HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-02-24 Ad Hoc Truth & Reconciliation Commission - RevisedAd Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Thursday, May 2, 2024
Regular Meeting
7 PM — Emma Harvat Hall, City Hall
410 E. Washington Street
AGENDA:
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. READING OF NATIVE AMERICAN LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. PUBLIC COMMENT OF ITEMS NOT ON THE AGENDA (COMMISSIONERS
SHALL NOT ENGAGE IN DISCUSSION WITH THE PUBLIC CONCERNING
SAID ITEMS.) 5 MINUTE MAXIMUM FOR EACH SPEAKER.
0n1v in person comments will be alloived fbr Public Comment. Public comment for
specific agenda items, which must be directly related to that agenda item, may be made
in -person or remotely.
4. APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES FROM APRIL 4, 2024
5. FOLLOW UP & DEBRIEF FROM THE TRC PRESENTATION TO CITY COUNCIL
6. FACILITATOR'S FINAL REPORT UPDATE
7. TRC BUDGET UPDATE & REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL FUNDS
8. NEXT STEPS FOR PHASE THREE AND FOUR
9. ANNOUNCEMENTSOF
10. ANNOUNCEMENTS OF STAFF
11. ADJOURNMENT
In order to encourage input from the public, the Commission intends to offer the opportunity
to participate in the meeting remotely. However, this meetingis in -person, and those wishing
to ensure their ability to participate should attend the meeting in -person. If you instead wish
to participate remotely, youmay attempt to do so by joining the below link.
First Thursday Meetings
ID: 867 2424 8095
Third Thursday Meetings
ID: 895 3695 0485
If you have no computer or smartphone, or a computer without a microphone, you can call
in by phone by dialing (312) 626-6799 and entering the meeting ID when prompted.
Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to attend all City of Iowa City -sponsored
events. If you are a person with a disability who requires a reasonable accommodation in
order to participate in these events, please contact the Office of Equity and Human Rights
at 319-356-5022 or humanriahtsna Iowa-citv.ora.
Native American land Acknowledgement
Prepared for the City of Iowa City's Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Human
Rights Commission
PURPOSE
Iowa City owes its existence to the many Indigenous Peoples who were the original stewards of this land
and who were subjected to manipulation and violence by non-native settlers, invaders, and governments
in order to make this moment possible. Acknowledgement of this truth is central to our work toward
reconciliation across all barriers of difference and injustice. Starting with a Native American Land
Acknowledgement, this Commission will bear witness to the legacies of violent displacement, migration,
and settlement that have marginalized those who were the first inhabitants of this land. We must also
address the mistreatment and exclusion that Native Americans continue to face today. The Ad Hoc Truth
and Reconciliation Commission and the Human Rights Commission encourage the community and City of
Iowa City to join us in these efforts through the use of a Native American Land Acknowledgement.
LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To be read at all public meetings and events:
"We meet today in the community of Iowa City, which now occupies the homelands of
Native American Nations to whom we owe our commitment and dedication. The area of
Iowa City was within the homelands of the Iowa, Meskwaki, and Sauk, and because
history is complex and time goes far back beyond memory, we also acknowledge the
ancient connections of many other Indigenous Peoples here. The history of broken
treaties and forced removal that dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of their homelands
was and is an act of colonization and genocide that we can not erase. We implore the
Iowa City community to commit to understanding and addressing these injustices as we
work toward equity, restoration, and reparations."
LEARN MORE
Native Governance Center Guide to Indigenous Land Acknowledgement
US Department of Arts and Culture: Honor Native Land Virtual Resources and Guide
Meskwaki Nation - History
Special thanks to the University of Iowa Native American Council for their work and guidance, as well as
members of the public, for their input.
Agenda Item #4
April 4, 2024
Draft Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Minutes
The Assembly Room, Iowa City Senior Center
Commissioners present: Amos Kiche, Cliff Johnson, Chastity Dillard, Lauren Merritt, Wangui
Gathua.
Commissioners on Zoom: Chad Simmons.
Commissioners not present: Louis Tassinary.
Staff present: Redmond Jones, Stefanie Bowers.
Recommendation to City Council: No.
Meeting called to order: Approximately: 7:15 PM.
Reading of Land Acknowledgement: Merritt read the Land Acknowledgements.
Debrief from Fact -Finding and Truth -Telling Events: Commissioner Johnsons shared his
thoughts on the truth -telling events, stating he thought the event(s) went well and there was growth
with the work that was done. Johnson also mentioned the idea of expanding these events into the
community to get others involved. Commissioner Kiche shared that he learned a lot from those
who participated in the events. Kiche was able to learn more about what goes on in the community
including how small business owners are affected and how systems (school system, legal system)
have failed individuals. Kiche suggested vetting people who will be speaking at truth -telling events
with more detail and communication to avoid surprises during the events. Kiche also suggested
sticking to guidelines on how the events should operate.
Commissioner Merritt agreed on the idea of a vetting process for the purpose of safety and
productivity in future events. Merritt also shared that there is potential to do more with these events
in the future. Commissioner Simmons spoke about the positive aspects of the events, including the
process of events (fact finding, truth telling, and healing circles). Simmons shared that the event
was not consistent with the model discussed regarding how the events would operate. Simmons
also shared that there is a need for better understanding of the systems (police, education, housing)
that the commission is working to fix to come up with solutions they can present to the city to
bring about improvements for the community. Merritt suggested implementing time to process
each tenth -telling and putting aside additional time to brainstorm options for solutions. Johnson
recommended more advertisement to get more people involved. Commissioner Gathua suggested
implementing a stricter time limit where people stop speaking once the time is up (like what is
done in city meetings). Gathua also suggested being better prepared and tentative to any rising
tension during the events.
Commissioner Dillard shared the need for community involvement and for the commission to go to
community members and share what they have learned to help the con unity. Dillard shared
strengths from the meeting including the process, mobile -crisis partners, and healing circles.
Dillard also suggested providing more healing circles for the community and a vetting process for
future truth -tellers. Dillard mentioned the need for the commission to present as a united front
centered around the message of racial injustice. Facilitator Dr. Lary Schooler acknowledged the
work the commission has done and shared he agrees with the need for separate time to absorb the
stories told at each event.
Phase 2: Budget Update, Request for Additional Funds from the City Council, Nest Steps &
Follow-up: Johnson suggested reaching out to community members through churches to get more
involvement at truth -telling events. Dillard revisited the commissioners north star framing question
that represents the commission's guiding vision. Dillard suggested taking what the commission has
learned, along with the model of the north star framing question and using it to reconnect with the
community and gather data/ information to use for the recommendation they will present to the
council. Simmons asked what the overall message is that the commission is intending to deliver to
the council on April 16th. Dillard answered that the commission will share that there is still work to
be done. Simmons followed up by asking if the commission does not receive funding will it stop
the work they are currently doing. Dillard answered that if the city wants the commission to do the
work that they have asked them to do then the commission will need the money to move forward.
Johnson agreed that The City needs to be held accountable for what they set out to achieve with
this commission. Johnson also mentioned the possibility of sponsorships for funding.
Commissioners discussed the importance of city involvement and what the future of the
commission would look like without it.
Dillard then brought up the need for increased community support. A solution presented was
providing more healing circles to the community which would then lead to people who may be
interested in the commission work. Merritt suggested an advertising budget. Dillard emphasized
the importance of word of mouth to get community members involved. Johnson suggested a digital
billboard advertising. Dillard brought up the upcoming April 16'h meeting with council and
proposed moving the meeting back to give more time to provide an itemized list of what the
proposed increase budget would be used for. Facilitator Annie Tucker brought up the importance
of the April 16Ih meeting regarding the facilitation team that reports to council. Schooler asked for
clarification on what the city believes to be the commissions obligations under the contract relative
to the presentation planned for April 16`h. Redmond Jones clarified that the contract speaks to a
joint effort to put together a closing of the activities and recommendations that the facilitators have
brought to the commission. Dillard stated the need for the commission to present on progress on
April 16rh and to then schedule an additional meeting where budget and funding is discussed in
detail. Schooler clarified that the facilitators' role is to both report on the TRC's progress and to
provide a set of recommendations to allow the TRC to continue once their contract with the
facilitators ends. Simmons shared that he does not think it is a good idea for the commission to go
to the April 16`h meeting without a full presentation including budget. Simmons shared the political
nature of the meeting suggests what the commission is bringing to the meeting will benefit the city
rather than simply updating them on progress. Simmons suggested to go to the city and ask to
move back the date. Simmons agreed to support whatever final decision is made by the
commission.
