HomeMy WebLinkAbout9-10-20 Body Cam Report and AttachmentsDate: September 10, 2020
To: Mayor and Council
From: Geoff Fruin, City Manager
Re: Resolution 20 -159: Body Worn Cameras and In-Car Recorders
Background
The City Council adopted Resolution 20-159, which included the following action:
“Direct the City Manager to review the systems and reporting mechanisms in place at the ICPD
for evaluating compliance with the ICPD’s Body Worn Cameras and In-Car Recorders general
order, ensure that such systems result in consistent compliance with the general order, revise
as necessary to achieve that goal, include real consequences for non-compliance, and report
back to the Council upon completion of the review.” (Res. 20-159, p. 3, #13)”
Prior to this resolution the Iowa City Police Department’s Body Worn Cameras and In-Car
Recorders General Order was last reviewed and approved by the Community Police Review
Board (CPRB) at their February 11, 2020 meeting. Over the last month, I have reviewed the
General Order with the Police Department and City Attorney’s Office and we have
initiated several changes aimed at ensuring recordings fully capture interactions involving
officers, are retained for a sufficient period of time and that officers are accountable for
failure to adhere to the General Order.
The results of that review are incorporated into the attached revised General Order. The revised
General Order was presented at the CPRB’s meeting on September 8th with no further changes
recommended.
Updated General Order 99-08 Body Worn Cameras and In-Car Recorders
Attached to this memo is the latest revision to General Order 99-08 Body Worn Cameras and
In-Car Recorders that was spurred by the City Council’s June resolution. The first version shows
additions to the previous policy in green highlight and deletions in red highlight. A second clean
copy of the new General Order is also attached.
A summary of the changes is provided below:
•Clarification on testing and usage of in-car recording devices prior to starting a shift.
•Clarification that the in-car recording system must be activated on all traffic stops,
including when a citation is being written.
•Increase in minimum video retention periods to 365 days.
•A new mandate for all patrol cars to have a charging device for body worn cameras
aimed at ensuring they have ample charge for extended shifts.
•A new requirement for body worn cameras to be activated during parking enforcement
activities even when there is no interaction with the public.
•A requirement for employees to report back to the station for a replacement if a camera
malfunctions. In emergent situations when a return to the station is not feasible every
attempt to provide a backup officer with a functioning camera shall be pursued.
September 10, 2020
Page 2
• Enhanced supervisory reviews of body cameras including more frequent random checks
and reviews in all use of force incidents. Any incomplete footage will automatically be
investigated through a Report of Inquiry (ROI) process.
• A new annual report on compliance with this Ge neral Order will be sent to the City
Manager’s Office and CPRB for review.
• A new section on discipline that specifies that employees found to intentionally turn off or
disable their recording device will be subject to suspension or termination.
Compliance with this general order has historically been very strong in the Iowa City Police
Department. However, these changes will further enhance usage and public transparency by (1)
expanding testing of equipment and expediting replacement of malfunctioning equipment during
a shift, (2) mandating mobile charging devices in all patrol vehicles, (3) expanding types of
incidents that must be recorded, (4) creating more supervisory review responsibilities, (5)
adding an annual compliance report that will be reviewed by the City Manager and CPRB, and
(6) specifying significant disciplinary measures for intentional disabling of recording devices.
OPS-12.1
Original Date of Issue General Order Number
July 30, 1999 99-08
Effective Date of Reissue Section Code
August 25, 2020 OPS-12
Reevaluation Date
August 2023
Amends
OPS-12 Previous Version (2013)
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
41.3.8 (see “INDEX AS:”)
INDEX AS:
Use of Force Traffic Stops
Internal Investigations Recording Devices
Evidence In-car Recorders
Evaluations Body Worn Cameras (BWC)
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this policy is to identify when recording devices should be used
and procedures to be followed when using the recording equipment.
Note: this policy specifically does not govern nor apply to covert operations and
any related recordings.
II. POLICY
It is the policy of the Iowa City Police Department that all members serving a patrol or
investigative function, to include road CSOs and Animal Control Officers, be required to
use recording devices to collect evidence and document interactions bet ween officers
and the public. Only approved equipment will be used by department members and
usage shall comply with the manufacturer’s instructions. All videos are the property of
the Iowa City Police Department. Any distribution of a video or portion o f a video shall
only be done with the authorization of the Chief of Police or his/her designee. The
unauthorized playing or copying of any video is prohibited.
BODY WORN
CAMERAS and
IN-CAR
RECORDERS
OPS-12.2
III. DEFINITIONS
Audio/video recording equipment consists of :
1. In-car recorders to include a camera, recorder, flashcard and LCD
Display. These units are within the vehicle.
2. Body worn cameras (BWC) of a type selected and issued by the
Department, are cameras worn on an individual officer’s person
that record and store audio, video and metadata evidence.
