundlayer conversion beneath oaks Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 136City Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 3 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Native 1 3 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 3 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 1 Pinus strobus White Pine; Eastern White Pine Native 2 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus alba White Oak Native 2 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 2 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 2 1 Quercus sp. Unknown Oak Native 1 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 2 3 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 1 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Native 2 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud; Judas Tree Native 1 Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood; Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Native 1 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 137Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native 1 pd 1 cf Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Actaea pachypoda Doll's Eyes; White Baneberry Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd 1 cf Allium canadense Wild Onion Native 1 Allium tricoccum Wild Leek; Ramp Native 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Anemone sp. Unknown Anemone Undetermined 1 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native 1 2 Asarum canadense Canada Wild Ginger Native 1 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Cardamine concatenata Cutleaf Toothwort Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 138Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge Native 1 Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native 1 Carex shortiana Short's Sedge Native 1 Carex sp. Unknown Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 1 1 Claytonia virginica Eastern Spring Beauty Native 1 Clematis pitcheri Pitcher's Leather Flower; Purple Leather Flower; Bluebill Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 1 1 Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches Native 1 Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily; White Fawn Lily; White Dogtooth Violet Native 1 Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 1 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native 1 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia Waterleaf; Eastern Waterleaf Native 1 Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native 1 Maianthemum racemosum Large False Solomon's Seal; False Spikenard; Solomon's Plume Native 1 Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 cf Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 1 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 2 pd 3 pd APPENDIX B. | 139Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native 1 1 Polemonium reptans Jacob's Ladder Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 1 Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Silene stellata Starry Campion; Widow's Frill Native 1 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal, False Spikenard Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 1 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd 1 cf 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium Native 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Uvularia grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort Native 1 Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 Woodsia obtusa Blunt-Lobed Cliff Fern Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 140City Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland4.044.044.044.042.16Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.690.690.690.690.69Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland1.001.001.001.00Total Acres4.735.735.7305.733.85Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 1,500$ 1,000$ 500$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost19,460$ 8,595$ 5,730$ -$ 2,865$ 2,500$ 29,150$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland, savanna, and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 141 CD D D BC CD 655 665 670675 680 705700695 685 690 660650645 6 4 5 645645 655 645 65 0 65066565068564 5 64 5 675645645645 7056856 4 5 665 645 6506 5 0645 6 8 0 690645 645645645655660 645 645645645650650 645645 6 8 5645 645 6606 6 0 645 680675 6706 4 5645645 645 6 8 5 645 695645 650645 665 645 655645 645645 64 5 6856456 4 5 650645645645645645645680 6 4 5 64 5 650 65064564564 5 645 645645 650675645 645645690 645645 6 4 5645 6 8 5 645 645645645 645645 645645 650 64 5 650645 64568068565 0 645 645 650 645650645645 670 670675680 70570570 5 700695 685690 660660660 660 645 71 0 710 710710710710710710710710710710685 650 695 665 645 6856 4 5 685645645645 645645 645650645645 645 6 4 5 685645 650645 6 4 5 645645 645645 645650645 69 0 685645 645 6 8 5 645 645645650 645 64 5 645 645 650645 645 650 645 645 650645 6 4 5 645 650 645 645650 645695 685695695675650 6456956 7 0 645 645 64 5 645 645645 650 645 650645 645645 68064564 5 645 6 5 0645645 645 645 65064565064 5 64 5 645650645 6 4 5 685685645 645645645 650 645 650 645685645 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 710355 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Savanna Non-native Grassland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway City Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 142 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN COURT HILL PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Court Hill Park Natural Area Size (ac): 11 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Southeast district, between Friendship Street (on north) and Brookside Drive (on the South) Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •East to Scott Park, along Ralston Creek Dominant Soils Upland: NA Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows south through the northern portion of the park and flows west along the southern edge and of park Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Pocket park/trail; portion of Ralston Creek bank stabilized with gabion baskets. APPENDIX B. | 143 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 3.07 26.9% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.62 5.4% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.64 5.6% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 6.25 54.8% 14. Building 0.04 0.4% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.80 7.0% Totals 11.41 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 144 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (black locust, honeysuckles, etc.) •100-yr floodplain encroaches on much of site •Portions of Ralston Creek banks have moderate to severe erosion •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Ralston Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize Ralston Creek banks APPENDIX B. | 145Court Hill Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Picea sp. Unknown Spruce Not Native 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 2 pd Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Carex sp. Unknown Sedge Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 146Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Chenopodium album Lamb's Quarters Not Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 pd Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Echinocystis lobata Wild Cucumber Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 1 cf Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 cf Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 pd Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 2 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade; Climbing Nightshade Not Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 2 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 147Court Hill Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland3.073.073.073.07Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres3.073.073.0703.070Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 1,500$ 1,000$ 700$ Opinions of Probable Cost17,675$ 4,605$ 3,070$ -$ 2,149$ -$ 17,499$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 148 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 500250 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Court Hill Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 149 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN CRANDIC PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Crandic Park Natural Area Size (ac): 4 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, northwest of intersection of Rocky Shore Drive and Dill Street Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North (across Iowa River) to Peninsula Park Dominant Soils Upland: NA Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) and Orthents, loamy Hydrology Features: Iowa River flows along north edge and of park Historical Vegetation: Prairie and Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Pocket park APPENDIX B. | 150 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland D 1.12 25.9% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.09 2.1% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 2.50 57.9% 14. Building 0.23 5.3% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.39 9.0% Totals 4.32 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 151 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (creeping Charlie, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain and floodway encroach on site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 152Crandic Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Forested Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 3 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 pd Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asarum canadense Canada Wild Ginger Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cichorium intybus Chicory Not Native 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Epipactis helleborine Broad-Leaved Helleborine; Broadleaf Helleborine Not Native 1 cf Euonymus fortunei Purple Winter Creeper; Climbing Euonymus; Wintercreeper Not Native 1 cf Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 pd Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 153Species name Common name Origin Forested Lowland Plantago major Common Plantain Not Native 1 cf Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Stachys palustris Woundwort Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Trillium recurvatum Prairie Trillium Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 154Crandic Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland1.121.121.121.12Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres1.121.121.1201.120Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)1,500$ 1,000$ 1,000$ 1,000$ Opinions of Probable Cost11,680$ 1,120$ 1,120$ -$ 1,120$ -$ 5,040$ Notes:Overseed forested lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 155 ^_ ^_Poison Hemlock D 650645 650645 645645 645645 645Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 220110 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Forested Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Crandic Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 156 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN CREEKSIDE PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Creekside Park Natural Area Size (ac): 3 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Southeast district, between Muscatine Avenue (on northeast) and F Street (on south) Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •NA Dominant Soils Upland: NA Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows along southeast edge of park Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Pocket park; portion of Ralston Creek bank stabilized with concrete. APPENDIX B. | 157 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.30 11.7% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.10 3.9% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.33 12.9% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.57 61.3% 14. Building 0.05 2.0% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.22 8.6% Totals 2.56 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 158 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (white mulberry, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on entire site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Portions of Ralston Creek banks have minor erosion •Ralston Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Improve access to Ralston Creek APPENDIX B. | 159Creekside Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 1 cf Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asclepias sp. Unknown Milkweed Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 160Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 161Creekside Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.30.30.30.3Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.30.30.300.30Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,500$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1750$ 600$ 450$ -$ 1,000$ -$ 2,800$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 162 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 15075 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Creekside Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 163 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN DUCK CREEK DETENTION MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Duck Creek Detention Natural Area Size (ac): 4 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Between Duck Creek Drive and Deerfield Drive Park/Natural Area Class: Dry stormwater basin/mowed turf Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northwest to Hunters Run Park Dominant Soils Upland: Ladoga silt loam (2-9% slopes) and Fayette silt loam (14-18% slopes) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Depression (in NW portion of site) drains north to Willow Creek Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Pocket park APPENDIX B. | 164 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland CD 0.74 17.6% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.50 11.9% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 2.96 70.5% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 4.20 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 165 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, Canada thistle, etc.) •Wetland overgrown with willow and cottonwoods •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 166Duck Creek Detention Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 3 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 2 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native 1 cf Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Allium sp. Unknown Garlic Undetermined 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 167Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Lowland Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 pd Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 cf Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf Nepeta cataria Catnip Not Native 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper; Marshpepper Knotweed Not Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass Native 1 Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native 1 Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 168Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Lowland Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 169Duck Creek Detention Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.740.740.740.74Grassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.740.740.7400.740Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,500$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost11,850$ 1,480$ 1,110$ -$ 1,000$ -$ 5,440$ Notes:Overseed shrub/scrub lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 170 CD 74575 0 730 74 0 755765770735 760775775 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 250125 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Shrub/Scrub Lowland Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Duck Creek Detention Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 171 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ESRC BIOCELLS MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: ESRC Biocells Natural Area Size (ac): 1 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Northwest of intersection of Scott Blvd. and Freedom Court Park/Natural Area Class: Dry stormwater basin Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Species lists and planting plans (2014) X 6 biocells (rain gardens) Snyder Creek Assessment (2010- 2012) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •East to Snyder Creek Greenway Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes); soils amended for biocells Hydrology Features: Drainageway water flows from N into cells and into drainpipe and creek Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland and grazing Current Use and Management: Stormwater management facilities APPENDIX B. | 172 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC 0.44 66.7% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.14 21.2% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.02 3.0% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.04 6.1% 14. Building 0.01 1.5% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.02 3.0% Totals 0.66 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Endangered: Agastache foeniculum State Threatened: Allium cernuum State Species of Concern: Amerlanchier alnifolia, Baptisia australis, Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 173 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (burdock, thistles, creeping Charlie, wild parsnip, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on most of site •Portions of drainageway banks have minor to moderate erosion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Manage prairie to maintain quality APPENDIX B. | 174ESRC Biocells Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Amelanchier alnifolia Seviceberry Native 1 Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 Corylus americana American Hazelnut; American Hazel Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 3 Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Native 1 Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Agastache foeniculum Anise Hyssop Native 1 Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Allium cernuum Nodding Wild Onion Native 1 Amorpha canescens Lead Plant Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone cylindrica Thimbleweed Native 1 Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed; Tall Anemone Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 3 pd Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Aster pilosus Hairy White Oldfield Aster; Frost Aster Native 1 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Baptisia australis Wild Blue Indigo Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 175Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats Grama Native 1 Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 2 pd Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Coreopsis palmata Prairie Coreopsis Native 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 2 Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois Bundleflower Native 1 Desmodium canadense Showy Tick Trefoil Native 1 Dodecatheon meadia Shooting Star Native 1 Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflower Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Erigeron canadensis Horseweed; Canadian Horseweed; Canadian Fleabane Native 1 Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 1 Eupatorium altissimum Tall Boneset Native 1 Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 1 cf Geum triflorum Prairie Smoke Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 pd Helianthus mollis Downy Sunflower Native 1 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 2 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 2 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 Heuchera richardsonii Prairie Alumroot Native 1 Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 2 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 176Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Not Native 1 Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 2 cf Mentha spicata Spearmint; Common Mint Not Native 1 Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild Four O'Clock Native 1 Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm 'Jacob Cline' Not Native 2 2 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 2 2 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 1 Oenothera macrocarpa Bigfruit Evening Primrose; Missouri Evening Primrose; Ozark Sundrops Native 1 Oenothera pilosella Prairie Sundrops Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 1 cf Phlox pilosa Prairie Phlox Native 1 Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rubus laciniatus Evergreen Blackberry Not Native 2 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Saponaria officinalis Common Soapwort; Bouncing Bet Not Native 1 1 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 2 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Senecio pauperculus Ragwort Native 1 Silene regia Royal Catchfly Native 1 Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 1 Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 2 APPENDIX B. | 177Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago nemoralis Oldfield Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 1 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed Native 1 Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 1 1 Tradescantia bracteata Prairie Spiderwort Native 2 Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native 1 Vernonia fasciculata Common Ironweed; Prairie Ironweed; Smooth Ironweed Native 2 Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 178ESRC Biocells Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.580.580.580.58Total Acres00.580.5800.580.58Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 1,000$ NANAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 1,160$ 580$ -$ 1,000$ 1,500$ 4,240$ Notes:Overseed prairie and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 179 BC 660 665 665 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 13065 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Non-native Grassland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway ESRC Biocells Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 180 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FIRE STATION 4 BIOCELL MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Fire Station 4 Biocell Natural Area Size (ac): <1 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Northeast of intersection of Scott Blvd. and Dubuque Road Park/Natural Area Class: Dry stormwater basin Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Fire Station 4 Handbook (2016) X Replanted 2013; replanted in 2016 E-mail regarding planted species (2015) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •NA Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silty clay loam (9-14% slopes); soils amended for biocells (incl. texture) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland and grazing; road Current Use and Management: Stormwater management facility APPENDIX B. | 181 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) NN 0.07 63.6% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.04 36.4% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 0.11 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Threatened: Filipendula rubra Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 182 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (quackgrass, etc.) •Small site •Isolated plantings prevents use of prescribed burning Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Manage rain gardens to maintain quality APPENDIX B. | 183Fire Station 4 Biocell Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 2 Herbaceous Stratum Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 2 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 2 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 2 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 2 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflower Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 2 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Erigeron canadensis Horseweed; Canadian Horseweed; Canadian Fleabane Native 1 Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 3 Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Native 1 Geum triflorum Prairie Smoke Native 1 Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native 2 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 2 Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 cf Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm 'Jacob Cline' Not Native 1 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 2 Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 184Species name Common name Origin Prairie Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Rudbeckia fulgida Orange Coneflower Native 1 Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna; American Senna Native 2 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed Native 2 Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 185Fire Station 4 Biocell Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.070.07Total Acres00.07000.070Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)NANAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 1,000$ -$ -$ 1,000$ -$ 2,000$ Notes:Overseed with diverse natives as warranted (costs not included in table above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 186770775Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 5025 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Recreation Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Fire Station 4 Biocell Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 187 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN GLENDALE PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Glendale Park Natural Area Size (ac): 2 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Central district, south of the end of Memler Court Park/Natural Area Class: Mini Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North to Hickory Hill Park •South to Trolley Track Greenway Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows northeast to southwest towards Iowa River Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 188 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.31 19.7% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.15 9.6% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.11 70.7% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 1.57 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 189 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Siberian elm, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site; areas of turf are wet •Portions of Ralston Creek banks have moderate to severe erosion •Old dump in NW portion of site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Ralston Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 190Glendale Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Canopy Stratum Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 3 ed Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 1 cf Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud; Judas Tree Native 1 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 191Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 cf Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 192Glendale Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.310.310.310.31Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.310.310.3100.310Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,500$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1775$ 620$ 465$ -$ 1,000$ -$ 2,860$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 193665660675680670685670665670Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 12562.5 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Open Water Recreation Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Glendale Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 194 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN HICKORY HILL PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Hickory Hill Park Natural Area Size (ac): 185 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Central district, north of Rochester/Seventh Avenue and west of North 1st Avenue Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City and Snyder & Assoc. 2016. Hickory Hill Park Master Plan X Focused on trails, bridges and signage Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Hirokawa, K.E. 2003. Hickory Hill Past, Present and Future: A Vegetation Analysis and Mgmt Plan. Thesis. University of Iowa. X X (detailed) X Includes review of historical aerial photos, maps, etc. Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Vitosh, Mark A. 2007. General Forest Management Plan. District Forester. Iowa DNR/Forest and Prairies. Iowa City, Iowa. X X Checklist of the Birds of Greater Hickory Hill Park, Iowa City, IA (RJH 2007) X Ralston Cr. Assessment (2013-14) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •East to Hickory Trail Park (along Ralston Creek) •South to Glendale Park (along Ralston Creek) and Trolley Track Greenway •North-northwest to Bristol Drive Woodlands (and other natural areas, mostly forests) •Northwest to Bur Oak Land Trust easement Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (9-25% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Nodaway-Arenzville silt loam (1-4% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek (flows west and southwest towards Iowa River); flood control dam Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland and grazing Current Use and Management: Park; portion of forest managed with prescribed fire; volunteer management events APPENDIX B. | 195 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) BC, C, CD, D 119.81 64.9% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 18.88 10.2% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) D 3.85 2.1% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) C, CD, D 16.37 8.9% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 10.55 5.7% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 1.39 0.8% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 12.55 6.8% 14. Building 0.04 <0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 1.11 0.6% Totals 184.53 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects White-Tailed Deer Downy Woodpecker Black-Capped Chickadee Northern Flicker Rose-Breasted Grosbeak Red-Bellied Woodpecker None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 196 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, multiflora rose, smooth brome, Kentucky bluegrass, reed canary grass, etc.) •Poor oak regeneration •100-yr floodplain encroaches on much of site •Portions of Ralston Creek banks have moderate to severe erosion, including adjacent to private land •Large sanitary sewer main runs through park •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Ralston Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation (beginning in the higher quality, southern portion of park) •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Promote oak regeneration (including selective removal of younger native trees) •Stabilize Ralston Creek banks •Provide opportunities for public education/interpretation APPENDIX B. | 197Hickory Hill Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 3 Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native 1 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 3 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 3 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 2 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Ostrya virginiana Ironwood; Eastern Hop Hornbeam Native 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 3 Quercus alba White Oak Native 4 Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 1 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 2 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native 1 cf Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 4 1 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 198Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Native 1 1 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 3 pd 2 pd 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Ostrya virginiana Ironwood; Eastern Hop Hornbeam Native 1 Prunus caroliniana Carolina Cherry; Carolina Laurelcherry Not Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 1 Rosa carolina Carolina Rose; Pasture Rose Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 3 pd 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 pd 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 1 Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native 1 cf Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Agrimonia parviflora Swamp Agrimony; Small-Flowered Agrimony Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd 2 pd Allium canadense Wild Onion Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Aster pilosus Hairy White Oldfield Aster; Frost Aster Native 2 Barbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket; Common Winter Cress Not Native 2 pd Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 3 ed 2 ed 3 ed APPENDIX B. | 199Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 1 Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 1 Carex davisii Davis' Sedge Native 1 Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native 1 Carex sp. Unknown Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cinna arundinacea Sweet Woodreed; Stout Woodreed Native 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 2 1 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 3 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 1 1 Desmodium cuspidatum Hairy-Bracted Tick Trefoil; Large-Bracted Tick Trefoil Native 1 Dryopteris sp. Unknown Wood Fern Undetermined 1 Duchesnea indica Mock Strawberry; Indian Strawberry; False Strawberry Native 1 Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye Native 1 Elymus villosus Silky Wild Rye Native 1 Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily; White Fawn Lily; White Dogtooth Violet Native 1 Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge Not Native 1 cf Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 1 Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 1 1 Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Juncus sp. Unknown Rush Undetermined 1 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 200Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 3 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 2 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 2 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 2 pd 1 cf 2 pd Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 ed 2 ed 3 ed Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native 1 Polemonium reptans Jacob's Ladder Native 1 Pycnanthemum virginianum Common Mountain Mint; Virginia Mountain Mint Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 pd Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 4 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal, False Spikenard Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 3 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf Triosteum perfoliatum Horse Gentian; Feverwort Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 201Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 1 Viburnum sp. Unknown Viburnum Undetermined 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 2 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 202Hickory Hill Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland134.69138.6918.8818.88138.69138.69Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland3.853.85Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland26.92Total Acres138.54138.6918.8818.88169.46138.69Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,000$ 1,500$ 1,000$ 750$ 100$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost1415,620$ 208,035$ 18,880$ 14,160$ 16,946$ 55,476$ 729,117$ Notes:Forest/woodland woody invasive removal deducted by 4 acres per REAP grant.Invasive herbaceous vegetation control, native seeding, and prescribed burning in savanna/brushland and grassland areas not included in tableabove per REAP grant.Overseed altered forest/woodland, prairie, and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Install oaks and hickories (e.g., seeds, seedlings, saplings) in altered forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 203 #I D C C CD CD D D D CD BC D D D CD CD C 710690730 735740 76574 5 7 0 5 725 750715695770755 780 6856806 7 0 7206757 0 0 7 6 0 7 7 5 73070070572570071 0 700695 75072 5 690 740735 710745695 72072068573570 0 725 720 690695745685700 7 0 0 