2
The commission had to consider contractual obligations regarding the date of the meeting with
council and infornation presented by Jones resulting in a final decision to present a progress report
and highlights of their plans moving forward with a promise of additional budget information in
May. Commissioners discussed who would oversee giving the presentation to the council at the
April 16th meeting. It was decided Simmons and Merritt will present to the City Council.
Announcements of Commissioners: None.
Announcements of Staff: Jones stated there will be a budget report available at a future date.
The meeting adjourned at 9:52 PM.
The full meeting video can be viewed at this link.
AD HOC TRUTH & RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
ATTENDANCE RECORD
YEAR 2024
(Mectine Date)
NAME
TERM
EXP.
1/4
1/25
2/1
2/15
3/7
1114
1111
3/20
3/21
4/4
4/18
5/2
5/16
6/6
6/20
Dillard
12/31/24
Z
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Gathua
12/31/24
P
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
Kiche
12/31/24
-
-
-
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Johnson
12/31/24
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Vacant
12/31/24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Merritt
12/31/24
P
Z
P
P
Z
P
P
P
P
P
Nobiss
12/31/24
Z
Z
Z
A
A
A
A
P
P
R
Simmons
12/31/24
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
Z
Tassinary
12/31/24
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
P = Present in person
A = Absent
Z = Zoom
Agenda Item #7
Truth &Reconciliation
Commission
Chastity Dillard - Chair
Wangui Gathua
Clifton Johnson
Amos Kiche
Lauren Merritt - Vice Chair
Chad Simmons
Louis Tassinary
Revised April 14, 2024
Phase One: System Design Learning
August 2023 - October 2023
Traininc sessions
Opening Session (Aug)
Strategic Doing (Sep)
Fact Finding (Sep)
TRC Worldwide Models (Oc-
Healing Circles (Feb 2024)
Phase Two: System Design Practice
January 2024 - April 2024
Developing Our Story in Public
r"I
Organization
/Community
Support
(Mar)
" Will be incorporated during Phase Four
Phase Three: Subject Matter Experts
May 2024 - August 2024
Part 1: Areas of Interest Part II: Community Projects
U
Social
Justice
Mkl
Economic
Development
• Public Presentation
• Educator's Work Group
Education 9 Housing Work Group
• Social Justice Work Group
• Small Business Work Group
Ip Phase Four: Execute Truth Telling Model
September 2024 - December 2024
Developing Our Story
r �
Organizati
/Communit
Sponsor
Final Report
Film Documentary
Final TRC Public Meeting
Public Forum
Truth &Reconciliation Commission
Questions &Answers
Chastity Dillard - Chair
Wangui Gathua
Clifton Johnson
Amos Kiche
Lauren Merritt - Vice Chair
Chad Simmons
Louis Tassinary
Revised April 14, 2024
Late
Handout
IOWA CITY TRUTH & RECONCILIATION
COMMISSION FINAL REPORT
Written by:
Native Partners: Donnielle Wanatee, Terry Medina, and Manape LaMere
Healing Partners: V Fixmer-Oraiz and Annie Tucker
Kearns & West: Larry Schooler and Laurel Cohen
Think Peace Learning & Support Hub: Eduardo Gonzalez, Melinda Salazar, David
Ragland, Leo Hylton, and Jena Kitchen
Prepared: April 2024
Acknowledgements
It is with deep gratitude that we thank the Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission
members, past and present, who fundamentally shaped the course of history in Iowa City and
how racial harm is addressed. This is no small task, and it takes each and everyone of us
committing everyday to call out institutionalized racism and the forces that uphold it.
It is our hope that this commission continues the courageous work it was tasked with
undertaking, and that our time together was beneficial. We would like to especially thank:
Commissioners:
Chastity Dillard (Current Chair)
Wangui Gathua
Amos O Riche
Marie Krebs
Clifton Johnson
Lauren Merritt (Current Vice -Chair)
Sikowis Nobiss
Chad Simmons
Louis Tassinary
Iowa City City Council Members:
Mayor Bruce Teague
Mayor Pro Tern Mazahir Salih
Megan Alter
Laura Bergus
Andrew Dunn
Shawn Harmsen
Joshua Moe
With a note of thanks to Laura Bergus and former City Councilor Janice Weiner for drafting
Resolution 20-228 in 2020, which created the TRC.
To all those who came before us, we are grateful for your hard work and sacrifice that got us
where we are today. May we be the future ancestors that the world needs.
2
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
1
Table of Contents
3
Executive Summary
5
Timeline: Seven Months with the Facilitators
8
Alignment with Iowa City's Strategic Plan
10
Recommendations
11
Recommendations for the TRC
11
Short-term Recommendations
11
General Recommendations
12
Recommendations for the City Council
14
Recommendations for the public
15
Barriers to Success
15
Successes
18
Truth -Telling
18
Fact Finding
18
Reconciliation
21
Closing Remarks
23
Appendices
24
Organizational Documents
25
TRC Duties
30
TRC Potential Partners
31
Potential Venue Information
38
Venue Preparation Notes
40
Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission Glossary (2023)
42
Steps to Prepare for Truth Telling Hearings / Healing Circles events
47
Community Encounters for Truth and Reconciliation
48
Truth -Telling
57
Trauma -Informed Truth Telling and Witnessing Protocol
59
Fact Finding
75
Data presented to TRC February 1, 2024
76
Disproportionate Minority Contact Study
78
Previous Findings
79
Data presented to TRC March 18, 2024
83
Reconciliation
113
On Reconciliation
114
Talking Circle
119
Concept: Restorative Justice Network
123
3
n
Executive Summary
Iowa City's Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was founded in response to
widespread protests against police violence and in support of Black lives in the summer of 2020.
The Iowa City City Council directed two of its members to work with community members to
create a mandate for the TRC. After input from representatives of the Iowa Freedom Riders,
Black Voices Project, the South District Neighborhood Association, the University of Iowa's
Center for Human Rights, and others, the City Council adopted the TRC's guiding document,
Resolution 20-228, on September 15, 2020. The TRC was originally slated to dissolve on June
30, 2022.
The City Council appointed the first TRC commissioners in November 2020. The TRC held its
first meeting on December 21, 2020. Thereafter, the TRC has met every two weeks and at least
twice per month, with two one -month pauses. Since its inception, several commissioners have
resigned, sometimes under politically charged circumstances. Clashes between people of
different ages, ideologies, and racial and ethnic identities resulted in questions about the TRC's
ability to succeed. New commissioners have been appointed. As of the writing of this report,
there are two current vacancies on the commission.
In its mandate, the TRC was tasked with selecting a facilitator to support its work. Like other
aspects of the TRC, the identity and appointment of the facilitator was controversial. While the
City Council allocated financial support for the TRC in its $1,000,00o fund to address racial
injustice, it was not until May 2023 that the City Council approved contracts for facilitation to
support the TRC. Concurrently, the City Council extended the end date of the TRC to December
31, 2024. (The duration of the commission had previously been extended one year, to June 30,
2023.) In the Summer of 2023, the facilitators and TRC commissioners began their work in
earnest.
This report is based on a project that could easily entail years of effort from many aspects of the
Iowa City community. However, a number of political and practical obstacles converged to result
in a tight timeframe of only seven months of facilitated work with the commission.
In this short time, the TRC has completed tasks associated with fact finding, truth telling, and
reconciliation. Through a series of educational workshops, facilitated meetings, and public
events, TRC Commissioners have involved the Iowa City community (especially communities of
color) in their initial steps in carrying out its unique mission. Ass detailed in City Council
Resolution 20-228, this report hones in on the TRC's recommendations to City Council,
including:
1) Institutional and policy reforms to end systemic racism; 2) Opportunities to create
new social practices, expectations, protocols, habits, rituals and celebrations that will
move Iowa City toward a shared experience of race and difference, justice and equity and
community and harmony; 3) Measures to enhance the autonomy/security/sovereignty of
communities of color and mitigate disparities in social and economic power; and 4) A
recommendation on whether and in what form the work of the Commission should
continue.