IV. PROCEDURES
The Iowa City Policy Department has adopted the use of the BWC and in -car
recorders to accomplish several objectives. The primary objectives are as
follows:
1. BWCs and in-car recorders allow for accurate documentation of police-
public contacts, arrests, and critical incidents. They also serve to
enhance the accuracy of officer reports and testimony in court.
2. Audio and video recordings also enhance the Iowa City Police
Department’s ability to review probable cause for arres t, officer and
suspect interaction, and evidence for investigative and prosecutorial
purposes and to provide additional information for officer evaluation
and training.
3. The BWC and in-car recorders may also be useful in documenting
crime and accident scenes or other events that include the confiscation
and documentation of evidence or contraband.
The Commander of Administrative Services or his/her designee will supervise the
use, storage, duplication and erasing of the material recorded by members of this
department.
If an officer notices that there is a problem with the equipment, he/she shall notify
a watch supervisor. The watch supervisor will forward notification of the problem
or malfunction to the Commander of Administrative Services or his/her designee.
Only persons trained in the servicing of audio/visual equipment will service the
equipment. Any defective unit will not be used, and when practical, will be
removed from service until repaired.
If an employee who is not trained in the use of the in-car recorder is assigned to
a vehicle containing one, after their assignment they should notify a supervisor.
The supervisor shall then assign identity to that portion of the video not identified.
Officers are not required to inform the person(s) that the recording equipment is
in use, however, it may be advantageous to do so to de-escalate a situation and
possibly reduce the need to use force. People generally are on their best
behavior when they know they are being recorded.
Officers shall disclose the use of a video recorder upon inquiry.
OPS-12.3
OPERATION OF THE RECORDING APPARATUS
In-car Recording Apparatus
Officers shall log into the in-car recorder at the beginning of their shift and synch
their BWC to the vehicle.
Officers shall inspect and test the in-car recording system prior to each shift to
verify proper functioning and shall notify their supervisor of any problems. If
another squad car is available with a working in -car recording device officers
shall utilize that vehicle for their watch.
In-car audio/visual recording units will be installed such that they are activated
when:
1. turning on emergency lights
2. turning on siren
3. manual activation by pushing the ® record button
4. manual activation by activating a synched BWC
5. excessive speed with no lights or siren
All traffic stops shall be recorded in their entirety-including when the citation is
being written. Officers should, to the extent possible, use the recording
equipment to document the administration of field sobriety tests, remembering
that their top priority is safety.
In addition to traffic stops, officers shall manually activate their recording
equipment on calls for service and on self-initiated field activity if it involves an
encounter with a person. Officers, if able, shall activate the in-car recorder
system immediately upon being involved in a motor vehicle crash. It is
recommended that officers consider activating the in-car recorder system when
responding to calls-for-service where video capture of persons/vehicles leaving
the scene of incidents has investigative value. Once a recording unit has been
activated it shall only be stopped when the incident in question is concluded
unless allowed under this policy.
When a recording is going to be made inside the Department by one of the OWI
or interview room cameras the BWC and in-car system may be stopped if interior
recordings are initiated. When leaving the Department, if still in the presence of
the person, the in-car recorder shall be reactivated during transport of any
person.
When stopping a video recording it should whenever possible be done from the
in-car recorder to allow classification to synch to the BWC as well.
It is mandatory to give each video a classification at time of stopping the video.
Officers shall be as accurate as possible when classifying videos to achieve
required retention.
Officers can choose from the list below in the vehicle when classifying a video.
OPS-12.4
Video Classifications Retention Length
1-equipment check 30 365 days
2-No CFS 180 365 days
3- Parking/motorist assist 180 365 days
4- Warning 180 365 days
5- CFS / no report 180 365 days
6- Accident 365 days
7- OWI 730 days
8-CFS / Report 365 days
9- Citation 365 days
10- Use of Force 730 days
11- Arrest 730 days
12- Robbery 730 days
13- Assault 730 days
14- Domestic 730 days
15- Death Investigation indefinite
Upon completion of a recorded event which results in an arrest the Officer shall
use the CFS# classification to associate the call for service number associated to
the video files. This shall be done by all responding officers.
Use of video classification and CFS# entry applies only to events managed with
in vehicle recorders.
Body Worn Cameras (BWC)
BWC’s that are properly synched to an in-car device will automatically start when
the in-car recorder is activated.
The BWC will also start an in-car recorder when initiating a recording.
All patrol cars shall be equipped with an auxilia ry charging device for the BWC.
When responding to a call for service officers shall activate the BWC prior to
arriving on scene or at the first opportunity to safely do so . Additionally, officers
shall activate the BWC at the initiation of any other law enforcement action,
including parking enforcement even if there is no interaction with the public, or
investigative encounter between a police officer and the public to include: Stops
(including traffic stops), frisks, searches, arrests, consensual interviews and
searches, enforcement actions of all kinds and any encounter that becomes in
any way hostile or confrontational. The BWC shall be activated when a firearm is
used to destroy an animal .