7007 3 5 700 700690735715695 685735760 675 7 1 0 7257 1 5 695 680 680 720 70568 0 730715695 700725740720 685695690670710 700715 690 6 8 0 715 71 5 7507407 4 0 695 745700 735685 76 5 735 725710 7 0 0735 705 7207 4 0 690700 695 695 680740 735690715715 680740 705705 740 755 6956 9 5 740715685 710740675720730745710 710 6 9 5 6957007157006957057257 0 0 68576 0 725705 745770 680695 6907057107 2 5 765695680 730710750750685695695725 760 700760 700700700 71068 0705 710690695715705 720695 69 0 715 75 0 705 745 710755 740745 67076072072073069070571 0 705 720 690715 7 2 5 765 690CD D D CD D CD 680 680670 72067570 0 700760 7 7 5 7206 8 5725 70575 5 700705690685 740760 690685775 695695740 7007 0 5 735 730760 700690745 690690750 765700 740 740690 685 685685 740 6857 1 0 730 6956707 2 0 715 725 680735 730 685705 690700680 735 730 715745715 74576 0 690 685720725 715 720755740735685 735 755750725 70568069578 0 690710 6906 9 0 73 0 74 0 710 69 5745 745680735 685685 710730755725695730675710 770 710 7 0 0 720 680725690705 70 5715 7307 3 0 690715 700740 745 690 710 700 705700 69073 0 7 3 5 690 6 8 5 73075 5 690710685730715 710 685755 715710 710725720 7 3 5 7106857 2 0 6807156 7 5 690705690720 7 6 0 675705 690740705720 75 0 73 5 725695730715700700755 705725 695 720 735695 6956807357307107207 3 0 745695690 705 7 4 5 710735745680730735 715 705 685685700Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1,500750 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area#I Notable Erosion Feature Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Hickory Hill Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 204 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN HICKORY TRAIL PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Hickory Trail Park Natural Area Size (ac): 3 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North district, near east end of Hickory Trail and Hickory Place Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •West to Hickory Hill Park (along Ralston Creek) Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Nodaway-Arenzville silt loam (1-4% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek (flows to west) Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland and grazing Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 205 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland CD 0.77 23.6% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 0.92 28.2% 11. Open Water NR 0.11 3.4% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.45 44.5% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.01 0.3% Totals 3.26 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Wild Turkey None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 206 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (thistles, ground clovers, reed canary grass, burdock, Kentucky bluegrass, etc.) •Small site •100-yr and 500-yr floodplains and floodway encroach on site •Portions of Ralston Creek banks have minor erosion •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Ralston Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 207Hickory Trail Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 2 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 3 pd Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 208Species name Common name Origin Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 2 pd Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf 3 ed Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 1 Lepidium virginicum Virginia Peppergrass; Common Peppergrass Native 1 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 4 ed 4 ed Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 2 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 2 Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 2 pd Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 2 pd Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 2 pd Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 209Hickory Trail Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.770.770.770.77Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.920.920.920.92Total Acres0.771.691.6901.690.92Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 1,000$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost11,925$ 4,225$ 2,535$ -$ 1,690$ 2,000$ 12,375$ Notes:Overseed forested and herbaceous lowlands following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 210 D CD 710 705715700 720710 700 715 705705 700 720 700 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 15075 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Minor Erosion Hickory Trail Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 211 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN HUNTERS RUN PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Hunters Run Park Natural Area Size (ac): 32 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West district, north of Duck Creek Drive and Prairie Grass Lane, southwest of Highway 218 Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Willow Creek Assessment (2010- 2011) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Southeast to Duck Creek Detention Dominant Soils Upland: Clinton silt loam (9-14% slopes), Fayette silt loam (14-18% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Willow Creek (flows to east) Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 212 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC 2.82 8.7% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 8.89 27.5% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland CD 7.23 22.4% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) CD, D 3.49 10.8% 11. Open Water NR 0.92 2.8% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 8.30 25.7% 14. Building 0.02 0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.63 2.0% Totals 32.30 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 213 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Amur maple, tall fescue, reed canary grass, crown vetch, poison ivy, etc.) •Three parcels; southwest parcel experienced severe erosion and was stabilized winter 2016-17 •100-yr floodplain encroaches on eastern portion of site •Portions of Willow Creek banks have minor erosion •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Willow Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 214Hunters Run Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 3 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer ginnala Amur Maple Not Native 3 cf Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 3 2 2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 Fraxinus sp. Unknown Ash Undetermined 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 cf 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 Picea sp. Unknown Spruce Not Native 2 Pinus strobus White Pine; Eastern White Pine Native 3 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Prunus americana American Plum; Wild Plum Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 3 pd Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 215Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 2 2 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 2 Apios americana Potato Bean; Groundnut Native 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 pd Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 2 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 1 1 Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea Native 2 Cicuta maculata Water Hemlock; Spotted Water Hemlock Native 1 2 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 2 cf 2 pd Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 2 pd Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native 2 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 2 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Duchesnea indica Mock Strawberry; Indian Strawberry; False Strawberry Native 2 Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Eleocharis erythropoda Bald Spikerush; Creeping Spikerush Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 4 pd APPENDIX B. | 216Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 2 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 2 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Hypericum pyramidatum Great St. John's Wort Native 1 Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 2 Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 1 Lactuca biennis Tall Blue Lettuce Native 1 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Malus sp. Unknown Apple Undetermined 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 2 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 3 cf 4 pd Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 1 cf Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 4 pd Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 1 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 2 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 217Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Rosa blanda Prairie Rose; Smooth Wild Rose; Early Wild Rose Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 3 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 4 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 2 pd 2 cf Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 3 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 2 3 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 2 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster; One-Sided Aster; White Woodland Aster; Starved Aster Native 2 Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native 2 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 2 cf Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 2 1 Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 pd Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 2 Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 2 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 218Hunters Run Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland7.237.237.237.23Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland15.215.215.215.2Total Acres7.2322.4322.43022.4315.2Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,000$ 200$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost118,075$ 44,860$ 22,430$ -$ 4,486$ 5,000$ 94,851$ Notes:Overseed forested and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 219 #I #I #I #I #I BCCD D CD CD CD CD CD 725 7457407557 6 0 7 5 0 730715735720755720 735 76072073 0 745735750755745725 730740730 730740735 75 5 715 750 750 735740 735 CD CD CD750750 750735745 720Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 710355 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area#I Notable Erosion Feature Existing Land Cover Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Hunters Run Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 220 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN IOWA CITY KICKERS SOCCER PARK/OXEYE PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park/Oxeye Prairie Natural Area Size (ac): 164 (entire park); 22 (prairie) Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, soccer park along Soccer Park Road; Oxeye Prairie south of Iowa City’s South Wastewater Treatment Plan, east of intersection of Sycamore Street and Nursery Lane Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Wastewater Treatment Plant Wetland X Burn plan Oxeye Prairie Management Plan (Feb. 2009) X X X X (2009- 2013) Originally planted in 1996; planting plan; burn plan Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North to Sycamore Greenway Dominant Soils Upland & Lowland: Very complex assemblage of >20 soil types; textures range from loamy fine (incl. texture) sand to silty clay loam; mostly <2% slopes Hydrology Features: Receives treated effluent from Iowa City’s South Wastewater Treatment Plant (just north of the prairie); drainageway flows south, through southeast corner of site, towards Iowa River Historical Vegetation: Prairie (with Thicket identified in northwest corner) Past Land Uses: Cropland (including a tile line) Current Use and Management: Active park; effluent treatment site; City staff have monitored the site intermittently APPENDIX B. | 221 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) D 1.18 0.7% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC, C, CD, D 15.49 9.5% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 26.12 16.0% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) C, D 8.74 5.3% 11. Open Water NR 0.32 0.2% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 1.14 0.7% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 79.30 48.5% 14. Building 3.65 2.2% 15. Other Impervious Cover 27.63 16.9% Totals 163.57 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects Beaver Mink None observed Snapping Turtle American Toad Several spp of frogs Several spp of Odonata APPENDIX B. | 222 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, cattails, etc.) •Oxeye Prairie ranges from good to poor quality •Wastewater treatment plant expansion threat to prairie •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site •Planted oak trees experiencing “tatters” suggesting herbicide drift from adjacent cropland •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 223Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park/Oxeye Prairie Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 Herbaceous Stratum Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 1 Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 1 Carex frankii Frank's Sedge; Bristly Cattail Sedge Native 1 Carex scoparia Broom Sedge; Lance-Fruited Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Desmodium canadense Showy Tick Trefoil Native 1 Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 224Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 1 Gentiana alba Cream gentian Native 1 Geum sp. Unknown Avens Undetermined 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Helianthus giganteus Giant Sunflower; Tall Sunflower Native 1 Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 1 Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native 1 Koeleria macrantha June Grass; Prairie June Grass Native 2 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 pd Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 4 ed Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 ed Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined 2 Pycnanthemum sp. Unknown Mountain Mint Undetermined 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rosa sp. Unknown Rose Undetermined 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Senecio pauperculus Ragwort Native 3 2 Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 225Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 3 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 2 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 2 1 Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native 2 pd Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Native 2 Vernonia fasciculata Common Ironweed; Prairie Ironweed; Smooth Ironweed Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 226Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park/Oxeye Prairie Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland1.181.181.181.181.18Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland50.3550.3550.3550.35Total Acres1.1851.5351.53051.5351.53Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)1,500$ 1,500$ 1,500$ 150$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost11,770$ 77,295$ 77,295$ -$ 7,730$ 15,000$ 179,090$ Notes:Overseed shrub/scrub and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 227 D C BC D D CD D D 660 665670675 650640645680 655 645640640 650 655640645 645 640640645645 65064064564 5 640640650645645 640 6 4 5 650645 650 640650 645 640 6456 4 5 645640645645650645 645645640 640665 655640650645 6456 4 5 640650645650 640 640645640645 64 5 640645 640 645640660 650645655655 6456406406406406 4 5 640655 650645 640 650 64565 0 640640645640650640 6 4 5 645 640640650645645 D D C 680 680680680 655655 640 645645650655 650650 655 645 6 4 0645645645640645 645 655 645640645640645 640645655650650 6406 4 5 6506 4 5 645 655 655 640655 650655 640640650650670640645645650 64 0 645645640645 64564 5 6 4 0 6456456406406 4 0 650650 6 4 0 6 4 0 64064564 5 645655650655 645 6 4 5 645650 645640645 64564064 5645650 640650650645650 640 640640 645 640645 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 760380 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Herbaceous Lowland Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway I. C. Kickers Soccer Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 228 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN KIWANIS PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Kiwanis Park Natural Area Size (ac): 15 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, southwest of Teg Drive, near Buchanan Court Park/Natural Area Class: Community Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Willow Creek Assessment (2010- 2011) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •NA Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo silt loam (0-2% slopes), occasionally flooded, overwash Hydrology Features: Willow Creek flows northwest to southeast Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 229 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 4.27 28.9% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) C 1.04 7.0% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.54 3.7% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 7.56 51.1% 14. Building 0.02 0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 1.37 9.3% Totals 14.79 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed Garter snake None observed APPENDIX B. | 230 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, poison ivy, etc.) •100-yr floodplain and floodway encroach on most of site •Portions of Willow Creek banks have moderate to severe erosion •Reno mattresses along creek overgrown with willow and cottonwood •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion •Willow Creek access opportunity Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize Willow Creek banks APPENDIX B. | 231Kiwanis Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Prairie Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 3 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood; Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 pd Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Prunus americana American Plum; Wild Plum Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Native 1 Prunus x cistena Purple Leaf Sand Cherry; Dwarf Red Leaf Sand Cherry Not Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 pd Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 232Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Prairie Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native 1 cf Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 cf Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 1 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 cf Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 cf Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 233Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Prairie Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 pd Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 1 Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 cf Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined 1 Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal; Heal-All Native 1 Pycnanthemum sp. Unknown Mountain Mint Undetermined 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 2 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 234Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Prairie Stachys palustris Woundwort Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 ed 2 pd Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 235Kiwanis Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland4.274.274.274.27Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland1.041.041.041.04Total Acres4.275.315.3105.311.04Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,000$ 300$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost110,675$ 10,620$ 5,310$ -$ 1,593$ 1,500$ 29,698$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland and prairie following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 236 C 665 670 6 7 5 68 0 685 670 670675 67 5 675 6 8 0 680680675 6 7 5 675 675 675 68067 5680680675680 675675675675675675675 6 7 5 67 5 6 7 5 675 6 8 0 685685 68 0 6806806 8 0 6806 8 0 6756 8 0 6806806 8 0 680 680 6 8 0 6706 8 0 6 8 0 680 680680 680680680Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 480240 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Prairie Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Kiwanis Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 237 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN LANDFILL WETLAND MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Landfill Wetland Natural Area Size (ac): 10 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South end of landfill, located on the west side of Iowa City, at the terminus (3900) of Hebl Avenue SW Park/Natural Area Class: Constructed/mitigation wetland Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Landfill Management Plan. 2013 X X (incl. 2013 abund.) X (general; thru 2017) 2 basins and upland and riparian buffers; constructed in 2010 Mitigation Report (Dec. 2016) X X veg cover map Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Opportunities up and downstream of drainageway (just southwest of site) Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Phebe Creek, just southwest of site, flows to southeast Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Wetland mitigation site APPENDIX B. | 238 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) CD 5.25 55.0% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) BC 3.62 37.9% 11. Open Water NR 0.77 8.1% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 9.54 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed Bullfrog Blanchard’s Cricket Frog Viceroy Butterfly Monarch Butterfly Silver-Spotted Skipper Least Skipper Prairie Walking Stick APPENDIX B. | 239 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (cattails, reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, red clover, etc.) •100-yr floodplain encroaches on west edge of site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 240Landfill Wetland Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 3 Herbaceous Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Achillea millefolium Western Yarrow Native 1 Acorus americanus American Sweet Flag Native 1 Alisma subcordatum American Water Plantain Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native 1 Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles Native 1 Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll's Eyes; White Doll's Daisy Native 3 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 cf Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge Native 2 Carex comosa Bristly Sedge; Longhair Sedge Native 1 Carex cristatella Crested Sedge; Crested Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 3 Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea Native 1 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 2 cf Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Coreopsis lanceolata Lance-Leaved Coreopsis Native 1 Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie clover Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 241Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Eupatorium altissimum Tall Boneset Native 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 1 cf Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Native 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 2 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 2 Iris versicolor Harlequin Blue Flag Iris Not Native 1 Juncus dudleyi Dudley's Rush Native 1 3 Juncus torreyi Torrey's Rush Native 2 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 Liatris spicata Dense Blazing Star Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Lycopus americanus American Water Horehound; American Bugleweed Native 1 Lythrum alatum Winged Loosestrife Native 1 Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Not Native 1 Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 pd Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Penthorum sedoides Ditch Stonecrop Native 1 Persicaria hydropiperoides False Water Pepper; Mild Waterpepper; Swamp Smartweed Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 242Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 3 pd 3 pd Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 3 ed 1 cf Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native 2 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 2 Rudbeckia subtomentosa Sweet Black-Eyed Susan; Sweet Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 2 Schoenoplectus acutus Hard Stem Bulrush; Common Tule Native 2 Schoenoplectus pungens Three-Square Bulrush; Common Threesquare Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 2 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 3 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 3 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 2 Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native 3 Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 Symphyotrichum puniceum Purple-Stemmed Aster; Swamp Aster Native 1 Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native 1 Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 3 pd Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 3 pd Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 243Landfill Wetland Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland8.878.878.878.87Total Acres08.878.8708.878.87Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 1,000$ 250$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 22,175$ 8,870$ -$ 2,218$ 3,500$ 36,763$ Notes:Overseed prairie and herbaceous lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 244 CD BC BC BC 695 7 0 5 700 6 9 0 6 9 0 700 690 700 690 695 7 0 5 705 7 0 5 7 0 0 6 9 5 705 690 690 68 5 6 9 0 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 310155 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Landfill Wetland Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 245 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN LINDEMANN TRAIL GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Lindemann Trail Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 9 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Between Lindemann Drive and Charles Drive Park/Natural Area Class: Park/greenway Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South to Scott Park Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) and Ackmore silt loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows south along site Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park/greenway; recent vegetation management and stream bank stabilization APPENDIX B. | 246 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 1.02 10.9% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.41 4.4% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 7.60 81.0% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.36 3.8% Totals 9.38 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 247 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, non-native bromes, reed canary grass, etc.) •Recent vegetation management and stream bank stabilization •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Establish native buffer along drainageway (convert turf to prairie) APPENDIX B. | 248Lindemann Trail Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Not Native 1 cf Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 2 pd Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex sp. Unknown Sedge Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 249Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 2 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Medicago sativa Alfalfa Not Native 1 cf Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 3 pd Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 2 pd Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Ratibida columnifera Upright Prairie Coneflower; Long-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 2 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 2 pd Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 250Lindemann Trail Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland1.021.021.02Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.410.410.410.41Total Acres1.021.430.4101.430.41Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 900$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost12,550$ 3,575$ 615$ -$ 1,287$ 1,500$ 9,527$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland and grassland following brush/weed removal.Native buffer (i.e., convert turf to prairie) recommended but not included in costs above.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 2517207307357407 4 5 7257 3 5 735725 730740 740 730725725725725725735 735 735 725Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 550275 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Lindemann Trail Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 252 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN LONGFELLOW NATURE TRAIL MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Longfellow Nature Trail Natural Area Size (ac): 2 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Central district, southeast of the intersection of Sheridan Avenue and Longfellow Court Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Site history (Jan 2016) X (brief) First prairie planting 1996; also tree plantings; burned 1999 Seed order X Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •NA Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows north through site Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Heavily used nature trail; last burned in 1999 APPENDIX B. | 253 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.47 22.5% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) C, D 1.22 58.4% 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.26 12.4% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.14 6.7% Totals 2.09 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Threatened: Filipendula rubra State Species of Concern: Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 254 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (white mulberry, poison hemlock, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on almost entire site •Minor erosion along Ralston Creek banks Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 255Longfellow Nature Trail Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 3 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 1 Rhus sp. Unknown Sumac Undetermined 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood; Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Native 1 Corylus americana American Hazelnut; American Hazel Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Malus sp. Unknown Apple Undetermined 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Pinus sp. Unknown Pine Undetermined 1 Prunus americana American Plum; Wild Plum Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Rhus sp. Unknown Sumac Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 256Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf 1 pd Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 1 Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed; Tall Anemone Native 1 Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Baptisia sp. Unknown Wild Indigo Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 pd Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cichorium intybus Chicory Not Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf 2 cf Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native 1 Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflower Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 257Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Echinocystis lobata Wild Cucumber Native 1 1 Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Native 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 Heracleum maximum Cow Parsnip Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 pd Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 pd Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 1 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Polygonum persicaria Spotted Ladythumb Not Native 1 Pycnanthemum sp. Unknown Mountain Mint Undetermined 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 258Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna; American Senna Native 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 2 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 1 Stellaria sp. Unknown Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 1 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 259Longfellow Nature Trail Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.470.470.47Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland1.221.221.221.221.22Grassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres1.691.691.2201.691.22Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,000$ 1,000$ 600$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost13,380$ 3,380$ 1,220$ -$ 1,014$ 1,500$ 10,494$ Notes:Overseed savanna following brush/weed removal.Overseed altered forest/woodland as needed (costs not included in table above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 260 D C D D 6706806756756756 8 0675675 675Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 230115 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Savanna Open Water Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Minor Erosion Longfellow Nature Trail Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 261 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN MAKADA WETLAND MITIGATION MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Makada Wetland Mitigation Natural Area Size (ac): 4 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Northwest corner of Kountry Ln. SE and Lehman Ave. Park/Natural Area Class: Constructed/mitigation wetland Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Mitigation Report (Dec. 2015) X X veg cover map Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South to Sycamore Greenway Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: interbedded silts, sands and sandy loams Hydrology Features: Basins designed with pothole depressions; Makada I outlets to the greater South Sycamore Drainage system; Makada II outlets to the greater South Sycamore Storm Water Outlet Wetlands system; Makada III outlets into the South Sycamore Stormwater Corridor. Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland with unspecified drainage modifications Current Use and Management: Wetland mitigation site; City staff have monitored the site intermittently; initial 2010 seeding failed, so re-seeded in 2011 & 2013 APPENDIX B. | 262 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) CD, D 1.66 39.1% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) C 2.17 51.1% 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.37 8.7% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.05 1.2% Totals 4.25 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Juncus effusus Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 263 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, cattails, etc.) •Small site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Monitor invading saplings, remove as necessary APPENDIX B. | 264Makada Wetland Mitigation Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Alisma subcordatum American Water Plantain Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 1 Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll's Eyes; White Doll's Daisy Native 1 Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Joint Grass; Bluejoint Native 2 Carex annectens Yellow Fox Sedge; Yellowfruit Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 2 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Coreopsis palmata Prairie Coreopsis Native 1 Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-Leaved Teasel Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 Juncus effusus Common Rush; Soft Rush Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 265Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 pd Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 pd Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 3 pd 1 pd Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 1 cf Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 pd Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania Smartweed Native 1 Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil Native 1 Pycnanthemum sp. Unknown Mountain Mint Undetermined 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus cyperinus Wool Grass Native 1 Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 2 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native 1 Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 1 pd Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 2 pd Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native 1 Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native 2 pd Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Native 1 1 APPENDIX B. | 266Species name Common name Origin Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native 1 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 267Makada Wetland Mitigation Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland3.833.833.833.83Total Acres03.833.8303.833.83Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 1,000$ 300$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 7,660$ 3,830$ -$ 1,149$ 2,000$ 14,639$ Notes:Overseed prairie and herbaceous lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 268 C CD D 6606 5 5 655Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 17085 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Makada Wetland Mitigation Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 269 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN NORMANDY DR/ASHTON HOUSE MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Normandy Dr/Ashton House Natural Area Size (ac): 4 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Northwest of the intersection of Park Road and Lee Street Park/Natural Area Class: Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •West (across Iowa River) to Peninsula Park Dominant Soils Upland: Sattre loam (0-2% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Iowa River immediately northwest of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Event facility APPENDIX B. | 270 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) NN 0.83 22.0% 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 2.15 56.9% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.19 5.0% 14. Building 0.08 2.