5
The TRC, in partnership with facilitators and City staff, hosted its first fact-finding events, truth
telling events, and circle events for reconciliation. It also hosted a "Strategic Doing" session
designed to convert ideals for racial equity into tangible actions community members could take.
The events attracted attendees from a variety of racial backgrounds across Iowa City, and many
attendees commented afterwards that they found the experience powerful and fulfilling.
In the course of a seven -month period, TRC Commissioners were able to focus on a single
issue —public safety and criminal justice —for their initial fact finding, truth telling, and
reconciliation efforts. While they acknowledged that it would be difficult to get a comprehensive
picture of public safety in the time allotted, TRC Commissioners were able to digest a significant
set of data that showed disconcerting disparities in the administration of criminal justice across
people of different racial backgrounds in Iowa City. They also heard testimonies from members
of the community on the complexities of enforcing laws equitably. In healing circles,
participants were able to share their experiences at earlier events and how they are processing
those experiences —some of which were emotionally powerful, painful, and/or inspiring.
Between the time of this report's writing (April 30, 2024) and the current end of its mandate
(December 31, 2024), the TRC plans to complete factfinding, truth -telling, and
healing/reconciliation work across at least two other topics. Given the broad nature of its
mandate, to examine racial injustice, the TRC has substantial work remaining to fulfill its
obligations to the City of Iowa City by the end of 2024.[JG1] When the TRC explored topics
that they wished to address to advance their mandate, the TRC identified seven topics,
including:
• Health
• Economic Development
• Environmental Justice
• Naming and Remembrances
• Public Safety
• Housing
• Education and Youth (both K-12 and higher education)
• Other (including language access, special needs/education, immigration, public
improvements by section of the city, etc.)
The work that remains for the TRC includes (but is not limited to):
• Identify key questions it wants to answer via fact finding and truth -telling events for
a given topic, along with potential data sources and individuals who could testify on
that topic.
• Review data collected and testimony from individuals on that topic.
• Formulate preliminary conclusions based on the data and testimony.
• Facilitate healing circles on that topic; and
• Develop consensus recommendations for addressing racial injustice uncovered by
the data and testimony.
In the following pages, the TRC documents its work to date on fact finding, truth telling, and
reconciliation. It also identifies barriers to success, and shares recommendations from the
m
facilitators for the TRC, the Iowa City City Council, and the public. Finally, the TRC reflects on
the work of truth and reconciliation, and attaches appendices of materials collected to date.
Timeline: Seven Months with the Facilitators
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August 2023, Training: All of the facilitators —Kearns & West (Fact -Finding); ThinkPeace
(Truth -Telling); and Astig Planning, Mediation Services of Eastern Iowa, and the Native
Partners team (Healing and Reconciliation) —provided a training to introduce themselves, their
teams, their areas of expertise, and their roles and functions in the processes of the Iowa City
Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
September 2023, Strategic Doing and Fact -Finding Brainstorming Session: The
Astig Planning team hosted a Strategic Doing session to inventory the assets of the community
and convene interested community members around the inclusive, action -oriented North Star
question developed by the TRC commissioners:
How can we strategically build capacity and amplify the voices of BIPOC and
ethnically -oppressed Peoples in order to express their truths, all while addressing historical
oppression, genocide, racism, and the need to de -construct colonial systems, ultimately creating
foundations for safer spaces for healing and empowerment?
This North Star question provided a focus for small groups of community members who met
and generated Strategic Doing project ideas consistent with the North Star question and the
TRC commission's mission. Kearns & West facilitated a Fact -Finding brainstorming session to
identify topics of interest to the commissioners and set preliminary research priorities for the
Fact -Finding facilitation team.
October 2023, Truth -Telling Training Session: The ThinkPeace team offered training on
what Truth -Telling is, how it is defined in the Iowa City TRC mandate, and how other TRCs have
approached Truth -Telling.
November 2023, Pause and Phase 1 Presentation to City Council: After many
meetings in the few months leading up to November, the TRC commissioners requested a pause
on all TRC-related activities, so they could absorb what they had been exposed to over the prior
several months. During this time, commissioners presented to the City Council on the progress
the TRC had made over the course of Phase 1 of the work.
H
December 2023, Selection of Three Priority Topics of Public Safety, Economic
Development, and Education: The Fact Finding team facilitated the TRC's winnowing down
of their areas of focus from ten to three: Public Safety, Economic Development, and Education,
in order from first to third priority.
January 2024, Development of Phase 2 Roadmap: The facilitation team developed a
roadmap with proposed activities, deliverables, and deadlines for Phase 2 of the TRC's work.
February 2024, Experiential Healing Circles by Native Partners and Presentation
of Preliminary Fact -Finding Outcomes and Trajectory for Public Safety: The Native
Partners hosted five Experiential Healing Circles to immerse interested parties in the local
Tribal Nations' traditional approaches to conflict management and reconciliation. The
Fact -Finding team presented the initial outcomes from Fact -Finding related to Public Safety- and
facilitated a discussion by the TRC of how to shape and refine the remaining research on this
topic in Phase 1.
March 2024, Two Fact -Finding Community Briefings and Two Truth -Telling
Events with Healing Circles Afterwards: The Fact -Finding facilitation team hosted two
events to present the Fact -Finding outcomes related to Public Safety and set the stage for the
rest of the TRC's work in that domain. The first event was virtual and consisted of thoroughly
reviewing the outcomes and still -open questions and taking questions from participants. The
second event was live and in person —the beginning part was an overview of the data shared at
the first event, and the latter part saw the commissioners and community members interact
with, respond to, and provide feedback on the data and each others' perspectives. The
Truth -Telling and Healing and Reconciliation facilitation team and Native Partners hosted two
Truth -Telling events with optional Healing Circles planned to immediately follow both events,
wherein interested participants and community members could share their truths. A Healing
Circle was offered and held by the Native Partners at the end of the second Truth Telling event,
to assist participants in processing what they had experienced and to achieve connection and
some kind of closure before exiting the event. In addition, members of CommUnity's mobile
crisis response team were invited and present for the in -person Fact=Finding event and both
Truth -Telling events.
0
Alignment with Iowa City's Strategic Plan
The Iowa City Strategic Plan provides the foundation for the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission (TRC) as it carries out the city's values and future vision of the community. When
we imagine a future Iowa City that is grounded in shared historical facts, collective truths, and a
commitment to reconcile harm, it is easy to see how the current Strategic Plan supports this
future.
The Iowa City City Council assigned three tasks to the TRC, to work towards addressing racial
injustice in our community: fact-finding, truth -telling, and reconciliation. This work of the TRC
is securely grounded in Iowa City's values of Racial Equity, Social Justice & Human Rights.
Iowa City's future vision for a community that embodies these values is one where:
Iowa City welcomes and celebrates cultural diversity throughout the community, and
accurate cultural historical perspectives are acknowledged and commemorated.
The fact finding responsibility of the TRC supports this vision. Its research on
systems such as public safety, housing, education, and health care unearths
systemic racism and necessitates the daylighting and shared agreement of the
trauma (the real harm of erasure and othering), resilience (our stories of
resistance because we are still here), and impacts (actual barriers to housing and
education that prohibit equity and love) that are inherent and intentional in these
systems.
Each community member understands how systemic inequities have disadvantaged and
marginalized some populations and is equipped with the skills to disrupt bias. Growth
and healing occur as the City proactively addresses racial inequalities and social
injustices.
The TRC's truth telling leads to understanding of inequities and marginalization.
Practices of reconciliation led by the TRC teach community members how to
disrupt bias by holding space for collective healing.
The City has removed and addressed systemic barriers present in all facets of city
government including policies, land use decisions, programs, services, and employment.
Partnerships with businesses, schools, and non-profit organizations facilitate equitable
access to opportunity across all sectors. City employees, boards and commission
members, and other advisory and decision -making entities reflect the diversity of the
Iowa City community. The presence of equity, inclusion, and belonging is identifiable in
all City operations and activities.
All three of the TRC's mandates of fact finding, truth telling, and reconciliation
support this future. The practices of collecting facts, hearing personal stories, and
coming together to facilitate resilient responses to harm will equip the
commission and community with information and tools for generating
recommendations for the City Council that will provide a strong foundation for
creating and sustaining this future vision.
10
Recommendations
This section has three parts: Recommendations for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
(TRC), Recommendations for the City Council, and Recommendations for the public at large.
This format provides easy reference for individuals and groups invested in engaging with
further racial equity work within our community.