Exceptions to this requirement include interviews with victims of sexual assault,
domestic abuse, or other sensitive crimes, or the recording of witnesses who are
concerned about retaliation if they are seen as coope rating with the police.
Officers’ may also use their discretion during routine and casual situations such
as officers on foot or bike patrol who wish to converse with neighborhood
OPS-12.5
residents and where turning on a video camera could make the encounter seem
officious and may make the person reluctant to speak with the officer.
Officers may also deactivate their BWC during the following types of situations:
In locations where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy,
such as a residence, they may decline to be recorded unless the recording
is being made pursuant to an arrest or search of the residence or the
individuals or other enforcement action is occurring in such a location. The
BWC shall remain activated until the event is completed to ensure the
integrity of the recording unless the contact moves into an a rea restricted by
this policy.
Once an officer has finished investigating a collision and the involved parties
have been released, the officer may deactivate the BWC prior to clearing
the call to complete any paperwork.
If an officer responds to assist with traffic control at the scene of a collision,
fire or similar incident, the officer may deactivate the BWC when there is no
interaction with persons or that interaction has ended.
While on a tow call or issui ng a parking citation when there is no interaction
with persons or that interaction has ended and after capturing any violation
or damage with the BWC. NOTE: The recording must be longer than 60
seconds for it to be accepted into the video system.
Animal control calls (unless a firearm is used) where there is no interaction
with persons or that interaction has ended.
Other calls where there is no further interaction with persons or that
interaction has ended, for example, an OWI investigation where the person
has been taken to jail or otherwise released and the officer still has
additional paperwork.
When a recording is going to be made inside the Department by one of the
OWI or interview room cameras, officers shall only deactivate their BWC
after the appropriate room video system has been acti vated to avoid any
lapses in recording. When leaving the Department, if still in the presence of
the person, the BWC shall be reactivated prior to deactivating the OWI and
interview room cameras to avoid any lapses in recording.
If at any point during these types of calls any of the previously listed
situations occur where a BWC is required, the BWC shall be
reactivated.
The above list is to serve as a guide and is not intended to be all inclusive. If in
doubt, record it.
If an officer fails to activate the BWC, fails to record the entire contact, or
interrupts the recording, the officer shall document why a recording was no t
OPS-12.6
made, was interrupted, or was terminated. This is to include muting the audio. A
brief statement in the recorder prior to the inter ruption shall be sufficient
documentation.
If an officer’s BWC needs to be replaced during their watch for any reason, the
patrol supervisor will use the WatchGuard Kiosk application to check out another
camera for them to use.
Procedures for BWC Use
Officers shall inspect and test the BWC prior to each shift to verify proper
functioning and shall notify their supervisor of any problems.
Officers who are assigned BWC equipment shall use the equipment unless
otherwise authorized by supervisory personnel .
Police personnel shall use only BWCs issued by this department. The BWC
equipment and all data, images, video, and metadata captured, recorded, or
otherwise produced by the equipment is the sole property of the agency.
Police personnel who are assigned BWCs must complete an agency approved
and/or provided training program to ensure proper use and operations. Additional
training may be required at periodic intervals to ensure the continued effective
use and operation of the equipment, proper calibration and performance, and to
incorporate changes, updates, or other revisions in policy and equipment.
BWC equipment is the responsibility of individual officers and will be used with
reasonable care to ensure proper functioning. Equipment failure or malfunctions
shall be brought to the attention of the officer’s employee’s supervisor as soon as
possible so that a replacement unit may be procured. A radio log shall be made
indicating that the camera is not functioning when it is first known. Employees
must report back to the station for a replacement unless unable to because of an
emergent call for service. If an employee is unable to come back to the station
for a replacement due to an emergent situation then every attempt should be
made to have a backup officer on scene with a working camera.
The BWC shall be worn on the officer’s chest with clear view to the front (not
blocked by clothing or other equipment) and properly oriented.
Procedures for Both In-car Recorder and BWC Use
Officers shall not edit, alter, erase, duplicate, copy, share, or otherwise distribute
recordings in any manner without prior written authorization and approval of the
Chief of Police or his or her designee.
Officers are encouraged to inform their supervisor of any recordings that may be
of value for training purposes.
Requests for deletion of portions of the recordings (e.g., in the event of a
personal recording) must be submitted in writing and approved by the Chief of
OPS-12.7
Police or his or her designee. All requests and final decisions shall be kept on
file.
Officers shall note in their incident, arrest, and related reports when recordings
were made during the incident in question. However, BWC recordings are not a
replacement for written reports.
Restrictions on Using the In-car Recorder or BWC
In-car recorders and BWCs shall be used only in conjunction with official law
enforcement duties and shall not be used to record the following:
• Encounters with undercover officers or confidential informant s.