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.54 14.3% Totals 3.78 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 271 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, etc.) •Small site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 272Normandy Dr/Ashton House Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Savanna Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Bromus tectorum Downy Brome; Downy Chess; Cheatgrass Not Native 1 cf Cichorium intybus Chicory Not Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Mentha arvensis Wild Mint; Field Mint; Corn Mint Native 1 Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower; Allegheny Monkeyflower; Square-Stemmed Monkeyflower Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 4 ed APPENDIX B. | 273Species name Common name Origin Savanna Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Stachys palustris Woundwort Native 1 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 274Normandy Dr/Ashton House Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.830.830.830.830.83Grassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.830.830.8300.830.83Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)1,000$ 2,500$ 1,500$ NANAOpinions of Probable Cost1830$ 2,075$ 1,245$ -$ 1,000$ 1,500$ 6,650$ Notes:Overseed savanna following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 275645650655655655655Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 14070 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Savanna Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Normandy Dr/Ashton House Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 276 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN PENINSULA PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Peninsula Park Natural Area Size (ac): 113 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North district, at the end of Foster Road Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Concept plan (Nov. 1998) X X envisioned site providing water supply, residential development, and park Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •East (across Iowa River) to Normandy Dr/Ashton House •South (across Iowa River) to Crandic Park Dominant Soils Upland: Sattre loam (0-2% slopes), Fayette silt loam (14-18% slopes), and Chelsea loamy fine (incl. texture) sand (2-5% slopes) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) and Coppock silt loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Park located on peninsula of Iowa River Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Timber harvest, cropland and grazing Current Use and Management: Active and passive park; water plant well field APPENDIX B. | 277 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) BC 27.32 24.3% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 24.92 22.1% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) CD 18.79 16.7% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 2.28 2.0% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland CD 15.98 14.2% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) CD 0.46 0.4% 11. Open Water NR 2.39 2.1% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 16.84 14.9% 14. Building 0.04 <0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 3.62 3.2% Totals 112.65 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Field Sparrow1 Western Chorus Frog None observed 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need APPENDIX B. | 278 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Oriental bittersweet, poison ivy, Siberian elm, smooth brome, creeping Charlie, reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, etc.) •Higher quality remnant forest in southern portion of site (impacted by disc golf course) •100-yr and 500-yr floodplains and floodway encroach on site •State SGCN Field Sparrow seen at site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 279Peninsula Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 4 Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 2 2 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 3 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 2 2 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 3 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus alba White Oak Native 2 1 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 2 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 2 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 2 2 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native 2 pd Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 1 1 1 Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native 1 Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 3 pd 2 pd 1 cf Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 1 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 2 APPENDIX B. | 280Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Crataegus mollis Downy Hawthorn Native 1 1 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Not Native 1 pd Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 3 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 2 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 1 Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Native 1 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd 1 pd 2 pd Ostrya virginiana Ironwood; Eastern Hop Hornbeam Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 3 1 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 2 Populus sp. Unknown poplar/aspen/cottonwood Undetermined 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 1 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 2 pd 2 pd 1 cf Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry; Common Blackberry Native 2 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 1 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 1 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 281Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Smilax tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier; China Root; Hellfetter Native 1 1 2 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 3 ed 3 ed 3 ed 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 2 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 3 ed 2 ed 2 pd Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 1 3 Herbaceous Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Agrostis gigantea Redtop; Black Bent Not Native 1 cf Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Apios americana Potato Bean; Groundnut Native 1 Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native 1 1 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 1 Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native 2 cf Boehmeria cylindrica Smallspike False Nettle; Bog Hemp Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 4 ed 3 ed 2 pd Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Campanula americana Tall Bellflower Native 1 Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge Native 1 Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 1 Carex grayi Gray's Sedge Native 1 Carex grisea Wood Gray Sedge; Inflated Narrow-Leaf Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 282Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Sedge Carex jamesii James' Sedge Native 1 Carex lupulina Hop Sedge Native 1 Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge Native 1 Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 Cinna arundinacea Sweet Woodreed; Stout Woodreed Native 1 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Claytonia virginica Eastern Spring Beauty Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Dichanthelium clandestinum Deer-Tongue Grass; Deertongue Native 1 Dryopteris sp. Unknown Wood Fern Undetermined 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 2 Enemion biternatum False Rue Anemone Native 1 1 Epilobium coloratum Cinnamon Willow Herb; Purpleleaf Willow Herb Native 1 Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 3 ed Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 2 1 Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 283Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native 3 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 4 pd 4 ed Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 2 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 2 pd Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia Waterleaf; Eastern Waterleaf Native 1 Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native 3 1 Leersia virginica Whitegrass; White Cutgrass; Virginia Cutgrass Native 1 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 pd 1 pd 1 cf Mentha arvensis Wild Mint; Field Mint; Corn Mint Native 1 Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower; Allegheny Monkeyflower; Square-Stemmed Monkeyflower Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 cf Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican Muhly; Leafy Satin Grass Native 1 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 1 Persicaria virginiana Jumpseed Native 3 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 3 pd 2 cf 2 pd 3 pd 3 ed Phlox divaricata Blue Phlox; Wild Blue Phlox; Woodland Phlox Native 1 Phyla lanceolata Lanceleaf fogfruit; Frogfruit Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 284Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 3 Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 3 ed 4 ed 3 ed 4 ed 1 cf Poa sp. Unknown Bluegrass Undetermined 2 Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native 1 1 Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Native 1 Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp Buttercup Native 1 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 pd Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 3 Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 3 3 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Stachys palustris Woundwort Native 2 1 Stellaria media Chickweed; Common Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native 1 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 1 cf Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 3 ed 3 ed Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 cf 3 pd Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 2 Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 pd Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 1 1 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 2 1 APPENDIX B. | 285Peninsula Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland68.2268.2268.2268.2227.32Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland18.7918.7918.7918.7918.79Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland2.742.742.742.74Total Acres87.0189.7589.75089.7548.85Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,000$ 100$ 500$ Opinions of Probable Cost1217,525$ 179,500$ 89,750$ -$ 8,975$ 24,425$ 520,175$ Notes:Prescribed burning in forest/woodland to occur only in Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland.Overseed forest/woodland, shrub/scrub, and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 286 ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ Japanese Hop Callery Pear Oriental Bittersweet BC CD CD CD CD CD BC 6 7 5680 655660690665670685 65064 5 65065566564 5 66 5 650 650645650 650645655 650655 6 4 5 645 660 655655 64565 0 655655645655645655 645 645655 650650650 6 4 5 6 7 0 645650650655650650 65 0 650650650645650650645655 65 0 65064 5 650650655Poison Hemlock Japanese Barberry CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD 695695640 6 7 0 685650645645 6 4 5645645645 64 5 65565565 5655 65565 5 690 6456456556556 6 0 64 5 6456 5 0 6 4 5655 6 4 5 6 4 5 6456556 5 5 670 6556 4 5 650645 6 5 5 655655 6456 4 5 655660 65064 5 645 6556 4 5 6456 4 5 655655 655 6806 4 5 65064564565564 5655655 645655 645645645 675650 64565565065565564 5 65 0 645 655 645 655 64564 5 6456606 4 5 655655 66065 5 645645655 6456456 5 5 6656556706 4 5 66065 5 6 5 5655660 6506 4 5655655 685 645655 645645Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1,000500 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Peninsula Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 287 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN REC CENTER GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Rec Center Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 1 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West of Van Buren Street between Washington Street and Burlington Street Park/Natural Area Class: Urban riparian corridor Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South to Riverfront Crossings Greenway (along Ralston Creek) Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows south through site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Ditch Current Use and Management: Narrow riparian corridor APPENDIX B. | 288 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) D 0.58 52.3% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.25 22.5% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.18 16.2% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.10 9.0% Totals 1.11 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 289 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, Japanese knotweed, Japanese hop, sweet clovers, etc.) •Small/narrow site •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site •Stable banks to moderate erosion along Ralston Creek Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize eroding sections of stream bank APPENDIX B. | 290Rec Center Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Canopy Stratum Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Tilia americana American Basswood Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Malus sp. Unknown Apple Undetermined 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 291Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 cf Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinocystis lobata Wild Cucumber Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native 1 Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native 1 Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild Four O'Clock Native 1 Nepeta cataria Catnip Not Native 1 cf Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed Not Native 2 cf Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 292Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 293Rec Center Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.580.580.580.58Grassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.580.580.5800.580Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,000$ 1,000$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost11,160$ 1,160$ 580$ -$ 1,000$ -$ 3,900$ Notes:Overseed shrub/scrub following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 294 ^_ ^_Japanese Hop D D D650 655660645670665665665Japanese Knotweed 665Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 200100 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Shrub/Scrub Open Water Woodland with Turf Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Moderate to Severe Erosion Rec Center Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 295 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN RIVERFRONT CROSSINGS GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Riverfront Crossings Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 3 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Between Dubuque Street and Gilbert Street, north of Kirkwood Avenue Park/Natural Area Class: Urban riparian corridor Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Southwest to Riverfront Crossings Park •North to Rec Center Greenway (along Ralston Creek) Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows south through site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens and Prairie Past Land Uses: Unknown Current Use and Management: Narrow riparian corridor APPENDIX B. | 296 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 1.96 62.2% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.09 2.9% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.86 27.3% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.10 3.2% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.14 4.4% Totals 3.15 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects Muskrat None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 297 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (white mulberry, burdock, Japanese hop, etc.) •Small/narrow site, two parcels •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site •Minor to severe erosion along Ralston Creek banks Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize eroding sections of stream bank APPENDIX B. | 298Riverfront Crossings Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Pinus strobus White Pine; Eastern White Pine Native 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 1 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 299Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Herbaceous Stratum Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf Not Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 2 pd Asclepias sp. Unknown Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 cf Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 pd 1 cf Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinocystis lobata Wild Cucumber Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 cf Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 2 pd Impatiens pallida Yellow Jewelweed; Pale Jewelweed; Pale Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Medicago sativa Alfalfa Not Native 1 cf Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild Four O'Clock Native 1 Miscanthus sp. Unknown Silvergrass Not Native 1 cf Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Nepeta cataria Catnip Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 300Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd 1 pd Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed Not Native 1 pd Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry Not Native 1 2 Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Setaria faberi Giant Foxtail; Nodding Foxtail; Japanese Bristlegrass Not Native 1 cf Setaria glauca Yellow Foxtail Not Native 1 cf Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade; Climbing Nightshade Not Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress Not Native 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 cf Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 301Riverfront Crossings Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland1.961.961.961.96Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.090.090.09Total Acres1.962.052.0502.050Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,000$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 500$ Opinions of Probable Cost15,880$ 5,125$ 3,075$ -$ 1,025$ -$ 15,105$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 302 ^_Japanese Knotweed 640645635665 655 650670 655 645 640645650650660 660 670 640665 650Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 380190 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Non-native Grassland Open Water Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Riverfront Crossings Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 303 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN RIVERFRONT CROSSINGS PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Riverfront Crossings Park Natural Area Size (ac): 18 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Central district, southwest of corner of Kirkwood Avenue and Clinton Street Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northeast to Riverfront Crossings Greenway (along Ralston Creek) Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Sparta loamy fine sand (0-2% slopes) and Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows south just east of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Wastewater treatment plant Current Use and Management: Wetland restoration APPENDIX B. | 304 Existing Land Cover Types: NOT ASSESSED BY AES DUE TO ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 0.00 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: Vegetation surveys were not completed for this site by AES since it was under construction. Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 305 Issues and Opportunities: •100-yr and 500-yr floodplains encroach on site •Minor to moderate/severe erosion along Ralston Creek banks (just east of site) Restoration and Management Goals: •Follow management plan after construction is completed. •Stabilize eroding sections of stream bank APPENDIX B. | 306Riverfront Crossings Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres000000Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)Opinions of Probable Cost1-$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ MANAGEMENT PLAN NOT DEVELOPED BY AES DUE TO ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONNotes:Follow management plan after construction is completed.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 307 635 6 4 5 655 64065 0660 645650 65 0 650640 650650645650 635645645650 650 650 645 65064065 06406 5 0 6 3 5 645640640645650645 6456406456 4 5 640645650645635645 640 65 0 64 5 640645 645 650645650 650645645 650 645645645Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 325162.5 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Riverfront Crossings Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 308 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ROHRET ROAD PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Rohret Road Prairie Natural Area Size (ac): 1 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North of Rohret Road, east and west of Walden Court Park/Natural Area Class: Restored prairie Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City City memo by Atkins (Nov. 1995) X Planting list (Oct. 1995) X Plant species observations (Nations Jun. 2011) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northwest to Walden Detention Area Dominant Soils Upland: Clinton silt loam (9-14% slopes) and Fayette silt loam (14-18% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Prairie has been burned, mowed, and overseeded APPENDIX B. | 309 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC 0.78 100% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 0.78 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 310 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (sweet clovers, Japanese brome, etc.) •Small site, two parcels Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 311Rohret Road Prairie Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Herbaceous Stratum Acer ginnala Amur Maple Not Native 1 cf Allium canadense Wild Onion Native 2 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 3 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 2 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Barbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket; Common Winter Cress Not Native 1 cf Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 2 cf Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 2 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 pd Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native 2 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois Bundleflower Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 1 cf Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 312Species name Common name Origin Prairie Malus pumila Orchard Apple Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 3 pd Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 3 pd Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 3 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass Not Native 1 cf Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 2 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 2 Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna; American Senna Native 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 3 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native 1 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 313Rohret Road Prairie Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.780.780.78Total Acres00.78000.780.78Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ NANAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 1,560$ -$ -$ 1,000$ 1,500$ 4,060$ Notes:Overseed prairie if needed following brush/weed removal (costs not included in table above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 314 BC BC 72 5 7207 3 0 715 715Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 14070 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Rohret Road Prairie Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 315 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN RYERSON’S WOODS MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Ryerson’s Woods Natural Area Size (ac): 49 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, just outside the City limits at the intersection of Old Highway 218 S and Oak Crest Hill Rd SE (just southwest of the Johnson County Fairgrounds) Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Management Plan for Ryerson’s Woods State Preserve (2014) X X (detailed) X Known for spring flora and ferns; generalized veg cover map Spring Wildflower Walk Invitation (2014) X X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •East to natural areas and (across Iowa River) Terry Trueblood Recreation Area •Possible connection to County land to north Dominant Soils Upland: Clinton silt loam (2-9% slopes) and Lindley loam (18-25% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: Located west of the Iowa River floodplain; site dissected by a ravine with six tributaries Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Borrow pit, selective logging, pasture and cropland Current Use and Management: Passive park and research APPENDIX B. | 316 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) BC, C, CD, D 33.20 67.4% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) BC 5.81 11.8% 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 8.67 17.6% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) CD 0.22 0.4% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) B 0.38 0.8% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.76 1.5% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14. Building 0.01 <0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.20 0.4% Totals 49.25 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Scarlet Tanager Tree Frog None observed APPENDIX B. | 317 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckle, poison ivy, etc.) •Ravine erosion present in several locations •Trails in northern portion of site used by mountain bikers; not appropriate for this site •Prescribed burning and spot spray herbicide controversial at this site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize eroding sections of ravines APPENDIX B. | 318Ryerson’s Woods Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species Name Common Name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/ Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Canopy Stratum Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory; Pignut Hickory Native 1 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory; Shellbark Hickory Native 2 2 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 3 3 1 Fraxinus americana White Ash Native 2 3 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 3 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 1 1 Quercus alba White Oak Native 3 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 2 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 3 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native 1 cf Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory; Shellbark Hickory Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 3 1 Corylus americana American Hazelnut; American Hazel Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 3 Euonymus alatus Burning Bush; Winged Euonymus; Winged Wahoo Not Native 1 cf Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo Native 1 Fraxinus americana White Ash Native 2 1 Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Native 1 1 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd 1 cf 2 pd 1 pd Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 319Species Name Common Name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/ Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf 1 pd Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry; Common Blackberry Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Common Elderberry Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla Native 1 Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon; Dragon Root Native 1 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native 1 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Athyrium filix-femina Northern Lady Fern; Common Lady Fern Native 1 Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern; Common Grapefern Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd Cardamine concatenata Cutleaf Toothwort Native 1 Cinna arundinacea Sweet Woodreed; Stout Woodreed Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 2 2 APPENDIX B. | 320Species Name Common Name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/ Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Claytonia virginica Eastern Spring Beauty Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 3 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 2 Carex jamesii James' Sedge Native 2 Carex normalis Greater Straw Sedge; Spreading Oval Sedge Native 1 Desmodium cuspidatum Hairy-Bracted Tick Trefoil; Large-Bracted Tick Trefoil Native 2 Desmodium glutinosum Pointed Leaf Tick Trefoil; Clustered Leaf Tick Trefoil Native 1 Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches Native 1 Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Fern; Toothed Wood Fern Native 1 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Ellisia nyctelea Aunt Lucy; Water-pod Native 1 Elymus villosus Silky Wild Rye Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 2 1 1 Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily; White Fawn Lily; White Dogtooth Violet Native 1 Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 3 Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge Native 1 Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 2 2 APPENDIX B. | 321Species Name Common Name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/ Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 2 1 Gentiana alba Cream gentian Native 1 Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native 4 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 Liparis loeselii Fen Orchid, Yellow Widelip Orchid; Bog Twayblade Native 1 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 4 3 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 pd Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 2 1 Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native 2 Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Native 2 Potentilla arguta Prairie Cinquefoil Native 2 Pycnanthemum pilosum Hairy Mountain Mint Native 1 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 4 Rosa blanda Prairie Rose; Smooth Wild Rose; Early Wild Rose Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 322Species Name Common Name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/ Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf Coneflower; Goldenglow Native 1 Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 4 2 Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap Native 1 Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 1 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal, False Spikenard Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 4 3 Solidago flexicaulis Zig-Zag Goldenrod; Broadleaf Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago ulmifolia Elm-Leaf Goldenrod Native 1 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry; Indian currant Native 1 Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 1 Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow Rue Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd 1 cf 4 ed Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 4 Triosteum perfoliatum Horse Gentian; Feverwort Native 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 2 Uvularia grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort Native 1 1 Viola pubescens Yellow Violet; Downy Yellow Violet Native 2 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 2 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 323Ryerson’s Woods Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland47.6847.688.678.6747.6833.20Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.220.220.22Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.380.380.38Total Acres47.948.288.678.6748.2833.58Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)1,500$ 2,000$ 1,200$ 750$ 250$ 500$ Opinions of Probable Cost171,850$ 96,560$ 10,404$ 6,503$ 12,070$ 16,790$ 214,177$ Notes:Overseed altered forest/woodland areas following brush/weed removal.Install oaks and hickories (e.g., seeds, seedlings, saplings) in altered forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Prescribed burning in forest/woodland to occur only in dry-mesic forest/woodland.