Recommendations for the TRC
Short-term Recommendations
These recommendations are for the remainder of the 2024 calendar year:
1. Increase the opportunities for the TRC commissioners to build relationships with each
other outside of scheduled TRC public meetings, to get to know each other better, to
review and deepen understanding of written materials and presentations provided by
facilitators, and to allow space for commissioners to explore their own vulnerability and
truth telling about mistreatment.
2. Contact City Council members and encourage them to engage directly with TRC
commissioners, and to be invested in and supportive of the truth telling process.
3. Provide additional facilitation time for commissioners to process in -person and written
material from facilitators.
4. Hire a social media intern to design and disseminate public service announcements
about the TRC, its duties, and to provide opportunities for the public to attend an
educational event about TRCs around the globe.
g. Encourage members of the TRC to join professional and community -based
organizations, such as NACRJ (National Association of Community Restorative Justice)
and provide stipends for two commissioners to attend their annual conference.
6. Provide resources for commissioners to meet with and learn from other TRC processes,
such as the Beloved Community Center in Greensboro, NC. or the Maine Wabanaki-State
Child Welfare Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
11
General Recommendations
1. To request that the TRC receives the resources to hire personnel to implement the
decisions and requests of the commission in terms of public activities, research,
facilitation, outreach, and compilation of its final report.
2. To request that the TRC's tenure be extended for enough time to ensure that Fact
Finding and Truth Telling are completed on topics beyond the three currently approved
(e.g., law enforcement, economic empowerment, and education), to include areas such as
health care and housing.
3. To establish a procedure for decision -making that is clear, mindful of collective action,
and takes into account deliberative consideration for each commissioner's ideas and
contributions before moving on to other agenda items, and that discourages
renegotiating recent decisions of the commission. The TRC should have an internal
policy for using restorative practices to address conflict within the commission itself.
Individual commissioners should be discouraged from making unilateral decisions
without the entire commission's prior knowledge.
To host monthly or quarterly healing circles led by the currently contracted Native
Partners or other Indigenous people trained in healing circles. The TRC should take care
to avoid cultural appropriation. One way to do this is to provide circle practices led by
people who are grounded in their own cultural teachings and offer them of their own
volition.
g. To use all media tools to promote and educate the Iowa City community about the role
the TRC plays to amplify voices of people, particularly from the Black and BIPOC
community, who experience or witness racialized mistreatment. This can extend beyond
sharing flyers of events, and include public service announcements and interviews with
journalists.
To engage in monthly public outreach to educators, social senice practitioners, and
others who have direct involvement with youth to encourage their participation in
truth -telling processes. This can be facilitated by sharing their voices and telling their
stories about racialized mistreatment related to a particular focus.
To host study groups to deepen a shared understanding of trauma and its impact into all
aspects of organizational functioning, retraumatization, and healing. These study groups
could be facilitated by members of the community who conduct research, provide crisis
intervention, utilize trauma -informed practices, etc.
8. To promote and educate the Iowa City community about witnessing truth telling
hearings as a way to increase their awareness about the experiences of people in Iowa
City who experienced racialized mistreatment, and how they can contribute to social and
racial justice change.
To revisit the ideas generated during the Strategic Doing Sessions to further their work.
One powerful example is the creation of a curriculum for a cohort of people in the
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community to engage the fact-finding information that the TRC uncovers/aggregates.
This could also include a series of healing/talking circles to process information, and
potentially create a community -led project together. This idea was modeled after the
local Community Leadership Program, and has great potential to further engage the
community in the work of the TRC. There were several ideas generated that are
referenced in the appendix for future consideration. Additionally, the commission now
has experience with Strategic Doing, and can use this process for relevant components of
their work. Strategic Doing involves community members generating and implementing
project ideas, which expands the reach of the TRC vision.
10. To support the creation of a community -wide restorative justice talking circle network,
which can be activated when harmful action —or inaction —occurs, as proposed by the
Healing Partners (Proposal included in Appendix). This is a network of people who are
trained to hold healing space and identify community resources that overcome barriers
(for instance, immediate housing needs, access to food, etc.).
11. To sponsor a training in talking circle facilitation. Native -led Healing Circles are distinct
from secular talking circles, which are used in a variety of settings. The TRC should
encourage members of various communities within the Iowa City area to be trained as
facilitators so people can participate in circles led by people who look and sound like
them. This would include having young adults trained as facilitators. Also, the TRC
should encourage community members to take part in talking circles to experience the
benefits of talking circles, including how talking circles can intervene on some effects of
trauma. Circles provide a space for people to share their experiences and truths and for
others to better understand experiences different from theirs. This is an important step
towards broader understanding and reconciliation. More information on talking circles
and their benefits is in the Appendix.
12. To review the contents of the Appendix, which can be useful in their preparation for
their ongoing work related to Truth Telling, Fact Finding, and Reconciliation. The
Appendix includes documents created for the TRC and their educational sessions, as well
as other documents. The TRC should also make sure that these documents are easily
accessible by community members.
13. Recommendations regarding Fact -Finding
a. To secure support for a Data Liaison as a single point of contact to lead and
facilitate data collection, synthesis, and analysis. Consider how additional
researcher recruitment can strive for a research team that reflects the diversity of
the Iowa City population. Develop researcher selection criteria that ensure
appropriate capabilities and/or training for those who lead or support data
collection. A diverse and trained team will help mitigate research bias and
produce a more comprehensive data portfolio. Consider advancing partnerships
with undergraduate- or graduate -level students and faculty with related research
experience. Ensure that community members with relevant data are consulted
and incorporated into the process.
b. To publish a TRC data compendium from the data collected to advance the TRC's
mandate.
13
C. To align TRC timelines with priorities. The current December 31, 2024 timeline
could allow for the TRC to advance activities for 1-2 additional prioritized topics.
Recognizing the tension between wide-ranging subjects and the constraints of
resources, consider requesting additional time and resources or choosing a
narrower focus.
Recommendations for the City Council
1. To provide the TRC with the resources to hire personnel with expertise necessary to
implement the decisions and requests of the commission in terms of public activities,
research, facilitation, outreach, and compilation of its final report.
2. To extend the TRC's tenure for enough time to complete Fact Finding and Truth Telling
on several topics beyond the three currently approved (e.g., law enforcement, economic
empowerment, and education), to include areas such as health care and housing.
3. To provide stipends for commissioners commensurate with time commitment, to
provide impetus to serve, and to elevate their positions to a professional status. Stipends
would acknowledge the clear differences between the TRC and other City commissions.
For instance, some commissions make recommendations to City Council, such as grant
allocations; however, they are not tasked with hosting truth -telling events. These events
require significant amounts of time and energy to find community members willing to
tell their truth, interview and coach these residents, and then host an event that is
centered on creating a safer space to tell their truth. Commissioners must address safety
concerns, both physical and emotional, for safe truth -telling. The commission is also
charged with reconciliation, which is the enormous task of healing race -based harm and
creating new relationships to help prevent future harm. Commissioners have
engagedNative/Indigenous-led healing circles and community crisis counselors. These
are just a few examples of the differences between this commission and other City
commissions. Compensation to TRC commissioners will signal a recognition from the
City Council that their labor is vital and valued.
To support the creation of a TRC retreat that meets quorum and public meeting laws, to
foster a space that allows commissioners to discuss the functions and responsibilities of
the commission. The agenda can include,for example, discussion of specific sections or
all of Resolution 20-228 and/or this report and Appendix materials; educating and
engaging the community; etc.
g. To attend at least one truth telling hearing before the end of the current year.
To approve a budget to support all reconciliation and public education activities. There
are costs incurred when continuing to host healing/talking circles, produce and
distribute public educational information about reconciliation, and train community
members as talking circle facilitators.
To support all media efforts by the TRC, including leveraging the City's internal
resources to promote the TRC.
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8. To enact a more flexible attendance policy for TRC commissioners. This should be
accompanied by City staff conducting exit interviews for resigning or removed
commissioners to learn more about the factors impacting attendance.
Recommendations for the public
1. To invite commissioners to attend organizational/religious gatherings so they can share
information and listen/learn more from the community.