• When on break or otherwise engaged in personal activities.
• Communications with other police personnel without the permission of the
Chief of Police.
• Unless in the scope of officers’ official duties and with an articulable
reason, officers will not use the in-car recorder or BWCs in any location
where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as a
restroom or locker room.
Record After-The-Fact
The new recording system has the capability of running in a continuous record,
However, this feature has been disabled on the body worn devices, the only time
any recording will be captured on a body worn device is when the recording is
activated by the front button, or when initiated by a synched in car recording
device. This is to maintain a level of privacy for those wearing body worn devices
and to prevent excessive drain on battery life. If at some point this feature is to
be used it will be by directive of the Chief of Police and appropriate notification
will be sent to all users prior to the change.
Record after the fact will be functional and running on all patrol vehicle recorders,
this will be used in case of major incident or investigation that has cause to
believe the patrol vehicle may have been in an area and captured footage o f an
event or pre/post event footage when a car recorder was not in the record state.
Officers should be aware that all patrol vehicle records have this feature and are
always in record state, however only videos that are event initiated are ever
exported to the system for playback.
Any video captured after the fact, as well as the 1 min pre-record on all videos,
have no audio associated with them as it is only video playback.
OPS-12.8
If a recording of value is found on a recorder it can be changed to an event a nd
exported to the system for saving and further viewing.
Storage and Release
All files shall be securely downloaded periodically and no later than the end of
each shift. Each file shall contain information related to the date, in-car recorder
or BWC identifier, and assigned officer.
All images and sounds recorded by the in-car recorder or BWC equipment are
the exclusive property of the Iowa City Police Department. Accessing, copying, or
releasing files for non-law enforcement purposes is strictly prohibited.
All access to in-car recorder or BWC files must be specifically authorized by the
Chief of Police or their designee, and all access is to be logged and available for
audit to ensure that only authorized users are accessing the data for legitimate
and authorized purposes.
VIDEO RETENTION
Proper classification of videos will determine how long a video is retained.
If an improper classification is made for a series of recor dings they can be
reclassified through the software interface. Refer to section on video
classification for standard retention lengths.
If a video is part of a major case that will require longer or permanent retention a
disk copy of all video should be requested and submitted to evidence by
responsible officer or detective.
VIDEO ACCESS PERMISSIONS
- Supervisors will have access to view all videos.
- Investigation users have view only access to all videos.
- All officers will have access to view their own video and recordings from
the intox area.
SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors shall review in-car and BWC recordings for all involved employees
for use of force incidents and complaints. Documentation of these reviews will be
logged on the prescribed form (Appendix A). Supervisors that discover an
incident where an in-car or BWC recording device was not activated or
improperly shut off shall complete a report of inquiry form (ROI) and forward to
the captain of field operations. The supervisor sh all include if there was sufficient
time for the activation of a device.
If an in-car or BWC recording was not activated where there was sufficient time
to do so or improperly shut off a report of inquiry shall be completed and
forwarded to command staff for review.
OPS-12.9
At least on a semi-annual monthly basis (Jan-Jun/Jul-Dec), supervisors will
randomly* review at least two one in-car or and one BWC recording of each
employee under their supervision to ensure that the equipment is operating
properly and that officers are using the devices appropriately and in accordance
with policy and to identify any areas in which additional training or guidance is
required. On January 1st and August 1st of each year, Where possible video
review should be of the same incident to ensure the system is synching as it is
designed. By the 15th of each month each Watch Commander, Lieutenant of
Investigations and Animal Control Supervisor, shall forward to the Commander of
Field Operations the information on the prescribed form (Appendix A) from the
previous month. *For this policy Randomly means videos randomly selected that
are not already being reviewed for another purpose.
COMMAND STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES
The captain of field operations shall maintain a record of incidents where
employees did not activate an in-car or BWC recording device or improperly shut
off a recording device in violation of this policy and monitor for repeats from the
same employee.
By March 1st of each year the captain of field operations will submit an annual
report to the city manager’s office and Community Police Review Board from the
previous year on compliance with this general order. This report should contain
summary of the results of the monthly supervisory checks, Use of Force checks
and all checks generated from internal affairs investigations.
Media Card Control
Normally, video for the in-car recorders is downloaded wirelessly through a
secured wireless connection. In the case of failure of that system, the video files
will need to be downloaded manually. In-car recorder videos are captured on
USB drives on a recorder located in each vehicle.
The USB drives shall only be removed by a supervisor who will remove the USB
drive and upload the files. The same USB drive must go back into the car it was
removed from after uploading. USB drives are not interchangeable.
BWCs have no user removable media cards and are downloaded by use of a
docking station.
If the video contains documentation of a use of force, the fact that there is a
video should be included in the Use of Force Report form. In instances where
there is a complaint against a member of the department, the supervisor
receiving the complaint shall ascertain if the event in question was recorded.