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)1 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter.Total Opinion of Probable Cost1 APPENDIX B. | 324 ^_ #I #I #I #I #I #I Common Reed BC BC C CD B D 69570075 5 760665750670745 765710 705690725 720730 66068567574073568 07157 7 0 655715 730 710735 715 710 735755750710760665720675680725690730 685745735 765705 730705725740 670740 715 CD 655 655 710 670 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 490245 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area#I Notable Erosion Feature ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Mesic Forest Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Prairie Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Ryerson's Woods Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 325 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SAND PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Sand Prairie Natural Area Size (ac): 38 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, north of McCollister Court and east of Gilbert Street Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Iowa City Sand Prairie Natural Area Management Plan (2005) X X X Burn plan Iowa City Sand Prairie Controlled Burn map (2015) Shows 2015 burn unit Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northeast to Wetherby Park •Southwest to Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Dominant Soils Upland: Sparta loamy fine sand (5-18% slopes), Dickinson fine sandy loam (2-5% slopes), (incl. texture) Tama-Dickinson complex silt loam (9-14% slopes), and “Pits Sand and Gravel” Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: Small pond Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Intensive grazing and sand mining Current Use and Management: Passive park and research; prescribed burn western 2/3 in 2015 APPENDIX B. | 326 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 4.12 10.9% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) CD 7.27 19.2% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) CD 25.33 67.0% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) C 0.48 1.3% 11. Open Water NR 0.30 0.8% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.28 0.7% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 37.78 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects White-Tailed Deer Ring-Necked Pheasant Field Sparrow1 Eastern Meadowlark1 Lizard Ornate Box Turtle2 Painted Turtle Leopard Frog Green Frog Several spp of Odonata 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need 2 State Threatened (not observed by AES, but previously documented at site) APPENDIX B. | 327 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Siberian elm, honeysuckles, smooth brome, yellow sweet clover, Japanese stiltgrass, poison ivy, etc.) •Cultural resources have been reported on site •State-threatened ornate box turtle recorded previously at site (use prescribed burning cautiously) •State SGCN Field Sparrow and Eastern Meadowlark seen at site •History of flora and fauna poaching Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Convert shrub/scrub to prairie APPENDIX B. | 328Sand Prairie Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 4 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 pd Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Crataegus mollis Downy Hawthorn Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 4 ed 1 ed 1 cf Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Maclura pomifera Osage Orange Not Native 2 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 ed 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 1 Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 ed 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Achillea millefolium Western Yarrow Native 1 1 Agalinis sp. Unknown False Foxglove Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 329Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 3 Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Not Native 1 cf Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 2 pd Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 2 Ambrosia psilostachya Western Ragweed; Perennial Ragweed Native 1 Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Berteroa incana Hoary Alyssum Not Native 1 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd 4 ed 4 ed Bromus tectorum Downy Brome; Downy Chess; Cheatgrass Not Native 2 cf Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge Native 2 Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 2 Carex grisea Wood Gray Sedge; Inflated Narrow-Leaf Sedge Native 2 Carex jamesii James' Sedge Native 2 Carex scoparia Broom Sedge; Lance-Fruited Oval Sedge Native 2 2 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 2 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 Dichanthelium sp. Unknown Panic Grass Native 2 1 Eleocharis palustris Common Spikerush Native 2 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 ed Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 2 Juncus nodosus Knotted Rush Native 1 Juncus sp. Unknown Rush Undetermined 1 Juncus torreyi Torrey's Rush Native 1 Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 330Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf Lithospermum caroliniense Carolina Puccoon; Hairy Puccoon Native 1 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Ludwigia sp. Unknown Water Primrose Undetermined 1 Lycopus americanus American Water Horehound; American Bugleweed Native 2 Maclura pomifera Osage Orange Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 3 pd Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass Not Native 2 pd Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 3 2 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 1 cf Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 pd 1 pd 2 ed Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Native 1 Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rosa arkansana Prairie Rose Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 2 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 1 1 APPENDIX B. | 331Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry; Indian currant Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 pd 2 ed 3 ed 1 ed Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native 1 pd Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 2 ed 2 pd Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 pd 2 pd Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native 1 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 332Sand Prairie Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland4.124.124.124.12Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland7.277.277.277.277.27Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland25.8125.8125.8125.81Total Acres11.3937.237.2037.233.08Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 200$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost122,780$ 93,000$ 55,800$ -$ 7,440$ 13,232$ 192,252$ Notes:Sparse woody vegetetation in prairie should be removed or killed using prescribed fire (removal costs not included in table above).Overseed altered forest/woodland, shrub/scrub, and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 333 ^_ ^_ Japanese Stiltgrass CD CD CD CD CD 670665 675 6 8 0 6 8 5 69 0 69 5 700 66 0 705 71 0 715 655720 725720700 715 68 0 675 705 700710 700 705 66 5 685 705 700705 71 0 670 715 71 0 71 5 69 0 720 710715 720 675 705 710 7 1 5 695690 72 0 695 670 715 700 680 67 0 675 6 9 5 705680 700 69 0 69 0 695 705 7 0 5 710 695 69 5 70 5 695 685 715 Crown Vetch C C725685 6 9 5705705720 6907007 0 5 7 0 5 715 700 700710 710 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 650325 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Prairie Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Sand Prairie Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 334 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SCOTT PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Scott Park Natural Area Size (ac): 51 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Southeast district, south of Court Street, east and west of Scott Boulevard Park/Natural Area Class: Community Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Ralston Creek Assessment (2013- 2014) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North to Lindemann Trail Greenway •West to Court Hill Park (along Ralston Creek) •Southeast to Windsor Ridge Park Dominant Soils Upland: Tama silt loam (9-14% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Ackmore silt loam (0-2% slopes) and Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5%slopes) Hydrology Features: Ralston Creek flows to west through site; tributary (from Lindemann Trail Greenway) enters site from north Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park, maintained turf APPENDIX B. | 335 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.66 1.3% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 2.78 5.5% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland CD 12.66 25.1% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 1.01 2.0% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 1.97 3.9% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 28.46 56.3% 14. Building 0.01 <0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 2.97 5.9% Totals 50.52 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 336 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, garlic mustard, wild parsnip, etc.) •100-yr floodplain encroaches on much of site •Stable banks to moderate/severe erosion along Ralston Creek •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Stabilize eroding sections of stream bank APPENDIX B. | 337Scott Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 3 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 3 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 cf Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 2 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Malus pumila Orchard Apple Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 Prunus americana American Plum; Wild Plum Native 1 Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Native 2 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 2 cf Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 2 pd APPENDIX B. | 338Species name Common name Origin Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 1 Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native 2 cf Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 3 pd Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 2 Bidens frondosa Common Beggartick; Devil's Beggartick Native 2 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd 1 pd Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 1 Carex grisea Wood Gray Sedge; Inflated Narrow-Leaf Sedge Native 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 1 Convolvulus arvensis European Morning Glory; Field Bindweed Not Native 1 cf Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 2 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye Native 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 3 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 2 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 ed Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 2 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 2 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Lactuca floridana Woodland Lettuce Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 339Species name Common name Origin Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 pd Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 2 cf 2 cf Persicaria hydropiperoides False Water Pepper; Mild Waterpepper; Swamp Smartweed Native 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 4 ed 2 ed Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 2 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 ed Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Ranunculus abortivus Littleleaf Buttercup Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Smilax tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier; China Root; Hellfetter Native 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 3 Stellaria media Chickweed; Common Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster; One-Sided Aster; White Woodland Aster; Starved Aster Native 3 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 2 APPENDIX B. | 340Scott Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland13.3213.3213.32Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland2.782.782.782.78Total Acres13.3216.12.78016.12.78Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 200$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost133,300$ 40,250$ 4,170$ -$ 3,220$ 1,500$ 82,440$ Notes:Overseed non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 341 #I #I CD 705 7107157 2 0 725755760730735740 74 5725730720 7 3 0 735725720725730715715 735 715715720 710 720715725720 720730 715720 720725 CD CD CD CD CD CDCD CD CD 715715715 725 7 2 5 725725730730730730700 7 0 0 7 0 0700 735 735765740 74074 5 745745750750725720725715715720710720725725 710725725 725 715720725 720 720710720715710 7 3 5 725 720740725725730 720730 715735 730 720720715715715725 720715720 720 720725720725 720720 715 725 730 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1,100550 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area#I Notable Erosion Feature Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Stream Bank Stability (2010-2014 data) Stable Minor Erosion Moderate to Severe Erosion Scott Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 342 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SNYDER CREEK GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Snyder Creek Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 15 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): East of Scott Boulevard, north and south of Liberty Drive Park/Natural Area Class: Riparian corridor Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •West to ESRC Biocells •East to 420th Street Wetland •North-northeast to Windsor Ridge Park Dominant Soils Upland: Tama silt loam (2-14% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Snyder Creek flows to south through site; tributary (from ESRC Biocells) enters site from west Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Unknown APPENDIX B. | 343 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) D 5.40 35.8% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 2.77 18.4% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland D 1.53 10.2% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 4.98 33.0% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 0.30 2.0% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.09 0.6% Totals 15.07 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects White-Tailed Deer Beaver None observed Blanchard’s Cricket Frog None observed APPENDIX B. | 344 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Siberian elm, poison hemlock, reed canary grass, yellow sweet clover, wild parsnip, crown vetch, etc.) •Significant impervious cover to east •100-yr floodplain encroaches on most of site •Stable stream banks •Beaver dam caused flooding of private land •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 345Snyder Creek Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 2 Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Pinus strobus White Pine; Eastern White Pine Native 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill's Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 3 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 3 pd 3 pd Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Native 1 Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 cf 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 2 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 2 APPENDIX B. | 346Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Stratum Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Cicuta maculata Water Hemlock; Spotted Water Hemlock Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 2 cf Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 3 pd 1 cf 2 pd Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens Native 1 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 2 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 2 pd Lycopus americanus American Water Horehound; American Bugleweed Native 2 Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 2 pd 3 ed Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 3 pd 2 pd 2 cf Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 Persicaria amphibia Longroot Smartweed; Water Smartweed Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 2 pd 4 ed Phragmites australis Giant Reed Grass Not Native 1 cf Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed; Curly-Leaf Pondweed Not Native 1 pd Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 pd Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 347Species name Common name Origin Shrub/Scrub Non-Native Grassland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Rumex sp. Unknown Dock or Sorrel Undetermined 1 Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Setaria faberi Giant Foxtail; Nodding Foxtail; Japanese Bristlegrass Not Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 3 2 2 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 2 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 1 Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 1 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 2 pd Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 348Snyder Creek Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland6.936.936.936.936.93Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland2.772.772.772.77Total Acres6.939.79.709.79.7Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,000$ 3,000$ 1,500$ 300$ 500$ Opinions of Probable Cost120,790$ 29,100$ 14,550$ -$ 2,910$ 4,850$ 72,200$ Notes:Overseed shrub/scrub areas and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 349 D D655660 665 670670660670665655 670670665665660660670660655665660665 665660665670D D D D D D D D D D 670655 660660670665660 665 660 66066 5 6 6 5 670660665665670 660665 665Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 800400 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Shrub/Scrub Non-native Grassland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Snyder Creek Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 350 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN STURGIS FERRY PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Sturgis Ferry Park Natural Area Size (ac): 11 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, east of Riverside Drive, southeast of Ruppert Road terminus; east of airport Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North-northeast (across Iowa River and Highway 6) to Riverfront Crossings Park Dominant Soils Upland: NA (incl. texture) Lowland: Orthents, loamy Hydrology Features: Iowa River adjacent to east of site Historical Vegetation: Prairie and Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Little use except one event/yr; boat ramp APPENDIX B. | 351 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 2.57 22.7% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 5.43 47.9% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR 0.05 0.4% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 2.20 19.4% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 1.08 9.5% Totals 11.33 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Dickcissel1 None observed None observed 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need APPENDIX B. | 352 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (burdock, reed canary grass, birdsfoot trefoil, etc.) •Former landfill •100-yr and 500-yr floodplains encroach on site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 353Sturgis Ferry Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 3 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 2 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 pd Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 2 pd 1 cf Asclepias sp. Unknown Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 354Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf 1 pd Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus giganteus Giant Sunflower; Tall Sunflower Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native 1 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 2 pd Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 1 cf Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 pd Nepeta cataria Catnip Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 cf Salsola collina Slender Russian Thistle Not Native 2 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 355Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Non-Native Grassland Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade; Climbing Nightshade Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Tragopogon dubius Goat's Beard Not Native 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 cf Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 356Sturgis Ferry Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland2.572.572.572.57Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland5.435.435.435.43Total Acres2.5788085.43Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 300$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost16,425$ 20,000$ 12,000$ -$ 2,400$ 2,172$ 42,997$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland and non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 3576406506556456356356 5 0 650640645650 645645 645635635640 650 645650 650 650 650650 650645 650645 650 635 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 575287.5 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Non-native Grassland Open Water Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Sturgis Ferry Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 358 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SYCAMORE GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Sycamore Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 102 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, east of South Sycamore Street and north of the wastewater treatment plant Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Map of Sycamore Greenbelt Corridor (2010) Map shows berms, ponds, and wetlands South Sycamore Floodway Wetland Greenbelt Habitat & Trail System map Map shows future park, plantings, trails, berms, and ponds McCollister Alternatives and Revised maps Map shows alternative alignments for a proposed road South Sycamore Bird List X (birds) South Sycamore Three Year Burn Plan (2010) Includes detailed maps of units Sycamore Greenspace planting lists (2001) X Sycamore Greenspace proposed signage Signs describe site, wetland benefits, biodiversity, and fire management Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North/west to Makada Wetland Mitigation •East to large wetland complex •South to Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park (and Oxeye Prairie) •West (across County land) to Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Dominant Soils Upland: Muscatine silt loam (0-2% slopes), Tama silt loam (2-5% slopes) and Downs silt loam, till (incl. texture) plain, (2-9% slopes) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes), Houghton muck (0-2% slopes), and Colo silt loam (0-2% slopes), occasionally flooded, overwash Hydrology Features: Drainageway flows south toward Iowa River Historical Vegetation: Prairie APPENDIX B. | 359 Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Regional stormwater management; bike trail; prescribed burning Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC, CD, D 15.97 15.7% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 19.95 19.6% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland D 1.10 1.1% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland CD, D 11.93 11.7% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 19.98 19.6% 11. Open Water NR 23.17 22.7% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 6.70 6.6% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 3.19 3.1% Totals 101.99 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Red-Bellied Woodpecker Wood Duck >130 bird species reported Bullfrog None observed APPENDIX B. | 360 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, cattails, smooth brome, wild parsnip, etc.) •Offsite wetlands to east will likely provide continuous pressure of invasive vegetation •Heavily used park (passive recreation) •100-yr floodplain encroaches on site •Beavers dam outlets causing flooding of private land Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 361Sycamore Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Canopy Stratum Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 3 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 4 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 3 Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 2 2 1 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 2 2 1 1 Thuja occidentalis Northern White Cedar; Eastern Arborvitea Native 1 Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 Herbaceous Stratum Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 1 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 3 pd 4 ed Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 362Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Sedge Carex conjuncta Soft Fox Sedge Native 1 Carex lacustris Lake Sedge; Hairy Sedge Native 1 Carex molesta Troublesome Sedge; Field Oval Sedge Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf Convolvulus arvensis European Morning Glory; Field Bindweed Not Native 1 cf Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Not Native 1 Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-Leaved Teasel Not Native 1 cf Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native 1 cf Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 2 2 Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Native 1 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Medicago sativa Alfalfa Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 Nymphaea odorata American White Water Lily; Fragrant Water Lily Native 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 2 pd 2 pd 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 4 ed 4 ed 4 ed 1 cf Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 3 ed Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined 1 1 1 Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native 1 Pycnanthemum pilosum Hairy Mountain Mint Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 363Species name Common name Origin Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Rumex altissimus Tall Dock; Pale Dock Native 1 Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus fluviatilis River Bulrush Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 pd Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 2 1 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 2 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 Sparganium eurycarpum Broadfruit Bur-Reed; Giant Bur-Reed Native 1 Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 pd Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 364Sycamore Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland1.11.11.1Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland11.9311.9311.9311.93Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland55.955.955.955.9Total Acres068.9368.93068.9367.83Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)3,000$ 1,500$ 200$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost1-$ 206,790$ 103,395$ -$ 13,786$ 27,132$ 351,103$ Notes:Overseed upland and lowland areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 365 D D D 67 5 6 5 5 690 6456606706656 5 0 6 8 0 655650655 680 6706806506806756806 7 5 66065 5675 660655645675 660645645655680D D D D D CD DD D BC DCD D D DD CD D D D D CD 685 685 68 5 685685685 685685685685685 685685685 640640640645660660660660 660 660660660670670 670 670 670 6706 6 5665 6 6 570570 5 6 5 0 650680 6 8 0 680680680680670670655670675 66567565065 5 675 680 66565 5 6456 7 0 645675 67064564566066 5 6456456 5 5 6 6 0 650655 645665 655 655 660 665665Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 1,750875 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Sycamore Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 366 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN TERRELL MILL PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Terrell Mill Park Natural Area Size (ac): 35 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North district, southwest of intersection of Taft Speedway and Dubuque Street, along Iowa River Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Southwest (across Iowa River) to City Park Dominant Soils Upland: Lawler loam (0-2% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Iowa River along southwest edge of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Unknown (Iowa River alignment used to cross central and eastern portion of site) Current Use and Management: Low park use; University of Iowa boat house and skate park APPENDIX B. | 367 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 3.94 11.4% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) NN 1.01 2.9% 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.94 2.7% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland C, CD, D 12.26 35.5% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland D 0.74 2.1% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 2.00 5.8% 11. Open Water NR 0.43 1.2% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 9.53 27.6% 14. Building 0.42 1.2% 15. Other Impervious Cover 3.23 9.4% Totals 34.50 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Eastern Phoebe Northern Flicker American Redstart Western Chorus Frog None observed APPENDIX B. | 368 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, garlic mustard, creeping Charlie, reed canary grass, etc.) •Former ice house on site (foundation remains) •Illegally dumped fill on site •100-yr or 500-yr floodplain and/or floodway encroach on entire site •Opportunities for more trails, archery, etc. Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 369Terrell Mill Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 3 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 4 1 Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 2 1 3 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 2 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 1 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow; Crimson-Eyed Rose Mallow Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 370Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon; Dragon Root Native 1 Asarum canadense Canada Wild Ginger Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 1 Carex grayi Gray's Sedge Native 1 Carex lupulina Hop Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Duchesnea indica Mock Strawberry; Indian Strawberry; False Strawberry Native 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 371Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Savanna Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 pd 2 pd Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 pd Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 Miscanthus sp. Unknown Silvergrass Not Native 1 pd Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native 1 Persicaria amphibia Longroot Smartweed; Water Smartweed Native 1 Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper; Marshpepper Knotweed Not Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 pd 3 ed 4 ed 4 ed Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass Native 2 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 pd Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 3 2 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 1 Stellaria aquatica Giant Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 pd Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 372Terrell Mill Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland16.216.216.216.2Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland1.011.751.751.751.01Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland2.942.942.942.94Total Acres17.2120.8920.89020.893.95Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 250$ 500$ Opinions of Probable Cost134,420$ 52,225$ 31,335$ -$ 5,223$ 1,975$ 125,178$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland, savanna, and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Woody invasive removal and prescribed burning not needed in shrub/scrub lowland.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 373 ^_^_ Silvergrass Japanese Knotweed C D D D D D D CD 650 645 645645645645645645645 645 64 5 645645 645 650645 645650 6 4 5 645645645 6506 4 5 650 645 645645645 650 6456 4 5 645645645 645 64 5 64 5 645645 650650645645 645 645 645650 645 6 4 5 645 645 645 645 650645 650 645645 645 645645645645645645 645650 645645 D 65065565564 5 645 645645645645 6 5 0 645 650645650645 645 645645 645 645 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 460230 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Savanna Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Terrell Mill Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 374 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN TERRY TRUEBLOOD RECREATION AREA MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Natural Area Size (ac): 206 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, south of intersection of McCollister Boulevard and Gilbert Street Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Assorted correspondence (2015) X Includes reports of uncommon and invasive plants Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northeast to Sand Prairie and Wetherby Park •East to Makada Wetland Mitigation and Sycamore Greenway •West (across Iowa River) to Ryerson Woods Dominant Soils Upland: Sparta loamy fine sand (0-5% slopes) and Waukee loam (0-2% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes) and “Pits Sand and Gravel” Hydrology Features: large quarry lake on site; several small ponds/wetlands in western portion of site; Iowa River along west edge of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens and prairie Past Land Uses: Sand and gravel quarry; cropland Current Use and Management: Heavily used park; fishing APPENDIX B. | 375 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) D 3.89 1.9% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 5.14 2.5% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) CD, D 7.77 3.8% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) C, CD, D 13.19 6.4% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 22.47 10.9% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland BC, CD 38.69 18.8% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) CD 3.57 1.7% 11. Open Water NR 95.06 46.1% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 9.04 4.4% 14. Building 0.29 0.1% 15. Other Impervious Cover 7.13 3.5% Totals 206.25 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Carex aggregata Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Belted Kingfisher Eastern Meadowlark1 Common Yellowthroat >150 bird species reported None observed None observed 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need APPENDIX B. | 376 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Siberian elm, white mulberry, honeysuckle, cattails, reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, smooth brome, yellow sweet clover, crown vetch, etc.) •Wooded wetland mitigation area in western portion of site •100-yr floodplain and floodway encroach on site •State SGCN Eastern Meadowlark seen at site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Manage wooded wetland mitigation area •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 377Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 4 1 Betula nigra River Birch Native 2 Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 2 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 2 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 1 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 2 pd Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 1 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 3 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 1 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 1 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 4 ed Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 1 1 3 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Betula nigra River Birch Native 1 Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 1 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 1 1 APPENDIX B. | 378Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 Cornus obliqua Swamp Dogwood; Silky Dogwood; Blue-Fruited Dogwood Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf 4 ed 1 cf 2 pd Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Native 1 Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native 1 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 1 3 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus alba White Oak Native 1 Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Quercus velutina Black Oak Native 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 4 1 1 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 2 pd Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 Herbaceous Stratum Agalinis sp. Unknown False Foxglove Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 379Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd 1 cf 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 2 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Bidens cernua Nodding Beggartick; Nodding Bur Marigold Native 1 Boehmeria cylindrica Smallspike False Nettle; Bog Hemp Native 1 Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll's Eyes; White Doll's Daisy Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 4 ed 2 pd 4 ed 3 ed Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Bromus tectorum Downy Brome; Downy Chess; Cheatgrass Not Native 1 cf Callirhoe bushii Bush's Poppy Mallow Native 1 Cannabis sativa Marijuana Not Native 1 Carex aggregata Smooth Clustered Sedge; Glomerate Sedge Native 1 Carex annectens Yellow Fox Sedge; Yellowfruit Sedge Native 1 Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 380Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 1 Carex comosa Bristly Sedge; Longhair Sedge Native 1 Carex cristatella Crested Sedge; Crested Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex grisea Wood Gray Sedge; Inflated Narrow-Leaf Sedge Native 1 1 Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge; Bottlebrush Sedge Native 1 Carex jamesii James' Sedge Native 2 Carex normalis Greater Straw Sedge; Spreading Oval Sedge Native 1 2 Carex shortiana Short's Sedge Native 1 Carex sp. Unknown Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 1 2 Cinna arundinacea Sweet Woodreed; Stout Woodreed Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 1 Commelina communis Day-flower Not Native 1 cf Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 1 1 Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie clover Native 1 Dichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner's Panic Grass Native 1 Echinochloa crus-galli Common Barnyard Grass; Barnyard Millet; Cockspur Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 381Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Eleocharis palustris Common Spikerush Native 1 4 Ellisia nyctelea Aunt Lucy; Water-pod Native 1 Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Native 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 1 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 1 1 1 Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily; White Fawn Lily; White Dogtooth Violet Native 1 Eupatorium serotinum Lateflowering Thoroughwort Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 2 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 2 pd Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 2 Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Native 1 Helianthus annuus Wild Sunflower Not Native 1 cf Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native 1 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native 1 1 Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native 1 Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 pd Juncus sp. Unknown Rush Undetermined 1 Koeleria macrantha June Grass; Prairie June Grass Native 1 Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native 1 2 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 pd 2 pd Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 pd 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 382Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Lycopus americanus American Water Horehound; American Bugleweed Native 1 Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Not Native 1 cf Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native 2 pd Medicago sativa Alfalfa Not Native 1 cf Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 2 pd 2 pd Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 2 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican Muhly; Leafy Satin Grass Native 1 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 1 Persicaria amphibia Longroot Smartweed; Water Smartweed Native 1 Persicaria hydropiperoides False Water Pepper; Mild Waterpepper; Swamp Smartweed Native 2 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 2 pd 3 pd 4 ed Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 pd 3 ed 2 ed 3 ed Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil Native 1 Ranunculus abortivus Littleleaf Buttercup Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 383Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native 2 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 2 Schoenoplectus pungens Three-Square Bulrush; Common Threesquare Native 1 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native 2 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus fluviatilis River Bulrush Native 1 Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native 1 Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 1 pd 2 pd 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 4 2 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 3 2 3 Solidago graminifolia Grass-Leaved Goldenrod Native 1 Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native 1 Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 Stellaria media Chickweed; Common Chickweed Not Native 1 pd Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster; One-Sided Aster; White Woodland Aster; Starved Aster Native 1 Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native 1 Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf 2 pd Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 384Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Triodanis perfoliata Venus' Looking Glass; Clasping Bellwort Native 1 1 Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 4 ed Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 2 Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 2 pd Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Native 1 Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 Zizia aptera Heartleaf Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 385Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland47.7247.7247.7247.72Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland7.777.777.777.777.77Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland22.4739.2339.2339.2339.23Total Acres77.9694.7294.72094.7247Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 150$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost1194,900$ 236,800$ 142,080$ -$ 14,208$ 18,800$ 606,788$ Notes:Overseed forest/woodland, shrub/scrub, and herbaceous areas following brush/weed removal.Woody invasive removal needed in non-native grassland.