2. To assist professional organizations and institutions (e.g. real estate agencies,
accountants, non -profits, schools, hospitals, banks, credit unions) in developing and
distributing area -specific informational materials that outline and promote:
a. Tools, policies, and practices that create a culture shift towards removing
barriers, providing access, and shoring up cultural competence/radical
compassion (compassion not only for others, but ourselves, as a healing
methodology).
b. Historical and current data that have resulted in systemic and individualized
impacts of racial injustice.
C. Story -telling that voices the lived experiences of people who have been harmed
and/or stories of resilience and joy in the face of racial oppression.
d. The work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and access to
reconciliation/healing opportunities.
e. Internal culture that acknowledges fear of speaking up and legitimizes the ability
for people to tell their truth so that organizations and institutions can make
informed decisions.
15
Barriers to Success
A Truth and Reconciliation Commission is a paradoxical proposition: the more urgently it is
needed, the more difficult it is for the TRC to succeed. Truth commissions are not created in
harmonious societies full of trust and understanding, but in traumatized communities, where
distrust runs high and polarization is a deeply entrenched response. The task of working to
establish a TRC in such a context brings with it many barriers, as has been the case in Iowa City.
The first barrier to success is intrinsic to the kind of conflict in Iowa City: tension and distrust
among marginalized people and groups who have historically been competing for access to
limited resources and power. The commission has experienced many episodes of confrontation
over the course of its work, several of them quite public. This reflects the lines of tension and
distrust in the city: angry disputes about perceived slights, doctrinal debates, and repeated
attempts to end its tenure. These disruptions have echoed generational, racial, class, and gender
divides at a level of intensity that has risked the commission's ability to complete its mandate.
The discomfort of these disputes being aired in public nearly led to the dissolution of the
commission by the City Council. Related in part to these tensions, and in part to the TRC
commissioners serving as volunteers, there was not equal participation or engagement by all
commissioners. Commissioners who did not regularly attend meetings often had questions or
needed discussion to get back up to speed. Sometimes, tensions resulted in commission
members intentionally disrupting the process, which undermined the team dynamic necessary
for a successful commission.
The second barrier to success is the institutional nature of the commission. The TRC is a public
commission of the City of Iowa City. This barrier relates to issues of design and political will. The
TRC is not an independent institution endowed by the City with resources for the
commissioners to hire and fire staff and to dedicate effective time to work. On the contrary, it
works as any other municipal committee in formalistic meetings, with a strong presumption
against informal coordinations outside of the formal meetings. Seeking to fit into the traditional
mold of other commissions, the TRC initially adhered to Robert's Rules of Order and voted on
many procedural aspects of its own existence. The experience of other truth commissions
around the world suggested that a more informal, flexible structure would have been more
successful. Further, the TRC's dependence on volunteer commissioners created a dynamic that
forced them to second guess many of their decisions, wondering whether their tasks were
feasible under City procedures.
It may have been better to create an independently empowered institution, rather than an
official City commission. However, the initial creation of the TRC was a question of will: there
was not enough cohesive collective political will to envision and propose something independent
from the City government. The TRC emerged as a response to variegated, multifront, diverse
movements and it followed the logic of centralizing and normalizing, rather than trusting the
process in its independence. Commissions like these require resources and enough structure to
enable effective functioning to complete its tasks. In its early years, the TRC struggled from lack
of funds from the City. One commissioner resigned and established an independent "People's
TRC." That group dissolved after a few months.
As a result of being a City commission, the TRC depended on the shifting political dynamics in
the City Council, where its own existence was at play. It spent considerable time in negotiations
about how to approach the facilitation role foreseen in its mandate. There were multiple false
16
starts in hiring professional facilitation. The first approved facilitator withdrew before its
contract began. About a year later, the City Council approved specific funding for a facilitator,
but then denied that facilitator's contract. For the City Council and professional staff, the TRC
was a source of legal anxieties and operational conundrums. Did it entail a risk of liability to the
City? Was it able to effectively receive the testimonies its mandate foresaw? Were
commissioners able to meet with members of the public outside of regular meetings? City
officials repeatedly relayed these concerns to commissioners, creating anxiety and insecurity
instead of empowerment and energy.
Establishing reconciliation pathways within the commission would have been an ideal place to
start. As a largely BIPOC commission, the trauma and harm from institutionalized racism
experienced throughout their lives meant that they were asked to confront the very harm they
were experiencing. The constraints of being a City commission meant that any meeting of more
than half of the members must be noticed and open to the public. This meant the commissioners
could never all attend a healing/talking circle together unless it was posted as an open meeting
for the public, too. Restorative circles could have afforded a space for authentic, open dialogue
and generated a more connected and cohesive group dynamic. There were two smaller healing
circle opportunities that occurred within the commission in the fall of 2022, but only a few
commissioners could gather and share at a time. While these sessions were helpful, they did not
allow for all members to come together, and the separate experiences did not create enduring
connections and healing for the whole commission.
The third barrier is a matter of strategic and tactical horizons. Pursuit of racial justice is a
long-term and radical struggle. It entails the transformation of society as we know it, cultivating
completely new directions, mental structures, and institutions. Such a cause requires intense
energy and enormous strategic discipline. It is extremely difficult to balance both: at some
points, the radical energy of protest proposed utopian, necessary, radical institutions, such as
the People's Truth Commission. However, transformation requires duration and sustainability,
not just the isolated cry and demonstrative energy of the moment. The commission has been
simultaneously asked very little and very much: some want it not to make waves, some want it to
transform the life of the city right away. As a result, much time has been lost in doctrinal
confrontation, rather than pragmatic planning, strategizing, and alliance -making. Not being
either a sedate bureaucratic exercise, nor a furnace of transformation, the TRC has disappointed
many and ended up quite isolated and separated from the day-to-day movement of the City.
Another barrier has been the constrained time frame of the TRC. When faced with the trauma
and impacts of genocide and institutionalized racism over the past four hundred years, the
three -and -a -half years of the TRC is incredibly short. In that light, the seven months allotted to
the commission to undertake the training, education, and execution of the commission's
mandate was far too short.As noted above, racialized reconciliation takes time. The TRC is just
beginning to understand the ways in which reconciliation can occur, both internally as
commissioners who have experienced racism, and through community -level healing/talking
circles. These endeavors need time and support to be cultivated at the city-wide level. This
barrier can be removed by continuing to invest in the TRC's reconciliation efforts long into the
future.
In addition to the barriers mentioned above, the fact-finding process would have benefited from
more cohesive data aggregation. Efficiencies in collaboration could be achieved through the
establishment of a single fact-finding data liaison. The tasks required of the TRC to complete its
mandate extend beyond what Commissioners are able to advance in their volunteer capacity.
17
Successes
The following section outlines the successes thus far, despite barriers, and what to lean on for
future success.
Truth -Telling
The Chair of the TRC reached out to the facilitation teams for support and advice about the truth
telling processes. This led to her finding truth tellers from the community, and following the
approved Testimony and Witness protocols. These protocols outline how to prepare a truth
teller for giving public testimony and suggestions to invite a potential truth teller to speak with
the Think Peace team.
Commitment, perseverance, and patience, and embodying a passion for truth and justice, are
attributes needed in a Truth and Reconciliation commissioner. The commissioners who
consistently participated in the Iowa City TRC meetings and the TRC facilitator meetings
contributed to ensuring strong communication between facilitators, City Council members and
the TRC.
Coordination and communication between commissioners and representatives from the City
Council ensures success of a TRC.
Fact Finding
In September 2023, the TRC identified parameters to advance their fact-finding mandate. The
TRC reviewed examples from TRCs convened in Greensboro, North Carolina, the U.S. State of
Maine, and Canada, among others, to understand the scope, breadth, and depth of fact finding
efforts there. The TRC's review also explored how other commissions have defined "facts" to
advance their work.
The TRC developed a list of subject areas to prioritize in its examination of racial injustice in
Iowa City, including:
• Health
• Economic Development
• Environmental Justice
• Naming and Remembrances
• Public Safety
• Housing
• Education and Youth (both K-12 and higher education)
• Other (including language access, special needs/education, immigration, public
improvements by section of the city, etc.)
The TRC wanted to review historical data disaggregated by race within each category and
developed a comprehensive list of potential indicators to examine (see Appendix).