Video files are stored on the server located inside the secure server area at the
City of Iowa City Facility, all files are backed up on a routine basis and backup
tapes will be stored within City of Iowa City secured facilities.
OPS-12.10
VIDEO DISTRIBUTION PROCESS
When video is requested a complete case of all video will be assembled and a
link to the video case will be created for cloud share purposes. Request for video
from outside entities will be done through cloud share capabilities through the
WatchGuard system. Videos from prior video system shall be done via physical
disk. When requested by the JCAO, or City of Iowa City Legal division, they will
be responsible for dissemination of the cloud sh are link to other involved parties.
It is the responsibility of the receiving party to create physical disks as needed
from the cloud share. Cloud share default expiration shall be 60 days unless
otherwise requested.
The Chief of Police has the discretion to authorize the deletion of any in car video
recordings or body camera recordings that have been unintentionally captured,
invasive or private, and not pertinent to any case or inquiry.
DISCIPLINE
Any employee who violates this policy will be subject to discipline as GO 99-06
Titled Internal Affairs, Iowa Code Chapter 400 titled Civil Service, and the
Contract between the City of Iowa City and the Police Labor Relations
Organization of Iowa City allow.
Any employee found to intentionally turn off or disable an in-car recording device
or body camera when their use is required will be subject to suspension or
termination as GO 99-06 Titled Internal Affairs, Iowa Code Chapter 400 titled
Civil Service, and the Contract between the City of Iowa C ity and the Police
Labor Relations Organization of Iowa City allow.
Denise Brotherton, Interim Chief of Police
WARNING
This directive is for departmental use only and does not apply in any criminal or civil
proceeding. The department policy should not be construed as a creation of higher
legal standard of safety or care in an evidentiary sense with respect to third -party
claims. Violations of this directive will only form the basis for departmental
administrative sancti ons.
OPS-12.1
Original Date of Issue General Order Number
July 30, 1999 99-08
Effective Date of Reissue Section Code
August 25, 2020 OPS-12
Reevaluation Date
August 2023
Amends
OPS-12 Previous Version (2013)
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
41.3.8 (see “INDEX AS:”)
INDEX AS:
Use of Force Traffic Stops
Internal Investigations Recording Devices
Evidence In-car Recorders
Evaluations Body Worn Cameras (BWC)
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this policy is to identify when recording devices should be used
and procedures to be followed when using the recording equipment.
Note: this policy specifically does not govern nor apply to covert operations and
any related recordings.
II. POLICY
It is the policy of the Iowa City Police Department that all members serving a patrol or
investigative function, to include road CSOs and Animal Control Officers, be required to
use recording devices to collect evidence and document interactions bet ween officers
and the public. Only approved equipment will be used by department members and
usage shall comply with the manufacturer’s instructions. All videos are the property of
the Iowa City Police Department. Any distribution of a video or portion o f a video shall
only be done with the authorization of the Chief of Police or his/her designee. The
unauthorized playing or copying of any video is prohibited.
BODY WORN
CAMERAS and
IN-CAR
RECORDERS
OPS-12.2
III. DEFINITIONS
Audio/video recording equipment consists of :
1. In-car recorders to include a camera, recorder, flashcard and LCD
Display. These units are within the vehicle.
2. Body worn cameras (BWC) of a type selected and issued by the
Department, are cameras worn on an individual officer’s person
that record and store audio, video and metadata evidence.
IV. PROCEDURES
The Iowa City Policy Department has adopted the use of the BWC and in -car
recorders to accomplish several objectives. The primary objectives are as
follows:
1. BWCs and in-car recorders allow for accurate documentation of police-
public contacts, arrests, and critical incidents. They also serve to
enhance the accuracy of officer reports and testimony in court.
2. Audio and video recordings also enhance the Iowa City Police
Department’s ability to review probable cause for arres t, officer and
suspect interaction, and evidence for investigative and prosecutorial
purposes and to provide additional information for officer evaluation
and training.
3. The BWC and in-car recorders may also be useful in documenting
crime and accident scenes or other events that include the confiscation
and documentation of evidence or contraband.
The Commander of Administrative Services or his/her designee will supervise the
use, storage, duplication and erasing of the material recorded by members of this
department.
If an officer notices that there is a problem with the equipment, he/she shall notify
a watch supervisor. The watch supervisor will forward notification of the problem
or malfunction to the Commander of Administrative Services or his/her designee.
Only persons trained in the servicing of audio/visual equipment will service the
equipment. Any defective unit will not be used, and when practical, will be
removed from service until repaired.
If an employee who is not trained in the use of the in-car recorder is assigned to
a vehicle containing one, they should notify a supervisor. The supervisor shall
then assign identity to that portion of the video not identified.