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 386 ^_ ^_ Crown Vetch Japanese Hop BC CD CD D D D C CD C DD D 630640650 645635650640640645 640645 640 63 5 6456406 4 0 6406406356356356 3 5640640635 645635635640 6356 4 0 6356406356356456 3 5 635640635645645650 640 645 64064063 5 635 6506406 4 0 6 3 5 645 64063563 56456456456306406 4 0 640650640635 640630 630 64064 0 650D CD C CD CD CD CD CD 6 4 5 645635650645 6 4 5 6506456356 4 5 64 0 640 635 640645640 64063 5 635 64 0 6 3 5 635630645 6 4 5 630650 645 650 640645645635 640650640 650 64064564063564065 0 635650635 650635640 645 650 6406306356 4 0635635640 640 6 4 0640640640635640635 6 4 5 635 645645640630645645640635 645640645645640630645635635 645645 635640640635635 635 635645640650650635640640645645 635 64 0 640645 635640 635635 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 920460 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Terry Trueblood Recreation Area Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 387 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN TROLLEY TRACK GREENWAY MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Trolley Track Greenway Natural Area Size (ac): 1 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Southeast of intersection of Washington Place (extension of Glendale Court) and William White Boulevard Park/Natural Area Class: Linear pocket park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •North to Glendale Park (along Ralston Creek) Dominant Soils Upland: Downs silt loam, till plain, (2-5% slopes) and Fayette silt loam (5-14% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens and prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland and former trolley track Current Use and Management: Park; residents maintain APPENDIX B. | 388 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 0.16 12.6% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.02 1.6% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.06 83.5% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.03 2.4% Totals 1.27 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 389 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (honeysuckles, etc.) •Small, linear site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity APPENDIX B. | 390Trolley Track Greenway Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 pd Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 1 Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Hosta sp. Unknown Hosta Not Native 1 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 391Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 1 Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal, False Spikenard Native 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 APPENDIX B. | 392Trolley Track Greenway Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.160.160.160.16Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres0.160.160.1600.160Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)NANANANAOpinions of Probable Cost1750$ 750$ 500$ -$ 750$ -$ 2,750$ Notes:Overseed altered forest/woodland following brush/weed removal.Remove planted hostas from altered forest/woodland edge.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 393 6 8 5 68 0675 68 5 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 18090 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Trolley Track Greenway Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 394 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN VILLA PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Villa Park Natural Area Size (ac): 7 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): West Central district, between McBride Road, Calvin Avenue, Keswick Drive, and Spencer Drive Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •NA Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam (9-14% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 395 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 7.06 100% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover Totals 7.06 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: Vegetation surveys were not completed for this site by AES since it was entirely cultural land covers. Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 396 Issues and Opportunities: •No native communities •Small site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: Establish some area(s) of native vegetation (e.g., convert turf to prairie) APPENDIX B. | 397Villa Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous LowlandTotal Acres000000Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)Opinions of Probable Cost1-$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ NO NATURAL COMMUNITIES, SO NO RESTORATION/MANAGEMENT ACTIONS RECOMMENDEDNotes:No natural communities present.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 398730725735720740750745715710740730 710720 7457257 3 5 740730735 715715710 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 240120 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Recreation Area Building or Structure Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Villa Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 399 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN WALDEN DETENTION AREA MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Walden Detention Area Natural Area Size (ac): 2 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Between Walden Road and Jensen Street, south of Willow Creek Park/Natural Area Class: Dry stormwater basin Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South to Rohret Road Prairie Dominant Soils Upland: Clinton silt loam (9-14% slopes) and Fayette silty clay loam (14-18% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Dry stormwater basin APPENDIX B. | 400 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 0.63 36.8% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 1.05 61.4% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.03 1.8% Totals 1.71 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 401 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, etc.) •Small site Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Potential for community garden APPENDIX B. | 402Walden Detention Area Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Non-Native Grassland Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Herbaceous Stratum Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 3 ed Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 2 pd Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native 1 Plantago major Common Plantain Not Native 1 cf Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 3 ed Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native 1 cf Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 2 ed Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 403Walden Detention Area Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.630.630.630.63Total Acres00.630.6300.630.63Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 1,500$ NANAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 1,260$ 945$ -$ 750$ 1,500$ 4,455$ Notes:Overseed non-native grassland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 404740735 745730725 75075 5 715 720 710 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 220110 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Non-native Grassland Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Walden Detention Area Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 405 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN WATERWORKS PRAIRIE PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Waterworks Prairie Park Natural Area Size (ac): 226 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): North district, northwest of the I-80/Dubuque Ave. interchange Park/Natural Area Class: Regional Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Iowa DNR. 2017. Forest Stewardship Plan, Healthy Forest Initiative. X X Includes stand maps Waterworks tree planting plan (1995) X U.S. Army Corps wetland letter (1997) Discusses Corps jurisdiction issues Ion Exchange seed mixes (1998) X Iowa City Water Works Park Master Plan Summary (1999) X (seed mixes) Water Works oversized maps and plan (1999 & 2002) X Veg cover maps (incl. master plan map) Ion Exchange seed mixes (2003) X Water Works species list (2010) X Water Plant staff goals (2014) Map showing goals/projects Waterworks plugs planted X Waterworks landscaping plans X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •South (along east bank of Iowa River) to Peninsula Park •Southeast to Terrell Mill Park Dominant Soils Upland: Fayette silt loam and silty clay loam (5-25% slopes), Sattre loam (0-2% slopes) and (incl. texture) Bertrand silt loam (1-3% slopes) Lowland: Perks-Spillville complex sandy loam (0-2% slopes), “Pits Limestone Quarry” and Coppock silt loam (0-2% slopes) Hydrology Features: Quarry lake, basins, and Iowa River along north and west edges of site Historical Vegetation: Oak barrens Past Land Uses: Sand quarry and cropland Current Use and Management: Park, fishing lake, water treatment APPENDIX B. | 406 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) B, C, D 18.24 8.1% 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 4.51 2.0% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) CD, D 12.08 5.3% Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC, C, CD, D 75.12 33.2% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 15.98 7.1% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland C, CD, D 23.16 10.2% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland C, CD, D 8.69 3.8% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) D 0.60 0.3% 11. Open Water NR 30.71 13.6% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 1.59 0.7% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 26.37 11.7% 14. Building 1.36 0.6% 15. Other Impervious Cover 7.83 3.5% Totals 226.21 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Baptisia australis Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects Beaver Pileated Woodpecker Red-Bellied Woodpecker Western Chorus Frog None observed APPENDIX B. | 407 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Oriental bittersweet, garlic mustard, smooth brome, tall fescue, sweet clovers, reed canary grass, Kentucky bluegrass, cattails, etc.) •Has not received prescribed burning due to nearby highways •100-yr floodplain and floodway encroach on about half of site •Shoreline erosion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Maintain/improve natural vegetation communities for water filtering services •Install interpretive signage •Stabilize eroding sections of shoreline APPENDIX B. | 408Waterworks Prairie Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 4 Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native 2 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native 2 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 1 1 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 1 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 2 4 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 3 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 2 2 (in 141D) 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native 2 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 2 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 3 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native 1 cf Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Tilia americana American Basswood Native 2 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 2 Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 1 Betula nigra River Birch Native 2 Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native 1 cf (3 pd in NE) 2 pd APPENDIX B. | 409Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native 1 Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood; Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 1 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native 1 cf Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 2 1 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 1 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf 1 pd 1 cf Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf 1cf 1 cf Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native 1 cf Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native 1 1 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 3 1 4 1 Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 2 APPENDIX B. | 410Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Herbaceous Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native 1 cf Alisma subcordatum American Water Plantain Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf 2 pd 1 cf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native 1 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 1 Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed; Tall Anemone Native 1 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 cf Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon; Dragon Root Native 1 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native 1 Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Astragalus canadensis Canadian Milk Vetch Native 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Baptisia australis Wild Blue Indigo Native 1 Barbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket; Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 411Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Common Winter Cress Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll's Eyes; White Doll's Daisy Native 2 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 3 ed Bromus tectorum Downy Brome; Downy Chess; Cheatgrass Not Native 1 cf Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native 1 1 Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Not Native 1 cf Carex annectens Yellow Fox Sedge; Yellowfruit Sedge Native 1 Carex bicknellii Bicknell's Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Woodland Sedge Native 1 Carex conjuncta Soft Fox Sedge Native 1 Carex crinita Fringed Sedge Native 1 Carex davisii Davis' Sedge Native 1 Carex grayi Gray's Sedge Native 1 Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge; Bottlebrush Sedge Native 1 Carex lacustris Lake Sedge; Hairy Sedge Native 1 Carex lupulina Hop Sedge Native 1 Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge Native 1 Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 1 2 Carex sprengelii Sprengel's Sedge; Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 412Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Long-Beaked Sedge Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 1 Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade Native 2 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 1 1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native 1 cf Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf 1 pd Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 1 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native 2 Cuscuta sp. Unknown Dodder Undetermined 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Eleocharis palustris Common Spikerush Native 1 1 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native 1 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 1 Eupatorium serotinum Lateflowering Thoroughwort Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 3 ed Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus sp. Unknown Sunflower Undetermined 1 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 413Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Sunflower Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native 1 Juncus sp. Unknown Rush Undetermined 2 2 Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native 2 Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native 3 1 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 1 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 pd 1 pd Lysimachia sp. Unknown Loosestrife Undetermined 1 Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Not Native 1 Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 2 pd Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native 1 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native 1 1 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native 1 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 2 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 2 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 414Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 1 pd 2 pd 2 pd 3 pd Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native 1 Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native 1 Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 2 pd 2 pd 2 pd Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native 1 Polygonum persicaria Spotted Ladythumb Not Native 1 Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Native 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Pycnanthemum virginianum Common Mountain Mint; Virginia Mountain Mint Native 1 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native 1 Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native 1 Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native 2 2 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 3 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 415Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native 1 Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native 1 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 Smilax sp. Unknown Catbrier Undetermined 2 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 3 3 2 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 1 1 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 2 1 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 1 Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native 1 Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 1 Stellaria aquatica Giant Chickweed Not Native 1 cf Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf 1 pd 1 cf 2 pd Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 cf Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native 3 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 1 Verbascum blattaria Moth Mullein Not Native 1 cf Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native 1 cf Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 2 Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 416Species name Common name Origin Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 1 1 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 417Waterworks Prairie Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland45.9145.914.5145.9118.24Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland20.7720.7720.7720.7720.77Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland91.715.9891.791.7Total Acres66.68158.3841.260158.38130.71Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,000$ 1,000$ 100$ 400$ Opinions of Probable Cost1133,360$ 316,760$ 41,260$ -$ 15,838$ 52,284$ 559,502$ Notes:Overseed altered forest/woodland, shrub/scrub, and non-native grassland areas following brush/weed removal.Prescribed burning not needed in altered forest/woodland and forested lowland.Overseed dry-mesic forest/woodland, forested lowland, and prairie areas if needed following brush/weed removal (costs not included intable above).Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 418 ^_ BC C D B C C CC D CD D C CD CD CD CD CDD C BC D CD C D D 6856 9 5 6756807 1 0 720665725715 700690655 705660670 7 1 5 655 655 655 69 5680655 7156 5 5 665705 660 655655 660 710660 70 0 710710700660660690670 7056607 2 0 710 660 665 660 6606856 9 5 705 71 0675660 665700 705 705 660 Oriental Bittersweet C D CD D D D 715 690 6906 9 0 655 66067 0 725 66 0 655 655 715 7 1 0660 705 700 705705 710655685670660 700710 6657 1 0 7 2 0 665 710710 70 5 690 710710 665 70 0 655 655 660 665655665710 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 970485 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area ^_Invasive Vegetation Existing Land Cover Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Altered Forest/Woodland Shrub/Scrub Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Waterworks Prairie Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 419 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN WETHERBY PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Wetherby Park Natural Area Size (ac): 24 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, south of intersection of Taylor Drive and Burns Avenue Park/Natural Area Class: Community Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Southwest to Sand Prairie Dominant Soils Upland: Tama silt loam (2-9% slopes), Ely silty clay loam (2-5% slopes), and Atterberry silt loam, (incl. texture) benches, (0-2% slopes) Lowland: NA Hydrology Features: NA Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park, disc golf course, maintained turf APPENDIX B. | 420 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) BC 1.56 6.4% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 11. Open Water NR CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 21.50 88.3% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 1.28 5.3% Totals 24.34 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Silphium terebinthinaceum Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Dickcissel1 None observed None observed 1 State Species of Greatest Conservation Need APPENDIX B. | 421 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (Kentucky bluegrass, dandelion, Canada thistle, etc.) •Edible forest and community gardens in northern portion of site •State SGCN Dickcissel seen at site •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Restore southern portion to prairie and connect to Sand Prairie APPENDIX B. | 422Wetherby Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Prairie Canopy Stratum Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Maclura pomifera Osage Orange Not Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native 3 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 2 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native 1 Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 1 ed Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea Native 1 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native 2 pd Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native 1 Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflower Native 1 Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Native 1 Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native 1 Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native 1 Gentiana alba Cream gentian Native 2 Helianthus rigidus Prairie Sunflower Native 3 Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 423Species name Common name Origin Prairie Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native 2 Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native 1 Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native 1 Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 4 ed Potentilla recta Sulphur Cinquefoil Not Native 1 cf Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native 2 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 2 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native 1 Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native 1 cf Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 1 Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native 1 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 3 Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native 3 pd Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 2 Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 424Wetherby Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested LowlandSavanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland1.561.561.561.56Total Acres01.561.5601.561.56Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 1,000$ 600$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost1-$ 3,900$ 1,560$ -$ 936$ 1,500$ 7,896$ Notes:Overseed prairie following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 425 BC BC BC 695710 705 715685690700 700 705 700 690705 690705 695 715 710 695 71 0 705 7157 1 5 6 9 0 710 690 710 705 685 705 705 695 710700 BC690700 690Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 320160 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Prairie Recreation Area Building or Structure Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Wetherby Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 426 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN WHISPERING MEADOWS WETLANDS MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Whispering Meadows Wetlands Natural Area Size (ac): 18 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): South district, southwest of Highway 6 and west of Bon-Aire Mobile Home Park Park/Natural Area Class: Specialty Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other Iowa City. 2016. Natural Areas - Inventory, Management Needs and Assessment X X (general) Combined report addressing 12 natural areas in City Wetland Site & Landscape Plan Planting plan Whispering Meadows Wetland Park Planting History (1994/1995) X Whispering Meadows Wetland Park Maintenance Guide (1995) X X Includes wildlife habitat enhancement Correspondence re. butterfly garden and shrub plantings (1997) X Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Southwest to Sycamore Greenway Dominant Soils Upland: Tama silt loam (2-5% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Sperry silt loam, depressional, (0-1% slopes) Hydrology Features: Majority of site a wetland complex Historical Vegetation: Prairie Past Land Uses: Cropland (until 1993) Current Use and Management: Park APPENDIX B. | 427 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) NN 0.83 4.7% 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) CD, D 3.44 19.3% 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR 1.30 7.3% LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland C 0.39 2.2% 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland D 0.53 3.0% 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) CD, D 3.57 20.0% 11. Open Water NR 4.85 27.2% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 2.86 16.1% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 0.02 0.1% Totals 17.81 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) State Species of Concern: Juncus effusus Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects Beaver None observed None observed None observed APPENDIX B. | 428 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (reed canary grass, white sweet clover, Kentucky bluegrass, etc.) •Trash from neighborhood accumulates on site •Shoreline erosion •Beaver damage Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 429Whispering Meadows Wetlands Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Savanna Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Canopy Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 3 1 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 2 1 Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 2 2 Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 2 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer ginnala Amur Maple Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 1 Alnus sp. Unknown Alder Undetermined 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 1 Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Native 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native 1 1 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native 1 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native 1 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 1 Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 1 Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native 1 cf APPENDIX B. | 430Species name Common name Origin Savanna Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Herbaceous Stratum Acorus americanus American Sweet Flag Native 1 Alisma subcordatum American Water Plantain Native 1 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native 1 1 Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native 1 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 1 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native 1 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 1 Bidens frondosa Common Beggartick; Devil's Beggartick Native 1 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native 2 pd Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native 1 cf Carex annectens Yellow Fox Sedge; Yellowfruit Sedge Native 1 2 Carex intumescens Greater Bladder Sedge; Shining Bur Sedge Native 1 Carex lacustris Lake Sedge; Hairy Sedge Native 2 Carex lupulina Hop Sedge Native 1 Carex scoparia Broom Sedge; Lance-Fruited Oval Sedge Native 1 1 Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 1 2 Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native 1 Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 1 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Geum sp. Unknown Avens Undetermined 1 1 APPENDIX B. | 431Species name Common name Origin Savanna Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Helianthus giganteus Giant Sunflower; Tall Sunflower Native 1 Helianthus strumosus Woodland Sunflower; Pale-Leaved Sunflower; Pale-Leaf Woodland Sunflower Native 1 Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native 1 Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native 1 Juncus effusus Common Rush; Soft Rush Native 1 Juncus sp. Unknown Rush Undetermined 1 Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 1 cf Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 4 pd 3 pd Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper; Marshpepper Knotweed Not Native 1 Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 4 ed 3 pd 2 pd 4 ed 3 pd Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined 1 1 Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal; Heal-All Native 1 Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Scirpus fluviatilis River Bulrush Native 1 1 1 Senecio pauperculus Ragwort Native 1 Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native 1 3 1 3 2 Sisyrinchium montanum American Blue-Eyed Grass; Mountain Blue-Eyed Grass; Strict Blue-Eyed Grass Native 1 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native 2 2 2 Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native 1 Sparganium Broadfruit Bur-Reed; Giant Bur-Reed Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 432Species name Common name Origin Savanna Prairie Non-Native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland eurycarpum Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native 1 Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native 1 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native 1 Trifolium aureum Golden Clover; Large Hop Trefoil Not Native 1 cf Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native 1 cf Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native 1 cf Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native 1 Vernonia fasciculata Common Ironweed; Prairie Ironweed; Smooth Ironweed Native 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 433Whispering Meadows Wetlands Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland0.390.390.390.390.39Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub Lowland0.531.361.361.361.36Grassland and Herbaceous Lowland8.318.318.318.31Total Acres0.9210.0610.06010.0610.06Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,000$ 2,500$ 1,500$ 300$ 600$ Opinions of Probable Cost11,840$ 25,150$ 15,090$ -$ 3,018$ 6,036$ 51,134$ Notes:Invasive woody removal not needed in savanna.Overseed upland and lowland areas following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 434 D CD D D D C CD 680 680680680680680680680D D CD 680 680Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 550275 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Savanna Prairie Non-native Grassland Forested Lowland Shrub/Scrub Lowland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Whispering Meadows Wetlands Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX B. | 435 CITY OF IOWA CITY – NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN WINDSOR RIDGE PARK MANAGEMENT BRIEF Natural Area Name: Windsor Ridge Park Natural Area Size (ac): 21 Natural Area Location (address, nearest street intersection, or other major geographic feature): Southeast district, between Arlington Drive, Barrington Road, Huntington Drive and American Legion Road Park/Natural Area Class: Neighborhood Park Previous Natural Resources-Related Plans/Data: Citation/Data History Plant Spp List Animal Spp List NR Mgmt Plan Forest Mgmt Plan Stream Assessment Other NA Notes: Spp=species; NR=natural resources; Mgmt=management Habitat Connection Opportunities: •Northwest to Scott Park and Lindemann Trail Greenway Dominant Soils Upland: Downs silt loam, till plain, (9-14% slopes) and Tama silt loam (2-5% slopes) (incl. texture) Lowland: Colo-Ely complex silty clay loam (0-5% slopes) Hydrology Features: Pond/wetland at south end of site Historical Vegetation: Prairie and small portion of Grove in northeast portion of site Past Land Uses: Cropland Current Use and Management: Park, maintained turf APPENDIX B. | 436 Existing Land Cover Types: Existing Land Cover Natural Community Quality Ranks Acres Percent of Site NATURAL LAND COVERS UPLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES Forest/Woodland (50-100% tree canopy) Mature Forest/Woodland (large trees) 1. Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland (often oaks) 2. Mesic Forest (often maples) 3. Altered Forest/Woodland NR 2.24 10.8% Savanna/Brushland (5-50% tree canopy) 4. Savanna (tree dominated) 5. Shrub/Scrub (shrub dominated) Grassland (<5% tree canopy) 6. Prairie (native plants dominate) 7. Non-native Grassland (little native plant cover) NR LOWLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES (including wetlands) 8. Forested Lowland 9. Shrub/Scrub Lowland 10. Herbaceous Lowland (wet meadow & marsh) 0.43 2.1% 11. Open Water NR 2.07 9.9% CULTURAL LAND COVERS 12. Woodland with Turf (50-100% tree canopy) 0.57 2.7% 13. Recreation Area (0-50% tree canopy) 14.27 68.6% 14. Building 15. Other Impervious Cover 1.23 5.9% Totals 20.81 100% NR = not ranked Natural Community Quality Rank Descriptions •A = Highest quality natural community, no disturbances and natural processes intact. •B = Good quality natural community. Has its natural processes intact, but shows signs of past human impacts. Low levels of invasive plants. •C = Moderate condition natural community with obvious past disturbance but still clearly recognizable as a native community. Not dominated by weedy species in any layer. •D = Poor condition of a natural community. Includes some natives, but is dominated by non-natives and/or is widely disturbed and altered. •NN = Altered/non-native plant community. These semi-natural communities do not receive a natural quality rank. Flora: see attached matrix on following page(s) Noteworthy Wildlife (including rare species and SGCN): Mammals Birds Reptiles & Amphibians Insects None observed Common Yellowthroat Many frogs Dragonflies APPENDIX B. | 437 Issues and Opportunities: •Invasive vegetation (white mulberry, honeysuckles, birdsfoot trefoil, reed canary grass, etc.) •Algae prevalent in pond •Opportunity for turf to prairie conversion and rain gardens/biocells Restoration and Management Goals: •Remove invasive vegetation •Increase native vegetation cover and diversity •Install interpretive signage APPENDIX B. | 438Windsor Ridge Park Flora Cover Classes: 1 uncommon (<10%); 2 common (10-30%); 3 sub-dominant (30-50%); 4 dominant (>50%) Red font = invasive species of concern Spatial Dispersion (invasives only): ed=evenly distributed throughout; pd=patchily distributed throughout; cf=concentrated in few-several areas Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Canopy Stratum Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native 3 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 2 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Native 1 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 2 Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native 1 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 1 Quercus rubra Red Oak Native 1 Salix nigra Black Willow Native 1 Shrub/Vine/Sapling Stratum Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native 1 Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native 2 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native 1 Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native 2 pd Lonicera morrowi Morrow's Honeysuckle Not Native 1 cf Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native 2 pd Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native 2 Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native 2 Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native 1 Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native 1 cf Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Ulmus americana American Elm Native 1 Herbaceous Stratum APPENDIX B. | 439Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native 1 Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native 1 cf Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native 1 Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native 1 cf Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native 2 Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined 1 Bidens cernua Nodding Beggartick; Nodding Bur Marigold Native 1 Carex normalis Greater Straw Sedge; Spreading Oval Sedge Native 1 Carex spp. Unknown Sedges Native 1 Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native 1 Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native 1 cf Echinacea sp. Unknown Purple Coneflower Undetermined 1 Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native 1 Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native 1 Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native 2 pd Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native 1 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native 1 Geum sp. Unknown Avens Undetermined 1 Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native 1 Helianthus strumosus Woodland Sunflower; Pale-Leaved Sunflower; Pale-Leaf Woodland Sunflower Native 1 Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Not Native 1 cf Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native 1 cf Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native 1 Leersia virginica Whitegrass; White Cutgrass; Virginia Cutgrass Native 1 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native 1 cf Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native 3 ed Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native 1 cf Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native 1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 440Species name Common name Origin Altered Forest Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native 1 cf Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native 1 cf 2 pd Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native 1 pd Pilea pumila Clearweed Native 1 Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon's Seal Native 1 Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native 1 Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native 1 cf 1 cf Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native 1 Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native 1 Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native 1 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native 2 Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native 1 cf Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native 1 Viola sp. Unknown Violet Undetermined 1 Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native 1 APPENDIX B. | 441Windsor Ridge Park Restoration/Management Recommendations and Opinion of Probable Cost Remove Invasive Woody VegetationControl Invasive Herbaceous VegetationInstall Herbaceous VegetationInstall Woody VegetationEcological MonitoringPrescribed BurningForest/Woodland and Forested Lowland2.242.242.242.24Savanna/Brushland and Shrub/Scrub LowlandGrassland and Herbaceous Lowland0.430.430.430.43Total Acres2.242.672.6702.670.43Unit Cost (for 3 yrs)2,500$ 2,000$ 1,250$ 400$ NAOpinions of Probable Cost15,600$ 5,340$ 3,338$ -$ 1,068$ 1,500$ 16,846$ Notes:Overseed altered forest/woodland and herbaceous lowland following brush/weed removal.Restoration/Management ActionLand Cover Type (ac)Total Opinion of Probable Cost11 Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC) is intended to address the first three years of restoration/management work. Monitoring and perpetual management will be required thereafter. APPENDIX B. | 442 700 69073 5 720 705740 730 695745710715725 700 695 695695 725 700740695730 70070570573572 0 720690705 730 710695 695 74 5 7457107 5 0 75 0 750755755760715715765695 740725740695 710 700 695 725730715690 735 6907 3 5 690 695 735 730 735695705 740 730 695705 70 5740 695 690695 Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 21938 Mushtown Road Prior Lake, MN 55372 952-447-1919 www.appliedeco.com 0 740370 Feet ± City Limits Iowa City Park or Natural Area Existing Land Cover Altered Forest/Woodland Herbaceous Lowland Open Water Woodland with Turf Recreation Area Other Impervious Cover Contour (5ft interval) Trail Drainageway Windsor Ridge Park Data Sources: - City of Iowa City - Johnson County AES Project Number: 16-0777 Date: 12/12/17 File Name: IA City_Mgmt Brief Maps_2018-02-01 Iowa City Natural Areas Inventory and Management Plan A,B,C,D Natural Community Quality Rank APPENDIX C. | 443 Appendix C. Compiled Flora of Iowa City, including Invasive Species of Concern APPENDIX C. | 444 Appendix C. Compiled Flora of Iowa City, including Invasive Species of Concern (in red) State Listings: E=endangered; T=threatened; S=special concern SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Trees Acer negundo Boxelder; Ash-Leaf Maple Native Acer nigrum Black Maple Native Acer platanoides Norway Maple Not Native Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Native Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Native Aesculus glabra Ohio Buckeye Native Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Not Native Amelanchier arborea Common Serviceberry Native Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch Native Betula nigra River Birch Native Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Native Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Native Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa; Cigar Tree Native Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Native Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud; Judas Tree Native Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur Hawthorn Native Fraxinus nigra Black Ash Native Fraxinus americana White Ash Native Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Native Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Native Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree Native Juglans cinerea Butternut; White Walnut Native Juglans nigra Black Walnut Native Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Native Maclura pomifera Osage Orange Not Native Malus ioensis Wild Crabapple Native Morus alba White Mulberry; Russian Mulberry; Silkworm Mulberry Not Native Morus rubra Red Mulberry Native Ostrya virginiana Ironwood; Eastern Hop Hornbeam Native Picea sp.Unknown Spruce Not Native Pinus strobus White Pine; Eastern White Pine Native Pinus sp.Unknown Pine Undetermined Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Native Populus alba White Poplar Not Native Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Native Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen Native Prunus serotina Black Cherry Native APPENDIX C. | 445 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Quercus alba White Oak Native Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Native Quercus borealis Northern Red Oak Native Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill’s Oak; Northern Pin Oak Native Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Native Quercus palustris Pin Oak; Swamp Spanish Oak Native Quercus rubra Red Oak Native Quercus sp.Unknown Oak Native Quercus velutina Black Oak Native Rhus sp.Unknown Sumac Undetermined Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Not Native Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Not Native Salix nigra Black Willow Native Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow Native Tilia americana American Basswood Native Ulmus americana American Elm Native Ulmus parvifolia Chinese Elm Not Native Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm Not Native Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm Native Ulmus sp.Unknown Elm Undetermined Shrubs/Vines Acer ginnala Amur Maple Not Native Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Amur Peppervine Not Native Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog Peanut Native Alnus sp.Unknown Alder Undetermined Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry Not Native Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed; Morning Glory Native Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Not Native Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet Not Native Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet Native Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood; Alternate-Leaved Dog- wood Native Cornus drummondii Roughleaf Dogwood Native Cornus obliqua Swamp Dogwood; Silky Dogwood; Blue-Fruit- ed Dogwood Native Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood Native Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Native Corylus americana American Hazelnut; American Hazel Native Crataegus mollis Downy Hawthorn Native Dioscorea villosa Wild Yam; Yam or Colic Root Native Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Not Native APPENDIX C. | 446 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn Olive Not Native Euonymus alatus Burning Bush; Winged Euonymus; Winged Wahoo Not Native Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo Native Fraxinus sp.Unknown Ash Undetermined Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop Not Native Ligustrum vulgare Common Privet Not Native Lonicera maackii Amur Honeysuckle; Bush Honeysuckle Not Native Lonicera morrowi Morrow’s Honeysuckle Not Native Lonicera reticulata Grape Honeysuckle Native Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Not Native Lonicera x bella Zabel Honeysuckle Not Native Malus pumila Orchard Apple Native Malus sp.Unknown Apple Undetermined Menispermum canadense Canada Moonseed Native Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgina Creeper Native Parthenocissus vitacea Woodbine Native Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Native Populus sp.Unknown poplar/aspen/cottonwood Undetermined Prunus americana American Plum; Wild Plum Native Prunus caroliniana Carolina Cherry; Carolina Laurelcherry Not Native Prunus x cistena Purple Leaf Sand Cherry; Dwarf Red Leaf Sand Cherry Not Native Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Native Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear; Callery Pear Not Native Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Not Native Rhamnus frangula Glossy Buckthorn Not Native Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac Native Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Native Rhus sp.Unknown Sumac Undetermined Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry Native Ribes hirtellum Pixwell Gooseberry Not Native Rosa arkansana Prairie Rose Native Rosa blanda Prairie Rose; Smooth Wild Rose; Early Wild Rose Native Rosa carolina Carolina Rose; Pasture Rose Native Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Not Native Rosa sp.Unknown Rose Undetermined Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry; Common Blackberry Native Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry Not Native Rubus laciniatus Evergreen Blackberry Not Native Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Native APPENDIX C. | 447 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Salix exigua Sandbar Willow; Narrowleaf Willow Native Smilax herbacea Carrion Flower Native Smilax hispida Greenbrier Native Smilax tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier; China Root; Hellfetter Native Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Native Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry; Indian currant Native Symphoricarpos sp.Unknown Snowberry Undetermined Thuja occidentalis Northern White Cedar; Eastern Arborvitea Native Toxicodendron radicans Poision Ivy Native Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood Native Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree Not Native Viburnum lentago Nannyberry; Sheepberry Native Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry; European Cranberrybush; Guelder Rose Not Native Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw Native S Viburnum recognitum Northern Arrowood Native Viburnum sp.Unknown Viburnum Undetermined Vitus riparia Riverbank Grape; Frost Grape Native Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly Ash Native Herbaceous (aquatic spp not included) Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf Not Native Acalypha virginica Virginia Threeseed; Common Threeseed; Mercury Threeseed Native Achillea millefolium Western Yarrow Native Acorus americanus American Sweet Flag Native Acroptilon repens Russian Knapweed; Hardheads Not Native Actaea pachypoda Doll’s Eyes; White Baneberry Native Actaea rubra Red Baneberry Native Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern Native Agalinis sp.Unknown False Foxglove Native Agastache foeniculum Anise Hyssop Native E Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant Hyssop Native Ageratina altissima Common White Snakeroot Native Agrimonia gryposepala Tall Agrimony; Hairy Agrimony; Common Agrimony Native Agrimonia parviflora Swamp Agrimony; Small-Flowered Agrimony Native Agrimonia pubescens Soft Agrimony Native Agrostis gigantea Redtop; Black Bent Not Native Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Not Native Alisma subcordatum American Water Plantain Native Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Not Native Allium canadense Wild Onion Native APPENDIX C. | 448 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Allium cernuum Nodding Wild Onion Native T Allium tricoccum Wild Leek; Ramp Native Allium sp.Unknown Garlic Undetermined Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed; Annual Ragweed Native Ambrosia psilostachya Western Ragweed; Perennial Ragweed Native Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed Native Amelanchier alnifolia Seviceberry Native S Amorpha canescens Lead Plant Native Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Native Anemone acutiloba Sharp-Lobed Hepatica Native Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Native Anemone cylindrica Thimbleweed Native Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed; Tall Anemone Native Anemone sp.Unknown Anemone Undetermined Antennaria neglecta Pussytoes Native Apios americana Potato Bean; Groundnut Native Apocynum cannabinum Prairie Dogbane; Indian Hemp Native Apocynum sibiricum Clasping Dogbane Native Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla Native Aralia racemosa American Spikenard Native Arctium minus Common Burdock; Lesser Burdock Not Native Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon; Dragon Root Native Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Native Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Native Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage Native Asarum canadense Canada Wild Ginger Native Asclepias exaltata Poke Milkweed Native Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Native Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed Native Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Native Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed Native Asclepias verticillata Whorled Milkweed Native Asclepias sp.Unknown Milkweed Native Aster azureus Sky Blue Aster Native Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Native Aster pilosus Hairy White Oldfield Aster; Frost Aster Native Asteraceae Unknown Aster Undetermined Astragalus canadensis Canadian Milk Vetch Native Athyrium filix-femina Northern Lady Fern; Common Lady Fern Native Baptisia alba Wild White Indigo Native Baptisia australis Wild Blue Indigo Native S APPENDIX C. | 449 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Baptisia sp.Unknown Wild Indigo Native Barbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket; Common Winter Cress Not Native Berteroa incana Hoary Alyssum Not Native Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles Native Bidens cernua Nodding Beggartick; Nodding Bur Marigold Native Bidens frondosa Common Beggartick; Devil’s Beggartick Native Boehmeria cylindrica Smallspike False Nettle; Bog Hemp Native Boltonia asteroides False Aster; White Doll’s Eyes; White Doll’s Daisy Native Botrychium dissectum Dissected Grapefern Native Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern; Common Grapefern Native Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats Grama Native Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy Grama Native Bromus inermis Smooth Brome Not Native Bromus japonicus Japanese Brome Not Native Bromus tectorum Downy Brome; Downy Chess; Cheatgrass Not Native Buchloe dactyloides Buffalo Grass Native Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Joint Grass; Bluejoint Native Callirhoe bushii Bush’s Poppy Mallow Native Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Native Campanula americana Tall Bellflower Native Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Native Cannabis sativa Marijuana Not Native Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepard’s Purse Not Native Cardamine concatenata Cutleaf Toothwort Native Cardamine douglassii Purple Cress; Northern Bitter Cress Native Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania Bittercress Native Cardaria draba Whitetop; Perennial Pepper-Grass Not Native Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Not Native Carex amphibola Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge Native Carex aggregata Smooth Clustered Sedge; Glomerate Sedge Native S Carex annectens Yellow Fox Sedge; Yellowfruit Sedge Native Carex bebbii Bebb’s Sedge Native Carex bicknellii Bicknell’s Sedge; Copper-Shouldered Oval Sedge Native Carex blanda Common Woodland Sedge; Eastern Wood- land Sedge Native Carex brevior Plains Oval Sedge Native Carex bushii Bush’s Sedge Native Carex cephaloidea Thin-Leaf Sedge Native Carex cephalophora Oval-Leaf Sedge Native Carex comosa Bristly Sedge; Longhair Sedge Native APPENDIX C. | 450 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Carex conjuncta Soft Fox Sedge Native Carex convoluta Sedge Native Carex crinita Fringed Sedge Native S Carex cristatella Crested Sedge; Crested Oval Sedge Native Carex davisii Davis’ Sedge Native Carex frankii Frank’s Sedge; Bristly Cattail Sedge Native Carex gracillima Graceful Sedge Native Carex granularis Limestone Meadow Sedge; Pale Sedge Native Carex gravida Heavy Sedge Native Carex grayi Gray’s Sedge Native Carex grisea Wood Gray Sedge; Inflated Narrow-Leaf Sedge Native Carex hirtifolia Pubescent Sedge; Hairy Wood Sedge Native Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge; Bottlebrush Sedge Native Carex intumescens Greater Bladder Sedge; Shining Bur Sedge Native Carex jamesii James’ Sedge Native Carex lacustris Lake Sedge; Hairy Sedge Native Carex lupulina Hop Sedge Native Carex meadii Mead’s Sedge Native Carex molesta Troublesome Sedge; Field Oval Sedge Native Carex normalis Greater Straw Sedge; Spreading Oval Sedge Native Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge Native Carex rosea Rosy Sedge; Curly Wood Sedge Native Carex scoparia Broom Sedge; Lance-Fruited Oval Sedge Native Carex shortiana Short’s Sedge Native Carex sprengelii Sprengel’s Sedge; Long-Beaked Sedge Native Carex stipata Prickly Sedge; Awl-Fruited Sedge Native Carex stricta Tussock Sedge; Upright Sedge Native Carex tenera Quill Sedge; Narrow-Leaf Oval Sedge; Remote Sedge Native Carex trichocarpa Hairy-Fruited Sedge; Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge Native Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge Native Carex sp.Unknown Sedge Native Carex spp.Unknown Sedges Native Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Native Centaurea solstitialis Yellow Starthistle Not Native Centaurea stoebe Spotted Knapweed Not Native Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Native Cerastium nutans Nodding Mouse-Ear Chickweed Native Cerastium vulgatum Mouse-ear Chickweed Not Native Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea Native APPENDIX C. | 451 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Chenopodium album Lamb’s Quarters Not Native Chenopodium desiccatum Aridland Goosefoot; Desert Goosefoot; Narrow Leaf Goosefoot Native Cichorium intybus Chicory Not Native Cicuta maculata Water Hemlock; Spotted Water Hemlock Native Cinna arundinacea Sweet Woodreed; Stout Woodreed Native Circaea lutetiana Broadleaf Enchanter’s Nightshade Native Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Not Native Cirsium discolor Field Thistle; Pasture Thistle Native Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Not Native Claytonia virginica Eastern Spring Beauty Native Clematis pitcheri Pitcher’s Leather Flower; Purple Leather Flower; Bluebill Native Commelina communis Day-flower Not Native Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Not Native Convolvulus arvensis European Morning Glory; Field Bindweed Not Native Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Native Coreopsis lanceolata Lance-Leaved Coreopsis Native Coreopsis palmata Prairie Coreopsis Native Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed; Tall Coreopsis Native Corylus americana Hazelnut Native Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Native Cuscuta sp.Unknown Dodder Undetermined Cystopteris protrusa Fern, Southern Bladder Native Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass Not Native Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie clover Native Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace; Wild Carrot Not Native Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois Bundleflower Native Desmodium canadense Showy Tick Trefoil Native Desmodium cuspidatum Hairy-Bracted Tick Trefoil; Large-Bracted Tick Trefoil Native Desmodium glutinosum Pointed Leaf Tick Trefoil; Clustered Leaf Tick Trefoil Native Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Not Native Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman’s Breeches Native Dichanthelium clandestinum Deer-Tongue Grass; Deertongue Native Dichanthelium implicatum Rosette Panic Grass Native Dichanthelium latifolium Broad Leaf Panic Grass Native Dichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner’s Panic Grass Native Dichanthelium sp.Unknown Panic Grass Native Dipsacus fullonum Common Teasel; Wild Teasel; Fuller’s Teasel Not Native Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-Leaved Teasel Not Native APPENDIX C. | 452 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Dodecatheon meadia Shooting Star Native Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Fern; Toothed Wood Fern Native Dryopteris sp.Unknown Wood Fern Undetermined Duchesnea indica Mock Strawberry; Indian Strawberry; False Strawberry Native Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Native Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower; Eastern Purple Coneflow- er Native Echinacea sp.Unknown Purple Coneflower Undetermined Echinochloa crus-galli Common Barnyard Grass; Barnyard Millet; Cockspur Not Native Echinocystis lobata Wild Cucumber Native Eleocharis erythropoda Bald Spikerush; Creeping Spikerush Native Eleocharis palustris Common Spikerush Native Ellisia nyctelea Aunt Lucy; Water-pod Native Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Native Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush Grass; Glumeless Wild Rye Native Elymus repens Quackgrass Not Native Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye Native Elymus villosus Silky Wild Rye Native Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Native Enemion biternatum False Rue Anemone Native Epilobium coloratum Cinnamon Willow Herb; Purpleleaf Willow Herb Native Epipactis helleborine Broad-Leaved Helleborine; Broadleaf Helle- borine Not Native Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail; Field Horsetail Native Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail; Woodland Horsetail Native Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane Native Erigeron annuus Eastern Daisy Fleabane Native Erigeron canadensis Horseweed; Canadian Horseweed; Canadian Fleabane Native Erigeron pulchellus Robin’s Plantain Native Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane Native Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master Native Erythronium albidum White Trout Lily; White Fawn Lily; White Dogtooth Violet Native Euonymus fortunei Purple Winter Creeper; Climbing Euonymus; Wintercreeper Not Native Eupatorium altissimum Tall Boneset Native Eupatorium coelestinum Mist Flower Native Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed Native Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Native APPENDIX C. | 453 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Eupatorium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native Eupatorium serotinum Lateflowering Thoroughwort Native Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge Native Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge Not Native Euphorbia esula Leafy Spurge Not Native Eutrochium purpureum Sweet Joe-Pye Weed; Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed Native Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Not Native Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue Native Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Native T Fragaria virginiana Virginia Strawberry; Wild Strawberry Native Gaillardia pulchella Blanket Flower; Indian Blanket; Rose-Ring Gaillardia Not Native Galearis spectabilis Showy Orchis Native Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw; Common Bedstraw; Cleavers; Stickywilly Native Galium circaezans Liquorice Bedstraw Native Galium concinnum Shining Bedstraw Native Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw; Sweet-scented Bedstraw Native Galium sp.Unknown Bedstraw Undetermined Gentiana alba Cream gentian Native Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium; Spotted Geranium Native Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens Native Geum canadense White Avens; Canada Avens Native Geum triflorum Prairie Smoke Native Geum vernum Spring Avens Native Geum sp.Unknown Avens Undetermined Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Not Native Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass; Ridged Glyceria Native Glyceria maxima Reed Mannagrass; Great Mannagrass Not Native Gypsophila paniculata Baby’s Breath Not Native Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Native Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Native Helianthus annuus Wild Sunflower Not Native Helianthus giganteus Giant Sunflower; Tall Sunflower Native Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth Sunflower Native Helianthus mollis Downy Sunflower Native Helianthus rigidus Prairie Sunflower Native Helianthus strumosus Woodland Sunflower; Pale-Leaved Sunflower; Pale-Leaf Woodland Sunflower Native Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke Native APPENDIX C. | 454 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Helianthus sp.Unknown Sunflower Undetermined Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye; False Sunflower Native Hemerocallis fulva Orange Daylily; Ditch Lily Not Native Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant Hogweed Not Native Heracleum maximum Cow Parsnip Native Hesperis matronalis Dame’s Rocket Not Native Heuchera x ‘Amethyst Mist’Amethyst Mist Coral Bells Not Native Heuchera richardsonii Prairie Alumroot Native Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow; Crimson-Eyed Rose Mallow Native Hieracium aurantiacum Orange Hawkweed Not Native Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley; Squirrel-Tail Grass Native Hosta sp.Unknown Hosta Not Native Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia Waterleaf; Eastern Waterleaf Native Hypericum ascyron Giant St. John’s Wort Native Hypericum perforatum Common St. John’s Wort Not Native Hypericum punctatum Spotted St. John’s Wort Native Hypericum pyramidatum Great St. John’s Wort Native Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed; Spotted Jewelweed; Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native Impatiens pallida Yellow Jewelweed; Pale Jewelweed; Pale Touch-Me-Not Native Iodanthus pinnatifidus Purple Rocket; Violet Rocket Native Iris versicolor Harlequin Blue Flag Iris Not Native Iris virginica Vriginia Iris; Southern Blue Flag Iris Native Juncus dudleyi Dudley’s Rush Native Juncus effusus Common Rush; Soft Rush Native S Juncus nodosus Knotted Rush Native Juncus tenuis Path Rush; Poverty Rush Native Juncus torreyi Torrey’s Rush Native Juncus sp.Unknown Rush Undetermined Koeleria macrantha June Grass; Prairie June Grass Native Lactuca biennis Tall Blue Lettuce Native Lactuca canadensis Canada Lettuce; Wild Lettuce Native Lactuca floridana Woodland Lettuce Native Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Not Native Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle Native Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Pea Not Native Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Native Leersia virginica Whitegrass; White Cutgrass; Virginia Cutgrass Native Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Not Native Lepidium virginicum Virginia Peppergrass; Common Peppergrass Native APPENDIX C. | 455 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Lespedeza capitata Roundheaded bushclover Native Lespedeza cuneata Sericea Lespedeza Not Native Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Not Native Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star Native Liatris spicata Dense Blazing Star Native Liparis liliifolia Twayblade Native Liparis loeselii Fen Orchid, Yellow Widelip Orchid; Bog Twayblade Native Lithospermum caroliniense Carolina Puccoon; Hairy Puccoon Native Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Native Lobelia inflata Indian Tobacco Native Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia Native Lolium perenne Perennial Rye Grass Not Native Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Not Native Ludwigia sp.Unknown Water Primrose Undetermined Lycopus americanus American Water Horehound; American Bugleweed Native Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Not Native Lysimachia sp.Unknown Loosestrife Undetermined Lythrum alatum Winged Loosestrife Native Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Not Native Maianthemum racemosum Large False Solomon’s Seal; False Spikenard; Solomon’s Plume Native Maianthemum stellatum Little False Solomon’s Seal; Starry Solomon’s Seal; Starflower Solomon’s Seal Native Medicago lupulina Black Medic Not Native Medicago sativa Alfalfa Not Native Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover Not Native Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover Not Native Mentha arvensis Wild Mint; Field Mint; Corn Mint Native Mentha spicata Spearmint; Common Mint Not Native Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells; Cowslip Native Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass Not Native Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower; Allegheny Monkeyflower; Square-Stemmed Monkeyflower Native Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild Four O’Clock Native Miscanthus sp.Unknown Silvergrass Not Native Moehringia lateriflora Bluntleaf Sandwort; Grove Sandwort Native Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm ‘Jacob Cline’Not Native Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot; Bee Balm Native Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican Muhly; Leafy Satin Grass Native Nepeta cataria Catnip Not Native APPENDIX C. | 456 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Nymphaea odorata American White Water Lily; Fragrant Water Lily Native Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose Native Oenothera macrocarpa Bigfruit Evening Primrose; Missouri Evening Primrose; Ozark Sundrops Native Oenothera pilosella Prairie Sundrops Native Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Native Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely; Wooly Sweet Cicely Native Osmorhiza longistylis Anise Root; Sweet Anise Native Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern Native Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel; Yellow Oxalis Native Packera plattensis Prairie Ragwort; Prairie Groundsel Native Panax quinquefolius Ginseng; American Ginseng Native Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Native Parthenium integrifolium Wild Quinine; Feverfew Native Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Not Native Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue Native Penthorum sedoides Ditch Stonecrop Native Persicaria amphibia Longroot Smartweed; Water Smartweed Native Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper; Marshpepper Knotweed Not Native Persicaria hydropiperoides False Water Pepper; Mild Waterpepper; Swamp Smartweed Native Persicaria punctata Dotted Smartweed Native Persicaria virginiana Jumpseed Native Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass Not Native Phleum pratense Timothy Not Native Phlox divaricata Blue Phlox; Wild Blue Phlox; Woodland Phlox Native Phlox paniculata Garden Phlox Native Phlox pilosa Prairie Phlox Native Phragmites australis Giant Reed Grass Not Native Phryma leptostachya Lopseed Native Phyla lanceolata Lanceleaf fogfruit; Frogfruit Native Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Native Phytolacca americana Pokeweed; Poke; Inkberry; Pigeonberry Native Pilea pumila Clearweed Native Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn Plantain Not Native Plantago major Common Plantain Not Native Plantago rugelii Rugel’s Plantain; Blackseed Plantain Native Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass Not Native Poa nemoralis Wood Bluegrass Not Native Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass Native Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass Not Native APPENDIX C. | 457 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Poa trivialis Rough Bluegrass; Meadow Grass Not Native Poa sp.Unknown Bluegrass Undetermined Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple; Indian Apple; Wild Mandrake Native Polemonium reptans Jacob’s Ladder Native Polygonatum biflorum Giant Solomon’s Seal Native Polygonum aviculare Knotweed Not Native Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed Not Native Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania Smartweed Native Polygonum persicaria Spotted Ladythumb Not Native Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed Native Polygonaceae Unknown Knotweed Undetermined Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed; Curly-Leaf Pondweed Not Native Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed; Broad-Leaved Pondweed Native Potentilla arguta Prairie Cinquefoil Native Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil Native Potentilla recta Sulphur Cinquefoil Not Native Potentilla simplex Common Cinquefoil Native Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal; Heal-All Native Pycnanthemum pilosum Hairy Mountain Mint Native Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint Native Pycnanthemum virginianum Common Mountain Mint; Virginia Mountain Mint Native Pycnanthemum sp.Unknown Mountain Mint Undetermined Ranunculus abortivus Littleleaf Buttercup Native Ranunculus fascicularis Early Buttercup Native Ranunculus hispidus Bristly Buttercup Native Ranunculus sceleratus Cursed Buttercup; Celery-Leaved Buttercup Native Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp Buttercup Native Ratibida columnifera Upright Prairie Coneflower; Long-Headed Coneflower Native Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower; Gray-Headed Coneflower Native Rudbeckia fulgida Orange Coneflower Native Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Native Rudbeckia laciniata Goldenglow; Cutleaf Coneflower Native Rudbeckia subtomentosa Sweet Black-Eyed Susan; Sweet Coneflower Native Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Native Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel Not Native Rumex altissimus Tall Dock; Pale Dock Native Rumex crispus Curly Dock Not Native Rumex sp.Unknown Dock or Sorrel Undetermined Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Native APPENDIX C. | 458 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Salsola collina Slender Russian Thistle Not Native Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Native Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot Native Sanicula canadensis Canada Black Snakeroot Native Sanicula gregaria Clustered Black Snakeroot Native Sanicula odorata Common Black Snakeroot; Clustered Black Snakeroot Native Saponaria officinalis Common Soapwort; Bouncing Bet Not Native Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Native Schoenoplectus acutus Hard Stem Bulrush; Common Tule Native Schoenoplectus pungens Three-Square Bulrush; Common Threesquare Native Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Soft Stem Bulrush; Great Bulrush Native Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush; Dark Green Bulrush Native Scirpus cyperinus Wool Grass Native Scirpus fluviatilis River Bulrush Native Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Native Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap Native Securigera varia Crown Vetch Not Native Senecio pauperculus Ragwort Native Senecio plattensis Prairie Ragwort Native Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna; American Senna Native Setaria faberi Giant Foxtail; Nodding Foxtail; Japanese Bristlegrass Not Native Setaria glauca Yellow Foxtail Not Native Silene regia Royal Catchfly Native Silene stellata Starry Campion; Widow’s Frill Native Silphium integrifolium Rosinweed Native Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant Native Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant Native Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Native S Sinapis arvensis Wild Mustard; Field Mustard; Charlock Mus- tard Not Native Sisyrinchium campestre Blue-Eyed Grass Native Sisyrinchium montanum American Blue-Eyed Grass; Mountain Blue- Eyed Grass; Strict Blue-Eyed Grass Native Smilacina racemosa False Solomon’s Seal, False Spikenard Native Smilax ecirrhata Upright Carrion Flower Native Smilax sp.Unknown Catbrier Undetermined Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle; Caroline Horse Nettle Native Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade; Climbing Nightshade Not Native Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod Native Solidago flexicaulis Zig-Zag Goldenrod; Broadleaf Goldenrod Native APPENDIX C. | 459 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod; Early Goldenrod Native Solidago graminifolia Grass-Leaved Goldenrod Native Solidago nemoralis Oldfield Goldenrod Native Solidago riddellii Riddle’s Goldenrod Native Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod Native Solidago speciosa Showy Goldenrod Native Solidago ulmifolia Elm-Leaf Goldenrod Native Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow Thistle Not Native Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow Thistle Not Native Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Native Sorghum bicolor Shattercane Not Native Sparganium eurycarpum Broadfruit Bur-Reed; Giant Bur-Reed Native Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Native Sphenopholis intermedia Slender Wedge Grass; Slender Wedgescale Native Sporobolus asper Rough Dropseed Native Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed Native Stachys hyssopfolia Hyssop-Leaved Hedge Nettle Native Stachys palustris Woundwort Native Stachys tenuifolia Hedge Nettle Native Stellaria aquatica Giant Chickweed Not Native Stellaria graminea Grass-Leaved Chickweed; Lesser Stitchwort Not Native Stellaria media Chickweed; Common Chickweed Not Native Stellaria sp.Unknown Chickweed Not Native Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth Blue Aster Native Symphyotricum lanceolatum Panicled Aster; Lance-Leaved Aster Native Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster; One-Sided Aster; White Wood- land Aster; Starved Aster Native Symphyotrichum prenanthoides Crooked Stem Aster Native Symphyotrichum puniceum Purple-Stemmed Aster; Swamp Aster Native Symphyotrichum urophyllum Arrowleaf Aster; White Arrowleaf Native Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Not Native Teucrium canadense Canada Germander; Wood-Sage Native Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue Native Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow Rue Native Thalictrum thalictroides Rue Anemone Native Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress Not Native Torilis arvensis Field Hedge Parsley Not Native Torilis japonica Japanese Hedge Parsley Not Native Tradescantia bracteata Prairie Spiderwort Native Tradescantia ohiensis Ohio Spiderwort Native Tragopogon dubius Goat’s Beard Not Native APPENDIX C. | 460 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ORIGIN STATE LISTING Tribulus terrestris Goat’s Head; Puncture Vine Not Native Trifolium aureum Golden Clover; Large Hop Trefoil Not Native Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Not Native Trifolium pratense Red Clover Not Native Trifolium repens White Clover Not Native Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium Native Trillium erectum Purple Trillium Native Trillium recurvatum Prairie Trillium Native Trillium sp.Unknown Trillium Undetermined Triodanis perfoliata Venus’ Looking Glass; Clasping Bellwort Native Triosteum perfoliatum Horse Gentian; Feverwort Native Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Not Native Typha x glauca Hybrid Cattail Not Native Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail Native Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Native Uvularia grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort Native Verbascum x hybrida Verbascum ‘Southern Charm’Not Native Verbascum blattaria Moth Mullein Not Native Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Not Native Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Native Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain Native Verbena urticifolia White Vervain Native Vernonia fasciculata Common Ironweed; Prairie Ironweed; Smooth Ironweed Native Vernonia missurica Missouri Ironweed Native Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell Not Native Veronicastrum virginicum Culver’s Root Native Vicia americana American Vetch; Purple Vetch Native Vinca minor Common Periwinkle Not Native Viola canadensis Canada Violet Native Viola pubescens Yellow Violet; Downy Yellow Violet Native Viola sororia Common Blue Violet Native Viola sp.Unknown Violet Undetermined Woodsia obtusa Blunt-Lobed Cliff Fern Native Xanthium strumarium Spiny Cocklebur Not Native Zizia aptera Heartleaf Alexanders Native Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Native APPENDIX D. | 461 Appendix D. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Identification and Description of Practices to Avoid the Introduction or Movement of Invasive Species APPENDIX D. | 462 Appendix D. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Identification and Description of Practices to Avoid the Introduction or Movement of Invasive Species It is the MnDNR’s policy to limit the introduction of invasive species onto MnDNR managed lands and waters, limit their rate of geographical spread, and reduce their impact on high value resources. The movement of equipment, organisms, and organic and inorganic material are potential pathways for the introduction or spread of invasive species. Each of these pathways should be considered and addressed to reduce risk associated with invasive species movement. General Procedures for Intentional Movement of Equipment 1. Before arriving at a work site, inspect for and remove all visible plants, seeds, mud, soil, and animals from equipment. 2. Before leaving a work site, inspect for and remove all visible plants, seeds, mud, soil and animals from equipment. 3. After working on infested waters or waters known to harbor pathogens of concern, clean and dry equipment prior to using in locations not known to be infested with species or pathogens present at the last location visited. Specific Procedures: Vehicles and Heavy Equipment 1. When possible maintain separate equipment to use on uninfested sites. 2. If working on multiple sites, work in uninfested sites before infested sites and clean equipment after use. 3. When working within a site with invasive species work in uninfested areas before infested areas and clean equipment after use. 4. Avoid entering site under wet conditions to minimize rutting and other soil disturbances. 5. Minimize area of soil disturbance with equipment. 6. Minimize number of access points to site. 7. When creating roads and trails minimize area of vegetation and soil disturbance. 8. Survey site before management treatment and treat or avoid moving equipment through existing patches of invasive species. 9. Conduct post management treatment monitoring and treat any responding invasive species. 10. Inspect all gear and remove vegetation, soil, and organisms prior to arriving and leaving site. 11. On sites that are known to be infested with species such as garlic mustard, spotted knapweed, leafy spurge, etc (species with small seed that can collect on cloth material) wash clothing after work is complete. 12. Carry boot brush in or on all vehicles and clean boots and clothing (in a controlled area) when leaving any site. 13. Use brush to clean gear and equipment such as chainsaws to remove loose soil and plant materials. 14. Avoid parking in patches of invasive species. When unavoidable, clean vehicle of all visible evidence of soil and vegetation when leaving site. 15. Brush off (hand remove) plants, seeds, mud, soil and animals from vehicles, including wheel wells, tracks, hums, blades, grills, etc. 16. Power spray equipment after hand removal if necessary to remove aquatic plant remnants (particularly curly-leaf pondweed, Eurasian watermilfoil, flowering rush, and purple loosestrife) and earthworms. General Procedures for Intentional Movement of Organisms, Organic and Inorganic Material (including water, fish, plants, mulch, soil, gravel, rock) 1. Do not plant or introduce prohibited or regulated invasive species or other listed invasive species. 2. Do not transport water from infested waters, except by permit. When you must use water from an infested waters, do not drain this water or water that has come in contact with organisms from the infested waters, where it can run into another basin, river, or drain system that does not go to a treatment facility. 3. Use only mulch, soil, gravel, etc. that is invasive species-free or has a very low likelihood of having invasive species. APPENDIX D. | 463 4. Do not transplant organisms or plant material from any waters with known populations of invasive aquatic invertebrates 5. Do not move soil, dredge material, or raw wood projects that may harbor invasive species from infested sites. Specific Procedures: Re-vegetation (Aquatic and Terrestrial Plants) 1. Do not plant or introduce prohibited or regulated invasive species or other listed invasive species. 2. Inspect transplanted vegetation for signs of invasive species that may be attached to the vegetation and remove (i.e., other plant material and animals, etc.) 3. Re-vegetate with native species. 4. Preserve existing native vegetation. Peel topsoil that contains natives away from the work zone, stockpile and then replace it at the end of construction. This can help re-establish native species quickly. 5. If stockpiled invasive free topsoil isn’t adequate for post-construction landscaping, and black dirt, sand or gravel must be purchased, purchase invasive species (i.e., worm) free material. 6. Purchase certified weed-free mulch. 7. Inspect outside of storage containers and materials for visible presence of invasive species. 8. If possible use seeding material, plants, fill, straw, gravel, and mulch that are certified as uninfested. 9. Monitor areas where materials are added for evidence of invasive species germination. 10. When possible minimize the use of outside materials. Procedures to Minimize the Risk of Increasing the Dominance of Invasive Species on Site 1. Survey site before burning and treat or avoid moving through patches of invasive species before burn is conducted. 2. Avoid entering site under wet conditions to minimize rutting and other soil disturbances. 3. Conduct post-treatment monitoring and treat any invasive species (such as resprouts and germination). Site Planning and Management Construction activities that disturb the soil surface can expose dormant invasive species seed banks and create a growth medium that favors invasive plants. Landscaping can also introduce invasive plant species, as can maintenance activities such as mowing, grading, and stormwater pond maintenance. Exercise site-level management to minimize the introduction, spread, and impact of invasive species. Site- level management shall include planning, implementation and evaluation procedures that reduce the risk of introduction, spread, and impact of invasive species. Procedures include identification of invasive species, monitoring for invasive species, developing strategies and actions to minimize spread and impact, implementing management actions, and evaluating success. References Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Operational Order #113, Invasive Species, May 31, 2007. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Invasive Species Operational Handbook, May 31, 2007. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Standard Protocols for Invasive Species Prevention on Terrestrial Sites (Draft). APPENDIX E. | 464 Appendix E. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) Report for Iowa City APPENDIX E. | 465 Appendix E. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) Report for Iowa City IPaC resource list This report is an automatically generated list of species and other resources such as critical habitat (collectively referred to as trust resources) under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) jurisdiction that are known or expected to be on or near the project area referenced below. The list may also include trust resources that occur outside of the project area, but that could potentially be directly or indirectly affected by activities in the project area. However, determining the likelihood and extent of effects a project may have on trust resources typically requires gathering additional site-specific (e.g., vegetation/species surveys) and project-specific (e.g., magnitude and timing of proposed activities) information. Below is a summary of the project information you provided and contact information Local office U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceIPaC APPENDIX E. | 466 Illinois-Iowa Ecological Services Field Office (309) 757-5800 (309) 757-5807 Illinois & Iowa Ecological Services Field Office 1511 47th Ave Moline, IL 61265-7022 APPENDIX E. | 467 Endangered species This resource list is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an analysis of project level impacts. The primary information used to generate this list is the known or expected range of each species. Additional areas of influence (AOI) for species are also considered. An AOI includes areas outside of the species range if the species could be indirectly affected by activities in that area (e.g., placing a dam upstream of a fish population, even if that fish does not occur at the dam site, may indirectly impact the species by reducing or eliminating water flow downstream). Because species can move, and site conditions can change, the species on this list are not guaranteed to be found on or near the project area. To fully determine any potential effects to species, additional site-specific and project-specific information is often required. Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of such proposed action" for any project that is conducted, Listed species are managed by the Ecological Services Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1. Species listed under the Endangered Species Act are threatened or endangered; IPaC also shows species that are candidates, or proposed, for listing. See the listing status page for more information. The following species are potentially affected by activities in this location: 1 APPENDIX E. | 468 Mammals Clams NAME STATUS Indiana Bat Myotis sodalis There is a final critical habitat designated for this species. Your location is outside the designated critical habitat. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5949 Endangered Northern Long-eared Bat Myotis septentrionalis No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9045 Threatened NAME STATUS Higgins Eye (pearlymussel)Lampsilis higginsii No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Endangered Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid Platanthera leucophaea No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/601 Threatened Prairie Bush-clover Lespedeza leptostachya No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4458 Threatened APPENDIX E. | 469 Critical habitats Potential effects to critical habitat(s) in this location must be analyzed along with the endangered species themselves. THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS AT THIS LOCATION. Migratory birds Western Prairie Fringed Orchid Platanthera praeclara No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1669 Threatened Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 2. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940. 3. 50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a) Additional information can be found using the following links: • Birds of Conservation Concern http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/managed- species/ birds-of-conservation-concern.php APPENDIX E. | 470 The migratory birds species listed below are species of particular conservation concern (e.g. Birds of Conservation Concern) that may be potentially affected by activities in this location. It is not a list of every bird species you may find in this location, nor a guarantee that all of the bird species on this list will be found on or near this location. Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, special attention should be made to avoid and minimize impacts to birds of priority concern. To view available data on other bird species that may occur in your project area, please visit the AKN Histogram Tools and Other Bird Data Resources. To fully determine any potential effects to species, additional site-specific and project- specific information is often required. • Conservation measures for birds http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project- assessment-tools-and-guidance/ conservation-measures.php • Year-round bird occurrence data http://www.birdscanada.org/birdmon/default/datasummaries.jsp NAME SEASON(S) https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6487 Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus Breeding Dickcissel Spiza americana Breeding Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla Breeding APPENDIX E. | 471 Henslow's Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3941 Breeding Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus Breeding Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6175 Breeding Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8833 Breeding Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus Year-round Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8831 Breeding Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1098 Breeding Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9294 Breeding Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3482 Breeding APPENDIX E. | 472 What does IPaC use to generate the list of migratory bird species potentially occurring in my specified location? Landbirds: Migratory birds that are displayed on the IPaC species list are based on ranges in the latest edition of the National Geographic Guide, Birds of North America (6th Edition, 2011 by Jon L. Dunn, and Jonathan Alderfer). Although these ranges are coarse in nature, a number of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service migratory bird biologists agree that these maps are some of the best range maps to date. These ranges were clipped to a specific Bird Conservation Region (BCR) or USFWS Region/Regions, if it was indicated in the 2008 list of Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) that a species was a BCC species only in a particular Region/Regions. Additional modifications have been made to some ranges based on more local or refined range information and/or information provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists with species expertise. All migratory birds that show in areas on land in IPaC are those that appear in the 2008 Birds of Conservation Concern report. Integrative Statistical Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf. The models resulting from this project are being used in a number of decision-support/mapping products in order to help guide decision- making on activities off the Atlantic Coast with the goal of reducing impacts to migratory birds. One such product is the Northeast Ocean Data Portal, which can be used to explore details about the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species in a particular area off the Atlantic Coast. All migratory bird range maps within IPaC are continuously being updated as new and better information becomes available. Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Breeding Worm Eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum Breeding APPENDIX E. | 473 Can I get additional information about the levels of occurrence in my project area of specific birds or groups of birds listed in IPaC? Landbirds: The Avian Knowledge Network (AKN)provides a tool currently called the "Histogram Tool", which draws from the data within the AKN (latest,survey, point count, citizen science datasets) to create a view of relative abundance of species within a particular location over the course of the year. The results of the tool depict the frequency of detection of a species in survey events, averaged between multiple datasets within AKN in a particular week of the year. You may access the histogram tools through the Migratory Bird Programs AKN Histogram Tools webpage. The tool is currently available for 4 regions (California, Northeast U.S., Southeast U.S. and Midwest), which encompasses the following 32 states: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North, Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. In the near future, there are plans to expand this tool nationwide within the AKN, and allow the graphs produced to appear with the list of trust resources generated by IPaC, providing you with an additional level of detail about the level of occurrence of the species of particular concern Wildlife refuges Any activity proposed on National Wildlife Refuge lands must undergo a 'Compatibility Determination' conducted by the Refuge. Please contact the individual Refuges to discuss any questions or concerns. THERE ARE NO REFUGES AT THIS LOCATION. APPENDIX E. | 474 Fish hatcheries THERE ARE NO FISH HATCHERIES AT THIS LOCATION. Wetlands in the National Wetlands Inventory Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes. For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District. WETLAND INFORMATION IS NOT AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME image analysts, the amount and quality of the collateral data and the amount of ground truth verification work conducted. Metadata should be consulted to determine the date of the source imagery used and any mapping problems. Wetlands or other mapped features may have changed since the date of the imagery or field work. There may be occasional differences in polygon boundaries or classifications between the information depicted on the map and the actual conditions on site. Data exclusions APPENDIX E. | 475 Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery. Data precautions Federal, state, and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may define and describe wetlands in a different manner than that used in this inventory. There is no attempt, in either the design or products of this inventory, to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal, state, or local government or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies. Persons intending to engage in activities involving modifications within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek the advice of appropriate federal, state, or local agencies concerning specified agency regulatory programs and proprietary jurisdictions that may affect such activities. https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/BU4TQ7CXO5A37EM2JF3DEEKCAA/resources APPENDIX F. | 476 Appendix F. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory State-Listed Species in Johnson County (Iowa DNR 2017b) APPENDIX F. | 477 Appendix F. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory State-Listed Species in Johnson County (Iowa DNR 2017b) State and Federal Status: E=Endangered; T=Threatened; S=Special Concern Common Name Scientific Name Class State Status Federal Status Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus BIRDS S Barn Owl Tyto alba BIRDS E King Rail Rallus elegans BIRDS E Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus BIRDS E Freckled Madtom Noturus nocturnus FISH E Orangethroat Darter Etheostoma spectabile FISH T Butterfly Ellipsaria lineolata FRESHWATER MUSSELS T Creeper Strophitus undulatus FRESHWATER MUSSELS T Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax FRESHWATER MUSSELS E Higgin’s-eye Pearly Mussel Lampsilis higginsii FRESHWATER MUSSELS E E Pistolgrip Tritogonia verrucosa FRESHWATER MUSSELS E Purple Wartyback Cyclonaias tuberculata FRESHWATER MUSSELS T Round Pigtoe Pleurobema sintoxia FRESHWATER MUSSELS E Sheepnose Plethobasus cyphyus FRESHWATER MUSSELS E E Yellow Sandshell Lampsilis teres FRESHWATER MUSSELS E Byssus Skipper Problema byssus INSECTS T Dion Skipper Euphyes dion INSECTS S Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor INSECTS S Purplish Copper Lycaena helloides INSECTS S Northern Long-eared Bat Myotis septentrionalis MAMMALS T Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius MAMMALS E Cleft Phlox Phlox bifida PLANTS (DICOTS) S Cream Violet Viola striata PLANTS (DICOTS) S Creeping Bush-clover Lespedeza repens PLANTS (DICOTS) S Earleaf Foxglove Tomanthera auriculata PLANTS (DICOTS) S Fineberry Hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa PLANTS (DICOTS) S Frost Grape Vitis vulpina PLANTS (DICOTS) S Hedge Nettle Stachys aspera PLANTS (DICOTS) S Hill’s Thistle Cirsium hillii PLANTS (DICOTS) S Hortulan Plum Prunus hortulana PLANTS (DICOTS) S Humped Bladderwort Utricularia gibba PLANTS (DICOTS) S Lance-leaved Violet Viola lanceolata PLANTS (DICOTS) S Limestone Rockcress Arabis divaricarpa PLANTS (DICOTS) S Low Hairy Ground-cherry Physalis pubescens PLANTS (DICOTS) S Muskroot Adoxa moschatellina PLANTS (DICOTS) S Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea PLANTS (DICOTS) S Pinesap Monotropa hypopithys PLANTS (DICOTS) T APPENDIX F. | 478 Common Name Scientific Name Class State Status Federal Status Pink Milkwort Polygala incarnata PLANTS (DICOTS) T Purple Cress Cardamine douglassii PLANTS (DICOTS) S Ricebutton Aster Aster dumosus PLANTS (DICOTS) E Sage Willow Salix candida PLANTS (DICOTS) S Saskatoon Service-berry Amelanchier alnifolia PLANTS (DICOTS) S Slender Copperleaf Acalypha gracilens PLANTS (DICOTS) S Smooth Black-haw Viburnum prunifolium PLANTS (DICOTS) S Spring Avens Geum vernum PLANTS (DICOTS) S St. John’s Wort Hypericum canadense PLANTS (DICOTS) S Toothcup Rotala ramosior PLANTS (DICOTS) S Water Shield Brasenia schreberi PLANTS (DICOTS) S Water Starwort Callitriche heterophylla PLANTS (DICOTS) S Waxleaf Meadowrue Thalictrum revolutum PLANTS (DICOTS) E Winged Monkey Flower Mimulus alatus PLANTS (DICOTS) T Wooly Milkweed Asclepias lanuginosa PLANTS (DICOTS) T Broom Sedge Andropogon virginicus PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Bur-reed Sparganium androcladum PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Bush’s Sedge Carex bushii PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Capitate Spikerush Eleocharis olivacea PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Chapman Bluegrass Poa chapmaniana PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Crawe Sedge Carex crawei PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid Platanthera leucophaea PLANTS (MONOCOTS) E T Field Sedge Carex conoidea PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Glomerate Sedge Carex aggregata PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Grass Pink Calopogon oklahomensis PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Great Plains Ladies’-tresses Spiranthes magnicamporum PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Green Adder’s Mouth Malaxis unifolia PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Minute Duckweed Lemna perpusilla PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Oval Ladies’-tresses Spiranthes ovalis PLANTS (MONOCOTS) T Pale Green Orchid Platanthera flava PLANTS (MONOCOTS) E Shallow Sedge Carex lurida PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Showy Lady’s Slipper Cypripedium reginae PLANTS (MONOCOTS) T Slender Fimbry Fimbristylis autumnalis PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Slender Ladies’-tresses Spiranthes lacera PLANTS (MONOCOTS) T Slim-leaved Panic Grass Dichanthelium linearifolium PLANTS (MONOCOTS) T Tall Cotton Grass Eriophorum angustifolium PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Wolf Spike-rush Eleocharis wolfii PLANTS (MONOCOTS) S Crowfoot Clubmoss Lycopodium digitatum PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) S Ground Pine Lycopodium clavatum PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) E APPENDIX F. | 479 Common Name Scientific Name Class State Status Federal Status Ledge Spikemoss Selaginella rupestris PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) S Limestone Oak Fern Gymnocarpium robertianum PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) S Northern Adder’s-tongue Ophioglossum pusillum PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) S Oak Fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris PLANTS (PTERIODOPHYTES) T Blanding’s Turtle Emydoidea blandingii REPTILES T Bullsnake Pituophis catenifer sayi REPTILES S Common Musk Turtle Sternotherus odoratus REPTILES T Eastern Massasauga Sistrurus catenatus REPTILES E T Ornate Box Turtle Terrapene ornata REPTILES T Smooth Green Snake Liochlorophis vernalis REPTILES S APPENDIX G. | 480 Appendix G. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP) Scorecard for Iowa City APPENDIX G. | 481 Appendix G. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP) Scorecard for Iowa City CODE AND ORDINANCE WORKSHEET The Code and Ordinance Worksheet allows an in-depth review of the standards, ordinances, and codes (i.e., the development rules) that shape how development occurs in your community. You are guided through a systematic comparison of your local development rules against the model development principles. Institutional frameworks, regulatory structures and incentive programs are included in this review. The worksheet consists of a series of questions that correspond to each of the model development principles. Points are assigned based on how well the current development rules agree with the site planning benchmarks derived from the model development principles. The worksheet is intended to guide you through the first two steps of a local site planning roundtable. Step 1: Find out what the Development Rules are in your community. Step 2: See how your rules stack up to the Model Development Principles. The homework done in these first two steps helps to identify which development rules are potential candidates for change. PREPARING TO COMPLETE THE CODE AND ORDINANCE WORKSHEET Two tasks need to be performed before you begin in the worksheet. First, you must identify all the development rules that apply in your community. Second, you must identify the local, state, and federal authorities that actually administer or enforce the development rules within your community. Both tasks require a large investment of time. The development process is usually shaped by a complex labyrinth of regulations, criteria, and authorities. A team approach may be helpful. You may wish to enlist the help of a local plan reviewer, land planner, land use attorney, or civil engineer. Their real-world experience with the development process is often very useful in completing the worksheet. About the Adobe Acrobat Form Note: Acrobat Reader will not save the information entered into a form. Saving changes is only possible with a full version of Acrobat. •The blue fields indicate that an answer is required. •The gray fields are for notes and are not required, but highly recommended. •The green fields will automatically summarize the points – no input is needed here. To fill out a form: 1. Select the hand tool . 2. Position the pointer inside a form field, and click. The I-beam pointer allows you to type text. If your pointer appears as a pointing finger, you can select an item from a list (i.e., YES or NO). 3.After entering text or making a selection, press Tab to accept the form field change and go to the next or previous field. 