Commissioners also voiced a desire to benchmark data collected on Iowa City with other cities of
similar size, as well as demographics, including the so-called "Big Ten" college cities (referring to
cities where colleges in the Big Ten Conference are located).
in
Commissioners had a detailed conversation about how to measure racial injustice in various
sectors. For example, for housing, they could review instances where affordable housing was
demolished, new construction permitted, zoning changes, evictions, redlining, and racially
restrictive covenants. While the TRC recognized that they might not be able to review all data it
requested, it still developed a research portfolio that would, in theory, enable it to draw
meaningful conclusions about, and recommendations to address, racial injustice across the Iowa
City community.
After a pause to digest their work in November 2023, Commissioners instructed the Facilitation
Team to focus on fact-finding on a single topic in the next 3-4 months. The TRC reached
consensus to focus on public safety, which primarily encompassed data on the work and
operations of the Iowa City Police Department.
On February 1, 2024, the Facilitation Team shared initial data with the TRC. This data was
compiled from a range of sources including the U.S. Department of Justice, the Iowa City Police
Department, academic researchers, and organizations advocating for police reform. A full list
can be found in the Appendix. Selected highlights from the TRC discussion about presented data
included the following:
Staffing, per capita, at the Iowa City Police Department is lower than many peer
cities and cities of similar size.[ 11
Stops and arrests of Black or African Americans in Iowa City occur at a higher
rate than their percentage of the Iowa City population.0
Relatively few civilian complaints have been submitted to the civilian oversight
board against the Iowa City Police Department (a few per year), and a small
percentage of those has been upheld in the review process conducted by the Chief
of Police and the review board.[3]
The TRC was able to review the presented data and formulate a series of follow-up questions,
which enabled the Facilitation Team to prepare a more comprehensive fact-finding presentation
at the TRC's meetings on March 14`h and 18L1, 2024, with the help of City staff. Additional data
collected to respond to TRC questions was presented, including:
• If the City wanted the Iowa City Police Department to have staffing levels more
comparable to its peers, it would need nearly 3o additional officers. Iowa City
also spends less than other similar sized cities in Iowa on public safety as a
percentage of its General Fund and per capita.14j
• Demographics of the ICPD are close to those of the community, though there is a
smaller percentage of Black and Hispanic officers than there is in the broader
community.[5]
• White applicants are overrepresented at the various stages of recruitment for
ICPD in comparison to their percentage of the population.[61
• While the ICPD attempted to change its policy on stops to limit circumstances
when motorists or pedestrians are stopped for minor violations, that changed
policy was nullified by state law.171
19
At least three lawsuits have been filed against ICPD alleging racial profiling, with
a fourth case not pursued in litigation but publicly protested by civil rights
organizations.[81
The entirety of the data presented during this meeting is included as Appendix E.
After reviewing the fact-finding presentation on public safety, Commissioners shared individual
perspectives on findings through a notecards activity. They then discussed their notes, looking
for alignment across initial findings. They concluded that disconcerting racial disparities exist
related to public safety in Iowa City —in terms of stops, arrests, offenses, recruitment, and
staffing, among other indicators. The TRC agreed to conduct additional discussion and analysis
to determine final recommendations in this area.
U See Iowa City FY 24 budget public hearing presentation, available at icgov.org.
[21 See Disproportionate Minority Contact Study at
[31 See 2020 Preliminary Plan to Accelerate Community Policing, available at
httns: / /NvwNv.icizov.ore/home/shownublisheddoe,ument/867/6381,7o3o4lo830000
C41 See Iowa City FY 24 budget public hearing presentation, available at icgov.org.
[yl See Iowa City Police Department 2022 Annual Report at
https: / /NvwNv.iegov.org/home/sho=ublisheddocument/i ,r4/6s82726o681 s00000
[61 Source: Iowa City Police Department data shared with TRC by Chief of Police Dustin Liston.
[1 S. Gruber -Miller and I. Richardson, "Saying she's 'grateful to the heroes,' Gov. Izim Reynolds
raises penalties for protest -related crimes, boosts police protections," Des Moines Register, June
17, 2021 (see
httns: //NvwNv.desmoinesreaister.com/story/news/politics/2o2l/o6/17/iowa-eov-kim-reynolds-s
ns-back-the-blue-law-higher-protest-penalties-protecting-police/v4laoavoo2 /)
[81 For info on case filed against ICPD and settled by the Iowa City City Council, see T.
Mehaffey, "Corah-ille man to receive $390,000 settlement after wrongly accused of impaired
driving," Cedar Rapids Gazette, July 11, 2022,
wrongly -accused -of -impaired -driving/
20
Reconciliation
The healing circles led by the Native Partners (Terry Medina, Manape LaMere, and Donnielle
Wanattee) faced several barriers, including the hesitancy of TRC commissioners to attend them
or assist in promoting these opportunities to the public. Some commissioners reinforced a
public perception of "outsiders coming into Iowa City to do this work." (Even though the idea
that indigenous leaders are `outsiders' underscores the need for genuine and accurate education
regarding indigenous history and presence in our state.)
The hesitation of commissioners to attend the healing sessions may have been due to availability
of time on their part. The Native Partners fostered accessibility, though, by holding five healing
circle sessions in the month of February at different times and locations. There may also have
been confusion about who the healing circles were intended to serve and how.
Regardless of these barriers to success, the Native Partners' healing circles offered Iowa City
residents an opportunity to come together and experience the power of connection and healing.
After one of the healing circle sessions, one participant noted
"This experience is not easily summarized, as it caused a kind of seismic shift in my sense
of connection, awareness and humility. It was an unexpected confronting and connecting
to oneself, the other members of the circle and everything/everyone everywhere."
Another participant shared:
"I thought this would be hokey. Instead it was spiritual. I felt connected to all the people
there, even though I didn't know most of them. And I think we came from very different
religious and cultural backgrounds. I was afraid to open up, but seeing others be so
vulnerable and real made it feel safer. The people leading talked about cleansing tears. I
felt that. We all cried together. Some was release, some was sadness. By the end it was
gratitude as well."
Terry Medina also offered comments:
"...I have no doubt that the Native Partners bring Spirituality to the table, we bring our
Native Ways and Humility, when we gather in a Circle, we are all equal. Being Humble is
the opposite of being Prideful & Arrogant, thinking you are more important than
another, when in fact we all have our own gifts.
...When we gather again in the Circle, I Neill conduct the Circle and any negative or bad
feelings that may still be present, we will write it down on a paper, then I will gather the
papers and use one of my Sacred Eagle Feathers, offer up a Prayer to the 4 Directions, go
outside and put tobacco down and burn the papers and let those bad or negative feelings
be taken away, replaced by compassion, respect and love, asking Creator for Peace Be
Upon Us.
We can agree to disagree in a respectful way. Show Kindness and Understanding to the
Circle and Listen to what is being said, I prayed for Forgiveness for one and all.
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My recommendation is to actually meet the entire City Council in person, along with the
TRC. I feel myself, Manape & Donnielle bring a balance if you will to the TRC and all the
relatives that come around. Our ways are unique yet if you Listen with your eyes, heart &
spirit you will learn.
I was honored to be called upon to serve. It has been 9 months now since we came to
Iowa City.
Much Love to Anne & V for taking care of us and all my new relatives I made. It has been
my pleasure, if you would like for us to continue to Serve you as The Native Partners, I
am ready and willing, if you choose not to need our services in the future I respect that as
well.
Mitakuye Owas'in = We are All Relatives
Doksha Ake = See You Down The Road"
Based on this feedback and the positive experiences expressed by the Native Partners and
community participants, an expansion of opportunities for these healing circles to continue in
Iowa City would be an asset to the TRC.
22
Closing Remarks
We honor the powerful vision, bold honesty, and courage of the Iowa City City Council in
founding the Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission in their Resolution 20-228 on
September 15, 2020.
As designed, the Resolution is a roadmap for intentionally uncovering the truths of systemic,
racialized injustice in Iowa City's history that has created the city it is today. This action taken by
the City Council, and subsequently carried out by the TRC, creates movement toward the future
described in the City's Strategic Plan:
Iowa City welcomes and celebrates cultural diversity throughout the community, and
accurate cultural historical perspectives are acknowledged and commemorated.
Each community member understands how systemic inequities have disadvantaged and
marginalized some populations and is equipped with the skills to disrupt bias. Growth
and healing occur as the City proactively addresses racial inequalities and social
injustices.
The City has removed and addressed systemic barriers present in all facets of city
government including policies, land use decisions, programs, services, and employment.