Officers are not required to inform the person(s) that the recording equipment is
in use, however, it may be advantageous to do so to de-escalate a situation and
possibly reduce the need to use force. People generally are on their best
behavior when they know they are being recorded.
Officers shall disclose the use of a video recorder upon inquiry.
OPS-12.3
OPERATION OF THE RECORDING APPARATUS
In-car Recording Apparatus
Officers shall log into the in-car recorder at the beginning of their shift and synch
their BWC to the vehicle.
Officers shall inspect and test the in-car recording system prior to each shift to
verify proper functioning and shall notify their supervisor of any problems. If
another squad car is available with a working in -car recording device officers
shall utilize that vehicle for their watch.
In-car audio/visual recording units will be installed such that they are activated
when:
1. turning on emergency lights
2. turning on siren
3. manual activation by pushing the ® record button
4. manual activation by activating a synched BWC
5. excessive speed with no lights or siren
All traffic stops shall be recorded in their entirety-including when the citation is
being written. Officers should, to the extent possible, use the recording
equipment to document the administration of field sobriety tests, remembering
that their top priority is safety.
In addition to traffic stops, officers shall manually activate their recording
equipment on calls for service and on self-initiated field activity if it involves an
encounter with a person. Officers, if able, shall activate the in-car recorder
system immediately upon being involved in a motor vehicle crash. It is
recommended that officers consider activating the in-car recorder system when
responding to calls-for-service where video capture of persons/vehicles leaving
the scene of incidents has investigative value. Once a recording unit has been
activated it shall only be stopped when the incident in question is concluded
unless allowed under this policy.
When a recording is going to be made inside the Department by one of the OWI
or interview room cameras the BWC and in-car system may be stopped if interior
recordings are initiated. When leaving the Department, if still in the presence of
the person, the in-car recorder shall be reactivated during transport of any
person.
When stopping a video recording it should whenever possible be done from the
in-car recorder to allow classification to synch to the BWC as well.
It is mandatory to give each video a classification at time of stopping the video.
Officers shall be as accurate as possible when classifying videos to achieve
required retention.
Officers can choose from the list below in the vehicle when classifying a video.
OPS-12.4
Video Classifications Retention Length
1-equipment check 365 days
2-No CFS 365 days
3- Parking/motorist assist 365 days
4- Warning 365 days
5- CFS / no report 365 days
6- Accident 365 days
7- OWI 730 days
8-CFS / Report 365 days
9- Citation 365 days
10- Use of Force 730 days
11- Arrest 730 days
12- Robbery 730 days
13- Assault 730 days
14- Domestic 730 days
15- Death Investigation indefinite
Upon completion of a recorded event which results in an arrest the Officer shall
use the CFS# classification to associate the call for service number associated to
the video files. This shall be done by all responding officers.
Use of video classification and CFS# entry applies only to events managed with
in vehicle recorders.
Body Worn Cameras (BWC)
BWC’s that are properly synched to an in-car device will automatically start when
the in-car recorder is activated.
The BWC will also start an in-car recorder when initiating a recording.
All patrol cars shall be equipped with an auxilia ry charging device for the BWC.
When responding to a call for service officers shall activate the BWC prior to
arriving on scene or at the first opportunity to safely do so . Additionally, officers
shall activate the BWC at the initiation of any other law enforcement action,
including parking enforcement even if there is no interaction with the public, or
investigative encounter between a police officer and the public to include: Stops
(including traffic stops), frisks, searches, arrests, consensual interviews and
searches, enforcement actions of all kinds and any encounter that becomes in
any way hostile or confrontational. The BWC shall be activated when a firearm is
used to destroy an animal .
Exceptions to this requirement include interviews with victims of sexual assault,
domestic abuse, or other sensitive crimes, or the recording of witnesses who are
concerned about retaliation if they are seen as coope rating with the police.
Officers’ may also use their discretion during routine and casual situations such
as officers on foot or bike patrol who wish to converse with neighborhood
OPS-12.5
residents and where turning on a video camera could make the encounter seem
officious and may make the person reluctant to speak with the officer.
Officers may also deactivate their BWC during the following types of situations:
In locations where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy,
such as a residence, they may decline to be recorded unless the recording
is being made pursuant to an arrest or search of the residence or the
individuals or other enforcement action is occurring in such a location. The
BWC shall remain activated until the event is completed to ensure the
integrity of the recording unless the contact moves into an a rea restricted by
this policy.
Once an officer has finished investigating a collision and the involved parties
have been released, the officer may deactivate the BWC prior to clearing
the call to complete any paperwork.
If an officer responds to assist with traffic control at the scene of a collision,
fire or similar incident, the officer may deactivate the BWC when there is no
interaction with persons or that interaction has ended.
Other calls where there is no further interaction with persons or that
interaction has ended, for example, an OWI investigation where the person
has been taken to jail or otherwise released and the officer still has
additional paperwork.