4. Once you have filled in the appropriate form fields, do both of the following: •Choose File > Export > Form Data to save the form data in a separate FDF file. Type a filename and click save. •Print the form so that you have a hard copy for your records. And Most Importantly… Send CWP a copy! Let us know how you did! APPENDIX G. | 482 Code and Ordinance Worksheet Identify the Development Rules Gather the key documents that contain the development rules in your community. A list of potential documents to look for is provided in Table 1. Keep in mind that the information you may want on a particular development rule is not always found in code or regulation, and maybe hidden in supporting design manuals, review checklists, guidance document or construction specifications. In most cases, this will require an extensive search. Few communities include all of their rules in a single document. Be prepared to contact state and federal, as well as local agencies to obtain copies of the needed documents. Table 1: Key Local Documents that will be Needed to Complete the COW Zoning Ordinance Subdivision Codes Street Standards or Road Design Manual Parking Requirements Building and Fire Regulations/Standards Stormwater Management or Drainage Criteria Buffer or Floodplain Regulations Environmental Regulations Tree Protection or Landscaping Ordinance Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinances Public Fire Defense Masterplans Grading Ordinance Identify Development Authorities Once the development rules are located, it is relatively easy to determine which local agencies or authorities are actually responsible for administering and enforcing the rules. Completing this step will provide you with a better understanding of the intricacies of the development review process and helps identify key members of a future local roundtable. Table 2 provides a simple framework for identifying the agencies that influence development in your community. As you will see, space is provided not only for local agencies, but for state and federal agencies as well. In some cases, state and federal agencies may also exercise some authority over the local development process (e.g., wetlands, some road design, and stormwater). USING THE WORKSHEET: HOW DO YOUR RULES STACK UP TO THE MODEL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES? Completing the Worksheet Once you have located the documents that outline your development rules and identified the authorities responsible for development in your community, you are ready for the next step. You can now use the worksheet to compare your development rules to the model development principles. The worksheet is presented at the end of this chapter. The worksheet presents seventy-seven site planning benchmarks. The benchmarks are posed as questions. Each benchmark focuses on a specific site design practice, such as the minimum diameter of cul- de-sacs, the minimum width of streets, or the minimum parking ratio for a certain land use. You should refer to the codes, ordinances, and plans identified in the first step to determine the appropriate development rule. The questions require either a yes or no response or specific numeric criteria. If your development rule agrees with the site planning benchmark, you are awarded points. APPENDIX G. | 483 Code and Ordinance Worksheet Calculating Your Score A place is provided on each page of the worksheet to keep track of your running score. In addition, the worksheet is subdivided into three categories: •Residential Streets and Parking Lots (Principles No. 1 - 10) •Lot Development (Principles No. 11 - 16) •Conservation of Natural Areas (Principles No. 17 - 22). For each category, you are asked to subtotal your score. This “Time to Assess” allows you to consider which development rules are most in line with the site planning benchmarks and what rules are potential candidates for change. The total number of points possible for all of the site planning benchmarks is 100. Your overall score provides a general indication of your community's ability to support environmentally sensitive development. As a general rule, if your overall score is lower than 80, then it may be advisable to systematically reform your local development rules. A score sheet is provided at end of the Code and Ordinance Worksheet to assist you in determining where your community’s score places in respect to the Model Development Principles. Once you have completed the worksheet, go back and review your responses. Determine if there are specific areas that need improvement (e.g., development rules that govern road design) or if your development rules are generally pretty good. This review is key to implementation of better development: assessment of your current development rules and identification of impediments to innovative site design. This review also directly leads into the next step: a site planning roundtable process conducted at the local government level. The primary tasks of a local roundtable are to systematically review existing development rules and then determine if changes can or should be made. By providing a much-needed framework for overcoming barriers to better development, the site planning roundtable can serve as an important tool for local change. APPENDIX G. | 484 Code and Ordinance Worksheet Table 2: Local, State, and Federal Authorities Responsible for Development in Your Community Development Responsibility State/Federal County Town Agency: Contact Name: Sets road standards Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Review/approves subdivision plans Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Establishes zoning ordinances Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Establishes subdivision ordinances Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Reviews/establishes stormwater management or drainage criteria Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Provides fire protection and fire protection code enforcement Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Oversees buffer ordinance Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Oversees wetland protection Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Establishes grading requirements or oversees erosion and sediment control program Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Reviews/approves septic systems Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Review/approves utility plans (e.g., water and sewer) Phone No.: Agency: Contact Name: Reviews/approves forest conservation/ tree protection plans Phone No.: APPENDIX G. | 485 Development Feature Your Local Criteria 1. Street Width What is the minimum pavement width allowed for streets in low density residential developments that have less than 500 daily trips (ADT)? ________ feet If your answer is between 18-22 feet, give yourself 4 points •• At higher densities are parking lanes allowed to also serve as traffic lanes (i.e., queuing streets)?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 3 points •• Notes on Street Width (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 2. Street Length Do street standards promote the most efficient street layouts that reduce overall street length?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Street Length (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 3. Right-of-Way Width What is the minimum right of way (ROW) width for a residential street?________ feet If your answer is less than 45 feet, give yourself 3 points •• Does the code allow utilities to be placed under the paved section of the ROW?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on ROW Width (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 4. Cul-de-Sacs What is the minimum radius allowed for cul-de-sacs?________ feet If your answer is less than 35 feet, give yourself 3 points •• If your answer is 36 feet to 45 feet, give yourself 1 point •• Can a landscaped island be created within the cul-de-sac?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are alternative turnarounds such as “hammerheads” allowed on short streets in low density residential developments?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Cul-de-Sacs (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 5 22 4 NO YES 1 60 0 YES 1 Street width compliance prevented by city requirements for tree planting and utility infrastructure - would add 3 pts to score. 39 1 YES 1 YES 1 9 APPENDIX G. | 486 Development Feature Your Local Criteria 5.Vegetated Open Channels Are curb and gutters required for most residential street sections?YES/ NO If your answer is NO, give yourself 2 points •• Are there established design criteria for swales that can provide stormwater quality treatment (i.e., dry swales, biofilters, or grass swales)?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Vegetated Open Channel (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 6. Parking Ratios What is the minimum parking ratio for a professional office building (per 1000 ft2 of gross floor area)? ________ spaces If your answer is less than 3.0 spaces, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum required parking ratio for shopping centers (per 1,000 ft2 gross floor area)?________ spaces If your answer is 4.5 spaces or less, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum required parking ratio for single family homes (per home)?________ spaces If your answer is less than or equal to 2.0 spaces, give yourself 1 point •• Are your parking requirements set as maximum or median (rather than minimum) requirements?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Parking Ratios (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 7. Parking Codes Is the use of shared parking arrangements promoted?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are model shared parking agreements provided?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are parking ratios reduced if shared parking arrangements are in place?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• If mass transit is provided nearby, is the parking ratio reduced?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Parking Codes (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 6 YES 0 NO 0 3.3 0 4.0 1 1.0 1 NO 0 YES 1 NO 0 YES 1 NO 0 4 APPENDIX G. | 487 Development Feature Your Local Criteria 8. Parking Lots What is the minimum stall width for a standard parking space?________ feet If your answer is 9 feet or less, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum stall length for a standard parking space?________ feet If your answer is 18 feet or less, give yourself 1 point •• Are at least 30% of the spaces at larger commercial parking lots required to have smaller dimensions for compact cars?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Can pervious materials be used for spillover parking areas?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Parking Lots (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 9. Structured Parking Are there any incentives to developers to provide parking within garages rather than surface parking lots?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Structured Parking (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 10.Parking Lot Runoff Is a minimum percentage of a parking lot required to be landscaped?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Is the use of bioretention islands and other stormwater practices within landscaped areas or setbacks allowed?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Parking Lot Runoff (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 7 9.0 1 18.0 1 NO 0 YES 2 NO 0 YES 2 YES 2 8 APPENDIX G. | 488 Development Feature Your Local Criteria ••Time to Assess: Principles 1 - 10 focused on the codes, ordinances, and standards that determine the size, shape, and construction of parking lots, roadways, and driveways in the suburban landscape. There were a total of 40 points available for Principles 1 - 10. What was your total score? Subtotal Page 5 ____ + Subtotal Page 6 ____ + Subtotal Page 7 ____ = Where were your codes and ordinances most in line with the principles? What codes and ordinances are potential impediments to better development? 11.Open Space Design Are open space or cluster development designs allowed in the community?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 3 points •• If your answer is NO, skip to question No. 12 Is land conservation or impervious cover reduction a major goal or objective of the open space design ordinance?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are the submittal or review requirements for open space design greater than those for conventional development?YES/ NO If your answer is NO, give yourself 1 point •• Is open space or cluster design a by-right form of development?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are flexible site design criteria available for developers that utilize open space or cluster design options (e.g., setbacks, road widths, lot sizes) YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Open Space Design (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 8 9 4 8 21 Parking requirements were closer in line with principles and only need modifications such as encouraging shared parking, reductions where public transportation is available, and including a minimum landscaping percentage for parking lots. Minimum street requirements should be reduced, particularly for lower volume roads. YES 3 YES 1 YES 0 NO 0 YES 2 6 APPENDIX G. | 489 Development Feature Your Local Criteria 12.Setbacks and Frontages Are irregular lot shapes (e.g., pie-shaped, flag lots) allowed in the community?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum requirement for front setbacks for a one half (½) acre residential lot?________ feet If your answer is 20 feet or less, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum requirement for rear setbacks for a one half (½) acre residential lot?________ feet If your answer is 25 feet or less, give yourself 1 point •• What is the minimum requirement for side setbacks for a one half (½) acre residential lot?________ feet If your answer is 8 feet or less, give yourself 1 points •• What is the minimum frontage distance for a one half (½) acre residential lot?________ feet If your answer is less than 80 feet, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Setback and Frontages (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 13. Sidewalks What is the minimum sidewalk width allowed in the community?________ feet If your answer is 4 feet or less, give yourself 2 points •• Are sidewalks always required on both sides of residential streets?YES/ NO If your answer is NO, give yourself 2 points •• Are sidewalks generally sloped so they drain to the front yard rather than the street?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Can alternate pedestrian networks be substituted for sidewalks (e.g., trails through common areas)?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Sidewalks (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 14. Driveways What is the minimum driveway width specified in the community?________ feet If your answer is 9 feet or less (one lane) or 18 feet (two lanes), give yourself 2 points •• Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 9 YES 1 15.0 1 20.0 1 5.0 1 45.0 2 5.0 2 YES 0 NO 0 NO 0 Sidewalk width compliance prevented by ADA recommendations. Two points credited. 0.0 2 10 APPENDIX G. | 490 Development Feature Your Local Criteria Can pervious materials be used for single family home driveways (e.g., grass, gravel, porous pavers, etc)? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Can a “two track” design be used at single family driveways? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are shared driveways permitted in residential developments? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Driveways (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 15.Open Space Management Skip to question 16 if open space, cluster, or conservation developments are not allowed in your community. Does the community have enforceable requirements to establish associations that can effectively manage open space? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Are open space areas required to be consolidated into larger units? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Does a minimum percentage of open space have to be managed in a natural condition? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Are allowable and unallowable uses for open space in residential developments defined? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Can open space be managed by a third party using land trusts or conservation easements? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Open Space Management (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 16. Rooftop Runoff Can rooftop runoff be discharged to yard areas?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Do current grading or drainage requirements allow for temporary ponding of stormwater on front yards or rooftops?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Rooftop Runoff (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 10 YES 2 NO 0 YES 1 YES 2 YES 1 YES 1 YES 1 YES 1 YES 2 YES 2 Temporary ponding prohibited due to public health issues regarding disease transmission (Zika). Two points credited. 13 APPENDIX G. | 491 Development Feature Your Local Criteria ••Time to Assess: Principles 11 through 16 focused on the regulations which determine lot size, lot shape, housing density, and the overall design and appearance of our neighborhoods. There were a total of 36 points available for Principles 11 - 16. What was your total score? Subtotal Page 8 ____ + Subtotal Page 9 ____ + Subtotal Page 10 ____ = Where were your codes and ordinances most in line with the principles? What codes and ordinances are potential impediments to better development? 17. Buffer Systems Is there a stream buffer ordinance in the community?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• If so, what is the minimum buffer width?________ feet If your answer is 75 feet or more, give yourself 1 point •• Is expansion of the buffer to include freshwater wetlands, steep slopes or the 100- year floodplain required?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Buffer Systems (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 18. Buffer Maintenance If you do not have stream buffer requirements in your community, skip to question No. 19 Does the stream buffer ordinance specify that at least part of the stream buffer be maintained with native vegetation? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Does the stream buffer ordinance outline allowable uses? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 11 6 10 13 29 Open Space Design and Setbacks and Frontages scored well, but sidewalks, open space management, and rooftop runoff did not. YES 2 50.0 0 YES 1 NO 0 YES 1 4 APPENDIX G. | 492 Development Feature Your Local Criteria Does the ordinance specify enforcement and education mechanisms? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Buffer Systems (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 19.Clearing and Grading Is there any ordinance that requires or encourages the preservation of natural vegetation at residential development sites?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Do reserve septic field areas need to be cleared of trees at the time of development?YES/ NO If your answer is NO, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Buffer Maintenance (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 20. Tree Conservation If forests or specimen trees are present at residential development sites, does some of the stand have to be preserved?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Are the limits of disturbance shown on construction plans adequate for preventing clearing of natural vegetative cover during construction?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Notes on Tree Conservation (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): 21.Land Conservation Incentives Are there any incentives to developers or landowners to conserve non-regulated land (open space design, density bonuses, stormwater credits or lower property tax rates)? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Is flexibility to meet regulatory or conservation restrictions (density compensation, buffer averaging, transferable development rights, off-site mitigation) offered to developers? YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Land Cons. Incentives (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 12 NO 0 Need to require natives plants in buffers. NO 0 NO 1 YES 2 YES 1 NO 0 YES 2 6 APPENDIX G. | 493 Development Feature Your Local Criteria 22. Stormwater Outfalls Is stormwater required to be treated for quality before it is discharged?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Are there effective design criteria for stormwater best management practices (BMPs)?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 1 point •• Can stormwater be directly discharges into a jurisdictional wetland without pretreatment?YES/ NO If your answer is NO, give yourself 1 point •• Does a floodplain management ordinance that restricts or prohibits development within the 100-year floodplain exist?YES/ NO If your answer is YES, give yourself 2 points •• Notes on Stormwater Outfalls (include source documentation such as name of document, section and page #): Code and Ordinance Worksheet Subtotal Page 13 ••Time to Assess: Principles 17 through 22 addressed the codes and ordinances that promote (or impede) protection of existing natural areas and incorporation of open spaces into new development. There were a total of 24 points available for Principles 17 - 22. What was your total score? Subtotal Page 11 ____ + Subtotal Page 12 ____ + Subtotal Page 13 ____ = Where were your codes and ordinances most in line with the principles? What codes and ordinances are potential impediments to better development? To determine final score, add up subtotal from each ••Time to Assess Principles 1 - 10 (Page 8) Principles 11 - 16 (Page 11) Principles 17 - 22 (Page 13) TOTAL NO 0 NO 0 YES 0 YES 2 2 4 6 2 12 Better natural area and open space protections needed. Three categories missed due to external compliance (sidewalks, ROW, and ponding) would increase score to 65 pts. 21 29 12 62 APPENDIX G. | 494 Code and Ordinance Worksheet SCORING (A total of 100 points are available): Your Community’s Score 90- 100 •• Congratulations! Your community is a real leader in protecting streams, lakes, and estuaries. Keep up the good work. 80 - 89 •• Your local development rules are pretty good, but could use some tweaking in some areas. 79 - 70 •• Significant opportunities exist to improve your development rules. Consider creating a site planning roundtable. 60 - 69 •• Development rules are inadequate to protect your local aquatic resources. A site planning roundtable would be very useful. less than 60 •• Your development rules definitely are not environmentally friendly. Serious reform of the development rules is needed. APPENDIX H. | 495 Appendix H. Native Species Lists for Ecological Restoration and Enhancement of Iowa City Natural Areas APPENDIX H. | 496 Appendix H. Native Species Lists for Ecological Restoration and Enhancement of Iowa City Natural Areas The native woody plants in the following two tables are indigenous to Iowa City and the surrounding ecological region. They are adapted to local conditions of soils, climate, diseases and competition. While some of these species may not have existed historically in the City, they are suitable for landscape plantings with the goal of visual screening, ecological buffering, and wildlife habitat enhancement. Certain species are recommended because they have a high wildlife value as food (e.g., oak, serviceberry, aspen) or as nesting sites (conifers). These and other species are also attractive or have natural history interest because they are used by people or have interesting physical properties. As a precaution, wild genetic stock within a 200-mile radius of the city is preferred over cultivars and more distant genetic strains. Some research suggests that wild strains benefit wildlife to a greater extent than cultivated strains of the same species. Some research also suggests that local genetic strains of certain species are better able to survive local soil, climate, disease and competitive conditions than more distant genetic strains. Additionally a few listed woody species are not indigenous to the area but are innocuous in landscape plantings, and fulfill particular landscape design needs. Upland Native Trees (for multiple land cover types) Common Name Scientific Name Notes Black Maple Acer nigrum Ohio Buckeye Aesculus glabra River Birch Betula nigra moist areas Paper Birch Betula papyrifera Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos Kentucky Coffee-tree Gymnocladus dioicus use male species if desired Black Walnut Juglans nigra Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana evergreen Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus evergreen Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides use male species if desired Quaking Aspen Populus tremuloides Black Cherry Prunus serotina White Oak Quercus alba Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa Chinkapin Oak Quercus muhlenbergii Red Oak Quercus rubra Black Oak Quercus velutina Black Willow Salix nigra wet areas Eastern White Cedar Thuja occidentalis evergreen Basswood Tilia americana APPENDIX H. | 497 Upland Native Understory Trees, Shrubs and Vines (for multiple land cover types) Common Name Scientific Name Form Notes Low Serviceberry Amelanchier humilis Shrub Smooth Serviceberry Amelanchier laevis Short Tree Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Shrub American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana Short Tree Pagoda Dogwood Cornus alternifolia Shrub Gray Dogwood Cornus racemosa Shrub Red-twig Dogwood Cornus sericea Shrub American Hazelnut Corylus americana Shrub Fireberry Hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa Short Tree Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera Shrub Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana Shrub Prairie Crab Apple Malus ioensis Shrub Ironwood Ostrya virginiana Short Tree Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Shrub Wild Plum Prunus americana Shrub Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Shrub Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra Shrub Smooth Rose Rosa blanda Shrub Pussy willow Salix discolor Shrub wet areas Prairie Willow Salix humilis Shrub American Black Elderberry Sambucus nigra ssp canadensis Shrub Nannyberry Viburnum lentago Shrub moist areas Highbush Cranberry Viburnum opulus var. americanum (trilobum)Shrub Riverbank Grape Vitis riparia Vine The plant species included in the following seed lists are indigenous to Iowa City and the surrounding ecological region. They are adapted to local conditions of soils, climate, diseases and competition. As mentioned above regarding recommended woody plantings, “wild-type” seed with a genetic origin from within a 200-mile radius of the city is preferred over cultivars and more distant genetic strains. Site-specific factors must be considered to develop seed mixes (and/or live plant lists) to achieve particular project goals. Also, cover crop is not included in these seed lists; cover crop species and rate will depend on site conditions and timing of seeding. APPENDIX H. | 498 Dry-Mesic Forest/Woodland Seed List (enhancement overseeding) Common Name Scientific Name Notes Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Rosy Sedge Carex rosea graminoid Honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum legume Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix graminoid Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus graminoid Purple Joe-pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum Woodland Sunflower Helianthus strumosus Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza claytonii Giant Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum biflorum Jumpseed Polygonum virginianum Clustered Black Snakeroot Sanicula gregaria Common False Solomon’s Seal Smilacina racemosa Elm-leaved goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia Early Meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum Rue Anemone Thalictrum thalictroides Mesic Forest Seed List (enhancement overseeding) Common Name Scientific Name Notes Canada Columbine Aquilegia canadensis Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Long-beaked sedge Carex sprengelii graminoid Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus graminoid Woodland Sunflower Helianthus strumosus Virginia Waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum Common False Solomon’s Seal Smilacina racemosa Zig-zag Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis Early Meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum APPENDIX H. | 499 Savanna Seed List (ground layer, relatively short, some shade tolerance) Common Name Scientific Name Notes Lead Plant Amorpha canescens legume Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Canadian Milk Vetch Astragalus canadensis legume Side-oats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula graminoid Bicknell’s Sedge Carex bicknellii graminoid Plains Oval Sedge Carex brevior graminoid Partridge Pea Chamaecrista fasciculata legume Prairie Coreopsis Coreopsis palmata Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea legume Canada Wild Rye Elymus canadensis graminoid Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix graminoid Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus graminoid Early Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Prairie Alumroot Heuchera richardsonii Round-headed Bush Clover Lespedeza capitata legume Cylindrical Blazing Star Liatris cylindracea Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa Common Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis Common Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium graminoid Starry False Solomon’s Seal Smilacina stellata Gray Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Smooth Blue Aster Symphyotrichum laeve Side-flowering Aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea APPENDIX H. | 500 Prairie Seed List Common Name Scientific Name Notes Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii graminoid Lead Plant Amorpha canescens legume Canada Anemone Anemone canadensis Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata Canadian Milk Vetch Astragalus canadensis legume Side-oats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula graminoid Bicknell’s Sedge Carex bicknellii graminoid Plains Oval Sedge Carex brevior graminoid Partridge Pea Chamaecrista fasciculata legume Prairie Coreopsis Coreopsis palmata Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea legume Showy Tick Trefoil Desmodium canadense legume Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Canada Wild Rye Elymus canadensis graminoid Early Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Prairie Alumroot Heuchera richardsonii Round-headed Bush Clover Lespedeza capitata legume Cylindrical Blazing Star Liatris cylindracea Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa Common Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis Common Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Yellow Coneflower Ratibida pinnata Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium graminoid Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans graminoid Smooth Blue Aster Symphyotrichum laeve Side-flowering Aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta Heartleaf Alexanders Zizia aptera APPENDIX H. | 501 Herbaceous Lowland Seed List Common Name Scientific Name Notes Canada Anemone Anemone canadensis Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata New England Aster Aster novae-angliae Nodding Beggartick Bidens cernua Bristly Sedge Carex comosa graminoid Prickly Sedge Carex stipata graminoid Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea graminoid Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Fowl Manna Grass Glyceria striata graminoid Autumn Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale Spotted Jewelweed Impatiens capensis Blue Flag Iris Iris versicolor Torrey’s Rush Juncus torreyi graminoid Great Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya Great Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica Wild Mint Mentha arvensis Switchgrass Panicum virgatum graminoid Fowl Bluegrass Poa palustris graminoid Virginia Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum Prairie Cordgrass Spartina pectinata graminoid; best planted as live material Wool Grass Scirpus cyperinus graminoid Grass-Leaved Goldenrod Solidago graminifolia Blue Vervain Verbena hastata Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea APPENDIX I. | 502 Appendix I. City-wide Prioritization, Phasing and Costs of Natural Resources Management APPENDIX I. | 503 Appendix I. City-wide Prioritization, Phasing and Costs of Natural Resources Management Iowa City Natural Areas (16-0777)= top priority site = initial restoration & management Prioritization, Phasing & Opinions of Probable Cost = perpetual management (avg. $300/ac/yr) Scenario: ~$100K/yr for 10 yrs (assumes City contribution $75K/yr, remaining $25K/yr from grants or other sources); costs assume 2% annual inflation = blended initial resto & mgmt and perpetual mgmt Year Prioritization Rationale and Natural Areas/Parks Natural Area Investments (ac) Estimated Initial Resto & Mgmt Costs for Entire Site 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Total Cost Avg. Annual Management Cost per Acre Notes Grand Totals (from prioritization categories 1-4 below)902.1 4,195,166$ 100,292$ 102,298$ 115,581$ 114,225$ 116,509$ 118,840$ 121,216$ 123,641$ 126,114$ 128,636$ 1,167,352$ 1,294$ 1. Manage areas where already City NR investments Ryerson's Woods (estimated acres of brushed forest & restored prairie)8.0 17,745$ 5,856$ 5,973$ 6,092$ 2,547$ 2,598$ 2,650$ 2,703$ 2,757$ 2,812$ 2,868$ 36,855$ 4,607$ heavy lifting done, so 3-yr costs halved Hickory Hill Park (2017 REAP grant areas)36.0 -$ REAP REAP 11,236$ 11,461$ 11,690$ 11,924$ 12,163$ 12,406$ 12,654$ 12,907$ 96,441$ 2,679$ Iowa City Kickers Soccer Park (incl. Oxeye Prairie)51.5 179,090$ 8,954$ 9,134$ 9,316$ 9,503$ 9,693$ 9,886$ 10,084$ 10,286$ 10,492$ 10,701$ 98,049$ 1,903$ initial resto & mgmt required through at least 2037 Sand Prairie 37.2 192,252$ 9,613$ 9,805$ 10,001$ 10,201$ 10,405$ 10,613$ 10,825$ 11,042$ 11,263$ 11,488$ 105,255$ 2,829$ initial resto & mgmt required through at least 2037 Sycamore Greenway 68.9 351,103$ 17,555$ 17,906$ 18,264$ 18,630$ 19,002$ 19,382$ 19,770$ 20,165$ 20,569$ 20,980$ 192,224$ 2,789$ initial resto & mgmt required through at least 2037 Terry Trueblood Recreation Area 94.7 606,788$ 30,339$ 30,946$ 31,565$ 32,196$ 32,840$ 33,497$ 34,167$ 34,850$ 35,547$ 36,258$ 332,208$ 3,507$ initial resto & mgmt required through at least 2037 Waterworks Prairie Park 158.4 559,502$ 27,975$ 28,535$ 29,105$ 29,687$ 30,281$ 30,887$ 31,505$ 32,135$ 32,777$ 33,433$ 306,320$ 1,934$ initial resto & mgmt required through at least 2037 Landfill Wetland 8.9 36,763$ -$ -$ Rohret Road Prairie 0.8 4,060$ -$ -$ Whispering Meadows Wetlands 10.1 51,134$ -$ -$ 420th St Wetland 10.8 28,863$ -$ -$ ESRC Biocells 0.6 4,240$ -$ -$ Fire Station 4 Biocell 0.1 2,000$ -$ -$ Riverfront Crossings Park 18.0 -$ -$ -$ Brookland Park 1.3 8,903$ -$ -$ Kiwanis Park 5.3 29,698$ -$ -$ Makada Wetland Mitigation 3.8 14,639$ -$ -$ Subtotals 514.4 2,086,779$ 100,292$ 102,298$ 115,581$ 114,225$ 116,509$ 118,840$ 121,216$ 123,641$ 126,114$ 128,636$ 1,167,352$ 2,269$ 2. Address early invasions of highest quality natural areas Ryerson's Woods (remainder of park's natural areas)40.3 196,432$ -$ -$ Hickory Hill Park (remainder of park's natural areas)133.5 729,117$ -$ -$ Subtotals 173.7 925,549$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 3. Conduct invasives management at sites with water component Peninsula Park 89.8 520,175$ -$ City Park 5.7 29,150$ -$ Snyder Creek Greenway 9.7 72,200$ -$ Terrell Mill Park 20.9 125,178$ -$ Rec Center Greenway 0.6 3,900$ -$ Riverfront Crossings Greenway 2.1 15,105$ -$ Court Hill Park 3.1 17,499$ -$ Creekside Park 0.3 2,800$ -$ Glendale Park 0.3 2,860$ -$ Subtotals 132.4 788,867$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 4. Resto/enhancement of remaining natural areas, prioritizing "Go Wild" parks followed by other non-park natural areas Hunters Run Park (Go Wild)22.4 94,851$ -$ Sturgis Ferry Park (Go Wild)8.0 42,997$ -$ Bristol Drive Woodlands 19.8 72,336$ -$ Scott Park 16.1 82,440$ -$ Benton Hill Park 2.8 19,875$ -$ Hickory Trail Park 1.7 12,375$ -$ Crandic Park 1.1 5,040$ -$ Lindemann Trail Greenway 1.4 9,527$ -$ Longfellow Nature Trail 1.7 10,494$ -$ Normandy Dr/Ashton House 0.8 6,650$ -$ Duck Creek Detention 0.7 5,440$ -$ Trolley Track Greenway 0.2 2,750$ -$ Villa Park 0.0 -$ -$ Walden Detention Area 0.6 4,455$ -$ Wetherby Park 1.6 7,896$ -$ Windsor Ridge Park 2.7 16,846$ -$ Subtotals 81.6 393,972$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$