Partnerships with businesses, schools, and non-profit organizations facilitate equitable
access to opportunity across all sectors. City employees, boards and commission
members, and other advisory and decision -making entities reflect the diversity of the
Iowa City community. The presence of equity, inclusion, and belonging is identifiable in
all City operations and activities.
We support the City Council, the TRC Commissioners, and all members of the community in
moving toward that future, together.
We end this report as we began:
To all those who carve before as, we are grateful for your hard work and sacrifice that got us
Where we are today. May we be the fixture ancestors that the world needs.
23
Appendices
This section is organized as a repository of helpful documents for the TRC as a whole and further
broken into the three areas of focus: Truth telling, Fact finding, and Reconciliation, for ease of
access.
24
Organizational Documents
This section holds documents that outline the responsibilities/duties of the TRC and support
their efforts to host future events, such as healing circles and truth -telling gatherings.
25
Resolution establishing Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Prepared by: Council members Janice Weiner and Laura Bergus
Resolution No. 20-228
Whereas, in Resolution No. 20-159 (Initial Commitments addressing the Black Lives Matter
Movement and Systemic Racism in the wake of the murder of George Floyd by the Minneapolis
Police and calls for action from protesters and residents), the Iowa City City Council resolved as
follows:
By October 1, 2020, create an ad hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission to bear witness to
the truth of racial injustice in Iowa City and to carry out restorative justice, through the collection
of testimony and public hearings, with such work to include a recommendation to the Council of
a plan for dedicating and/or renaming public spaces and/or rights of way in honor of the Black
Lives Matter movement; and,
Whereas, the City Council committed to allocate City funds of $1 during the present Fiscal Year
to support Resolution 20-159, which includes a variety of initiatives, among them the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission; and,
Whereas, truth and reconciliation underscores the imperative that confronting and reckoning
with the past is necessary for successful transitions from conflict, injustice, resentment and
tension to peace, equality and connectedness; and,
Whereas, while we acknowledge that other forms of injustice and challenges have occurred
over the course of the history of the city of Iowa City, the focus of this Commission is on race;
and,
Whereas, the City Council acknowledges the existence of painful, systemic, persistent, and
varied forms of racial injustice in Iowa City, and acknowledges that such injustice persists
despite past efforts to address it, consistent with observations that systemic racism and white
privilege are deeply resistant to change; and,
Whereas, the Iowa City community must look comprehensively into its past and bear witness to
the truth of racial injustice in order to provide the best possible foundation for moving into a
future of equity based on healing and hope; and,
Whereas, the City Council recognizes that, for a Truth and Reconciliation process to be
meaningful, it must include bold action to confront privilege, stimulate difficult conversations, and
26
reach and engage a full cross-section of the community, including those in the community not
inclined to engage or resistant to engagement; and,
Whereas, a comprehensive process will require that City of Iowa City departments and the City
Council itself participate, including individual councilors, in good faith, in the process and to
actively encourage broad
participation throughout the community, and the City Council hereby commits to such
participation and encouragement; and,
Whereas, creation of an Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission is in the best interests of
the City and its residents.
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved by the City Council of the City of Iowa City, that:
1. The Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is hereby established.
2. The TRC shall have nine members who are representative of the City's BIPOC communities
and organizations, including those who have direct lived experience with systemic racism, as
well as experts who support those communities. To the extent possible, as determined by the
City Council, the TRC shall include representation from groups such as the Iowa Freedom
Riders, the Black Voices Project, the South District Neighborhood Association, the Iowa City
Human Rights Commission, and the Community Police Review Board. Johnson County
residency is required. Iowa City residency is preferred but not required if an applicant offers
expertise or representation not available from applicants who reside in Iowa City. Members of
other City boards and commissions are eligible to serve on the TRC.
3. Applications for membership on the TRC shall be announced, advertised, and available in the
same manner as those for all City boards and commissions.
4. The TRC shall select the Chair, who when present will preside over all meetings, and the
Vice -Chair. who will serve as chair in the absence of the Chair.
5. Within the charges of the TRC set forth herein, the TRC is not required to seek approval from
the City Council, mayor, or city manager to set its own agenda and prioritize its activities.
6. The TRC shall be facilitated by an independent consultant, funded by the City, with expertise
in group facilitation and human rights, and to the extent possible, experience with diversity,
implicit bias, mediation and conflict resolution, until such time as the TRC concludes by the
favorable vote of at least three -fourths of all the members of the TRC (7/9) that facilitation is no
longer needed.
7. To conform with the requirements of laws pertaining to open meetings and public records and
to facilitate transparency and public education and participation, administrative/clerical
assistance and media/event assistance shall be provided by City staff as determined by the City
Manager and City Clerk. Media assistance may be supplemented by outside expertise on a
case -by -case basis if the Commission believes it will substantially expand outreach.
8. The TRC shall determine the frequency and conduct of its meetings. The meetings will be
27
open to the public and conducted in accordance with Chapter 21 of the Iowa Code. Records,
documentation, and communications of the TRC will be public records under Chapter 22 of the
Iowa Code.
9. The TRC shall serve from the date of appointment of all members to June 30, 2022. The TRC
shall have an organizational meeting no later than 30 days after the appointment of all
members.
10. Within 90 days of its organizational meeting, the TRC shall recommend to City Council a
preliminary budget for funds needed to carry out the charges of the TRC beyond what existing
City staff, programs, and services can provide.
11. The charges of the TRC are as follows:
A.Fact- Finding The TRC shall collect evidence, including first-hand testimony, of
discrimination and racial injustice in multiple settings and compile a complete record of
racial injustices that will inform and support the fundamental institutional and policy
reforms necessary to address systemic racism.
B.Truth-Telling The TRC shall: 1) Provide multiple fora and creative opportunities for
persons impacted and traumatized by racial injustice to share their stories of racial
injustice and experience to be heard by: (a) fellow communities of color; (b) a broad
cross section of the entire Iowa City community; and (c) key decision makers in city
government, the business community and the University; 2) Explore ways to provide
such opportunities through art, music, theater, workshops, rallies and other forms of
congregation, multimedia and listening designed to reveal truths that cannot be fully
expressed in traditional fora; and, 3) Create a repository for community stories
expressed in multiple media (written, video, audio, art) that can be cataloged and used
to educate and inform members of the community.
C.Reconciliation The TRC shall: 1) Provide opportunity for and facilitate direct
conversation among and between community members of color, white community
members and representatives of various sectors in which people of color experience
discrimination and injustice (e.g. police and protesters, landlords and tenants, students
and teachers, patients and health care providers, business owners and staff); 2) Create
a replicable model that provides a structure for enabling these conversations throughout
the city; 3) Make available opportunities for a broad cross section of the community to
learn about discrimination and racial injustice in our community; and, 4) Identify and
recommend to the City Council institutional and policy reforms, new social practices,
expectations, protocols, habits, rituals, conversations and celebrations that will move
Iowa City toward a shared experience of race and difference, justice and equity and
community and harmony.
12. The TRC shall strive to provide a safe and supportive space for its work, premised on
mutual respect, and shall conduct its work so as to promote healing and justice. The T RC shall
consider the possibility of adverse actions against those who participate in its work. The TRC
shall carefully consider mechanisms to protect participants, and shall work to support those who
allege harm due to their participation in the TRC process.
13. The TRC shall submit periodic updates to City Council to include, but not be limited to: its
W-1
plans for community education; recommendations for Council action; requests for resources the
TRC needs to carry out its work; and recommendations to dedicate and/or rename public
spaces and/or rights of way in honor of the Black Lives Matter movement.
14. By May 1, 2022 the TRC shall submit to City Council:
A. A report summarizing the work of the TRC.
B. A repository of community stories expressed in multiple media (written, video, audio,
art). C. Recommendations to the City Council for: 1) Institutional and policy reforms to
end systemic racism; 2) Opportunities to create new social practices, expectations,
protocols, habits, rituals and celebrations that will move Iowa City toward a shared
experience of race and difference, justice and equity and community and harmony; 3)
Measures to enhance the autonomy/security/sovereignty of communities of color and
mitigate disparities in social and economic power; and 4) A recommendation on whether
and in what form the work of the Commission should continue.
15. At any time in its work, and no later than June 30, 2022, the TRC shall strive to submit to the
City Council a replicable model and structure for conversations between people of color and
white community members and representatives of various sectors in which people of color
experience discrimination and injustice.