When a recording is going to be made inside the Department by one of the
OWI or interview room cameras, officers shall only deactivate their BWC
after the appropriate room video system has been acti vated to avoid any
lapses in recording. When leaving the Department, if still in the presence of
the person, the BWC shall be reactivated prior to deactivating the OWI and
interview room cameras to avoid any lapses in recording.
If at any point during these types of calls any of the previously listed
situations occur where a BWC is required, the BWC shall be
reactivated.
The above list is to serve as a guide and is not intended to be all inclusive. If in
doubt, record it.
If an officer fails to activate the BWC, fails to record the entire contact, or
interrupts the recording, the officer shall document why a recording was no t
made, was interrupted, or was terminated. This is to include muting the audio. A
brief statement in the recorder prior to the inter ruption shall be sufficient
documentation.
If an officer’s BWC needs to be replaced during their watch for any reason, the
patrol supervisor will use the WatchGuard Kiosk application to check out another
camera for them to use.
OPS-12.6
Procedures for BWC Use
Officers shall inspect and test the BWC prior to each shift to verify proper
functioning and shall notify their supervisor of any problems.
Officers who are assigned BWC equipment shall use the equipment unless
otherwise authorized by supervisory personnel .
Police personnel shall use only BWCs issued by this department. The BWC
equipment and all data, images, video, and metadata captured, recorded, or
otherwise produced by the equipment is the sole property of the agency.
Police personnel who are assigned BWCs must complete an agency approved
and/or provided training program to ensure proper use and operations. Additional
training may be required at periodic intervals to ensure the continued effective
use and operation of the equipment, proper calibration and performance, and to
incorporate changes, updates, or other revisions in policy and equipment.
BWC equipment is the responsibility of individual officers and will be used with
reasonable care to ensure proper functioning. Equipment failure or malfunctions
shall be brought to the attention of the employee’s supervisor as soon as
possible so that a replacement unit may be procured. A radio log shall be made
indicating that the camera is not functioning when it is first known. Employees
must report back to the station for a replacement unless unable to because of an
emergent call for service. If an employee is unable to come back to the station
for a replacement due to an emergent situation then every attempt should be
made to have a backup officer on scene with a working camera.
The BWC shall be worn on the officer’s chest with clear view to the front (not
blocked by clothing or other equipment) and properly oriented.
Procedures for Both In-car Recorder and BWC Use
Officers shall not edit, alter, erase, duplicate, copy, share, or otherwise distribute
recordings in any manner without prior written authorization and approval of the
Chief of Police or his or her designee.
Officers are encouraged to inform their supervisor of any recordings that may be
of value for training purposes.
Requests for deletion of portions of the recordings (e.g., in the event of a
personal recording) must be submitted in writing and approved by the Chief of
Police or his or her designee. All requests and final decisions shall be kept on
file.
Officers shall note in their incident, arrest, and related reports when recordings
were made during the incident in question. However, BWC recordings are not a
replacement for written reports.
OPS-12.7
Restrictions on Using the In-car Recorder or BWC
In-car recorders and BWCs shall be used only in conjunction with official law
enforcement duties and shall not be used to record the following:
• Encounters with undercover officers or confidential informant s.
• When on break or otherwise engaged in personal activities.
• Communications with other police personnel without the permission of the
Chief of Police.
• Unless in the scope of officers’ official duties and with an articulable
reason, officers will not use the in-car recorder or BWCs in any location
where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as a
restroom or locker room.
Record After-The-Fact
The new recording system has the capability of running in a continuous record,
However, this feature has been disabled on the body worn devices, the only time
any recording will be captured on a body worn device is when the recording is
activated by the front button, or when initiated by a synched in car recording
device. This is to maintain a level of privacy for those wearing body worn devices
and to prevent excessive drain on battery life. If at some point this feature is to
be used it will be by directive of the Chief of Police and appropriate notification
will be sent to all users prior to the change.
Record after the fact will be functional and running on all patrol vehicle recorders,
this will be used in case of major incident or investigation that has cause to
believe the patrol vehicle may have been in an area and captured footage o f an
event or pre/post event footage when a car recorder was not in the record state.
Officers should be aware that all patrol vehicle records have this feature and are
always in record state, however only videos that are event initiated are ever
exported to the system for playback.
Any video captured after the fact, as well as the 1 min pre-record on all videos,
have no audio associated with them as it is only video playback.
If a recording of value is found on a recorder it can be changed to an event a nd
exported to the system for saving and further viewing.
Storage and Release
All files shall be securely downloaded periodically and no later than the end of
each shift. Each file shall contain information related to the date, in-car recorder
or BWC identifier, and assigned officer.
OPS-12.8
All images and sounds recorded by the in-car recorder or BWC equipment are
the exclusive property of the Iowa City Police Department. Accessing, copying, or
releasing files for non-law enforcement purposes is strictly prohibited.
All access to in-car recorder or BWC files must be specifically authorized by the
Chief of Police or their designee, and all access is to be logged and available for
audit to ensure that only authorized users are accessing the data for legitimate
and authorized purposes.
VIDEO RETENTION
Proper classification of videos will determine how long a video is retained.
If an improper classification is made for a series of recor dings they can be
reclassified through the software interface. Refer to section on video
classification for standard retention lengths.
If a video is part of a major case that will require longer or permanent retention a
disk copy of all video should be requested and submitted to evidence by
responsible officer or detective.
VIDEO ACCESS PERMISSIONS
- Supervisors will have access to view all videos.
- Investigation users have view only access to all videos.
- All officers will have access to view their own video and recordings from
the intox area.
SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors shall review in-car and BWC recordings for all involved employees
for use of force incidents and complaints. Documentation of these reviews will be
logged on the prescribed form (Appendix A). Supervisors that discover an
incident where an in-car or BWC recording device was not activated or
improperly shut off shall complete a report of inquiry form (ROI) and forward to
the captain of field operations. The supervisor sh all include if there was sufficient
time for the activation of a device.
If an in-car or BWC recording was not activated where there was sufficient time
to do so or improperly shut off a report of inquiry shall be completed and
forwarded to command staff for review.
On a monthly basis, supervisors will review at least one in-car and one BWC
recording of each employee under their supervision to ensure that the equipment
is operating properly and that officers are using the devices appropriately and in
accordance with policy and to identify any areas in which additional training or
guidance is required. Where possible video review should be of the same
incident to ensure the system is synching as it is designed. By the 15th of each
month each Watch Commander, Lieutenant of Investigations and Animal Control
OPS-12.9
Supervisor, shall forward to the Commander of Field Operations the information
on the prescribed form (Appendix A) from the previous month.
COMMAND STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES
The captain of field operations shall maintain a record of incidents where
employees did not activate an in-car or BWC recording device or improperly shut
off a recording device in violation of this policy and monitor for repeats from the
same employee.
By March 1st of each year the captain of field operations will submit an annual
report to the city manager’s office and Community Police Review Board from the
previous year on compliance with this general order. This report should contain
summary of the results of the monthly supervisory checks, Use of Force checks
and all checks generated from internal affairs investigations.
Media Card Control
Normally, video for the in-car recorders is downloaded wirelessly through a
secured wireless connection. In the case of failure of that system, the video files
will need to be downloaded manually. In-car recorder videos are captured on
USB drives on a recorder located in each vehicle.
The USB drives shall only be removed by a supervisor who will remove the USB
drive and upload the files. The same USB drive must go back into the car it was
removed from after uploading. USB drives are not interchangeable.
BWCs have no user removable media cards and are downloaded by use of a
docking station.
If the video contains documentation of a use of force, the fact that there is a
video should be included in the Use of Force Report form. In instances where
there is a complaint against a member of the department, the supervisor
receiving the complaint shall ascertain if the event in question was recorded.
Video files are stored on the server located inside the secure server area at the
City of Iowa City Facility, all files are backed up on a routine basis and backup
tapes will be stored within City of Iowa City secured facilities.
VIDEO DISTRIBUTION PROCESS
When video is requested a complete case of all video will be assembled and a
link to the video case will be created for cloud share purposes. Request for video
from outside entities will be done through cloud share capabilities through the
WatchGuard system. Videos from prior video system shall be done via physical
disk. When requested by the JCAO, or City of Iowa City Legal division, they will
be responsible for dissemination of the cloud sh are link to other involved parties.
It is the responsibility of the receiving party to create physical disks as needed
OPS-12.10
from the cloud share. Cloud share default expiration shall be 60 days unless
otherwise requested.
The Chief of Police has the discretion to authorize the deletion of any in car video
recordings or body camera recordings that have been unintentionally captured,
invasive or private, and not pertinent to any case or inquiry.
DISCIPLINE
Any employee who violates this policy will be subject to discipline as GO 99-06
Titled Internal Affairs, Iowa Code Chapter 400 titled Civil Service, and the
Contract between the City of Iowa City and the Police Labor Relations
Organization of Iowa City allow.
Any employee found to intentionally turn off or disable an in-car recording device
or body camera when their use is required will be subject to suspension or
termination as GO 99-06 Titled Internal Affairs, Iowa Code Chapter 400 titled
Civil Service, and the Contract between the City of Iowa C ity and the Police
Labor Relations Organization of Iowa City allow.
Denise Brotherton, Interim Chief of Police
WARNING
This directive is for departmental use only and does not apply in any criminal or civil
proceeding. The department policy should not be construed as a creation of higher
legal standard of safety or care in an evidentiary sense with respect to third -party
claims. Violations of this directive will only form the basis for departmental
administrative sancti ons.