16. Absent further action by the City Council, the T RC will dissolve on June 30, 2022.
Passed and approved this 15 day of September, 2020.
City Attorney's Office - 09/10/2020
29
Resolution establishing Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Resolution 20-228 was passed by the Iowa City City Council September 15, 2020
TRC Duties
The charges of the TRC are as follows:
1. Fact -Finding -The TRC shall collect evidence, including first-hand testimony, of discrimination
and racial injustice in multiple settings and compile a complete record of racial injustices that
will inform and support the fundamental institutional and policy reforms necessary to address
systemic racism.
2. Truth -Telling - The TRC shall: 1) Provide multiple fora and creative opportunities for persons
impacted and traumatized by racial injustice to share their stories of racial injustice and
experience to be heard by: (a) fellow communities of color; (b) a broad cross section of the
entire Iowa City community; and (c) key decision -makers in city government, the business
community and the University; 2) Explore ways to provide such opportunities through art,
music, theater, workshops, rallies and other forms of congregation, multimedia and listening
designed to reveal truths that cannot be fully expressed in traditional fora; and, 3) Create a
repository for community stories expressed in multiple media (written, video, audio, art) that
can be cataloged and used to educate and inform members of the community.
3. Reconciliation - The TRC shall: 1) Provide opportunity for and facilitate direct conversation
among and between community members of color, white community members and
representatives of various sectors in which people of color experience discrimination and
injustice (e.g. police and protesters, landlords and tenants, students and teachers, patients and
health care providers, business owners and staff); 2) Create a replicable model that provides a
structure for enabling these conversations throughout the city; 3) Make available opportunities
for a broad cross section of the community to learn about discrimination and racial injustice in
our community; and, 4) Identify and recommend to the City Council institutional and policy
reforms, new social practices, expectations, protocols, habits, rituals, conversations and
celebrations that will move Iowa City toward a shared experience of race and difference, justice
and equity and community and harmony.
30
Community Agreements
We share agreements to build understanding as we navigate meaningful and difficult
conversations grounded in co -creating spaces for racial justice and healing together. We
invite us all to contribute to and agree to follow our guidelines.
1. Listening: We listen fully, listen from our heart, and we allow space for silence. We
bear witness, but do not provide advice or argue with others.
2. Speaking: We respect one person speaking at a time without verbal or non-verbal
interruption. We speak for ourselves from the "I" perspective, from our own experiences
and perspectives, and avoid generalizing for others in the room.
3. Learning: We are a community of learners and we are growing. We take risks and
are courageous, honest, and open with our own stories with faith that we may make
mistakes. We learn when we need to move up and move back, and we know when we
need to pass. We know this work may be difficult and we are curious about discomfort
when it arises. We take responsibility if we are hurt by others' words and use hurt as an
opportunity to learn more about ourselves and each other.
4. Language: We use inclusive and non-gendered language and use each person's
chosen pronouns. We investigate decoloniality language and literacy and interrogate our
own positionality in regards to the words and concepts we use and its impact on others in
the BIPOC community.
5. Trust and Care: We aim to build trusting relationships and know we move at the
speed of trust. We care for ourselves and each other's physical, spiritual and emotional
energy needs.
6. Confidentiality: We honor what others say with confidentiality and integrity, sharing
only with context and in relevance to your own life and learning, not as gossip. What is
said in our meetings stays in our meetings.
What agreements would you like for our time together to make you feel that you can speak honestly and
respectfully?
31
TRC Potential Partners
List created by TRC. Contact information collected by Lois Grace of ThinkPeace.
TRC POTENTIAL PARTNER INDIVIDUALS
• Elizabeth Bernal — cultural liaison for Iowa City schools, founding member of Prairielands Freedom
Fund (see below)
• Manny Galvez— founder and organizer of Iowa City Latino Festival
• Bram Elias —immigration attorney, UI Law Professor
• Peter Gerlach — UI International Studies adjunct assistant professor, Summer Institute Coordinator at
the International Writing Program
• Teresa Stecker— Executive Director of IC Compassion (see below)
• Annie Tucker — Executive Director of Mediation Services of Eastern Iowa
POTENTIAL TRC PARTNER GROUPS
Name of
Contact info/ email
Target
TRC
TRC
Organization/Website/Conta
Population/Services
Approved
Liaison
ct
Provided
Black Voices Project
icblackvoices(aDpmail.c
Amplifying Black voices
❑
Chastity
om
httr)s://www.facebook.com/ic
and culture in the
community.
bvp
Center for Worker Justice of
info(@cwiiowa.ore
Assistance and
❑
Wangui
Eastern Iowa
(319) 594-7593
education to low -wage
httr)s://cwiiowa.org/
workers, including
immigrants
CommUnity Crisis Services
admin@builtbvcommuni
Food bank, clothing
❑
Daphney
tv.org
and Food Bank
vouchers for low
https://builtbycommunity.org
(319)351-2726
income individuals and
households. Mobile
[
crisis services.
Dream City
info@dreamcityia.org
Community building,
❑
Eric
(319)594-1044
https://www.dreamc!tyia.org
youth leadership
programs for children
[
and families.
Great Plains Action Society
contact@greatplainsacti
Indigenous organizers
❑
Sikowis
on.ore
https://www.greatplainsactio
providing
programming to
n.or
educate, empower, and
protect BIPOC
communities.
32
IC Compassion
https://www.iccomr)assion.or
info(@ iccompassion.org
ESL and citizenship
classes, food
assistance, free legal
clinic, immigration
assistance and,
community meals,
refugee counseling
services.
❑
Wangui
(319)330-9883
g(
Inside Out Reentry
Community
httr)s://www.insideoutreentr
hello@ insideoutreentrv.
Support for individuals
involved in the
criminal legal system
❑
Eric
com
(319) 338-7996
v.com/
International Women's Club
of Iowa City
https://Iwciowacity.wordr)res
iowa.iwc@email.com
Social events and
English programs for
women.
❑
UNCLAIMED
s.com
Iowa City Catholic Worker
https://iowacitvcatholicworke
iowacitvcatholicworker
Immigrant and refugee
led community
providing food,
housing, rent
assistance,
accompaniment, and
deportation defense.
❑
Eric
@¢mail.com
(515)729-6482
r.or
Iowa City Free Medical and
Dental Clinic
https://freemedicalclinic.org/
officecoordinator@free
Health care to low
income individuals and
families.
❑
UNCLAIMED
medicalclinic.org
(319)337-4459
Iowa City Mutual Aid
Collective
https://iowamutualaid.ore/io
info@iowacitvmutualaid
Kitchens project, street
medic training
❑
Kevo
com
wa-city-mutual-aid
Iowa Freedom Riders
https,//www.facebook.com/i
iowafreedom riders@am
Community organizing
and mobilization
❑
UNCLAIMED
ail.com
owafreedomrider/
Iowa Jobs for America's
Graduate (iJag)
info@ilag.org (statewide
info email)
Mentoring, school
retention, work
❑
Mohamed
33
https://www.iowacityschools.
(515) 216-3140
(statewide#)
(319) 688-1000 (Iowa
City school district)
resources, skill -building
for 9-12t'grade
students.
ore/academics-programs/iiag
Iowa Legal Aid
InFee eivil legal
;tee.
El
f
Monsoon Asians and Pacific
Islanders in Solidarity
https://monsooniowa.org/
contact anmonsooniowa.
AAPI victims of
gender -based violence
❑
Wangui
org
(319)466-9000
Multicultural Development
info(amdciowa.org
Asa nonprofit, we provide
❑
Chastity
(319)333-0600
Center of Iowa
free community services
httr)s://www.mdciowa.org/
ranging from free STEM
training to mentoring
programs and business
incubation to underserved
communities. Learn more
about our programs and
find a learning location
near you.
Neighborhood Centers of
ncic(@ncic.org
Before and after school
❑
Chastity
Johnson County
(319)354-2886
programs for youth and
https://ncac.org/index.html
family support services.
NISAA African Family
Programs for African
❑
Wangui
Services
contact(@nisaa-afs.org
immigrant and refugee
(319)338-7617
http://nisaa-afs.ortz/
women, particularly
victims of violence and
sexual assault
Path of Hope
info (a path -of-hope.org
Refugee and immigration
❑
UNCLAIMED
(319) 338-5390
https://path-of-hope.org/a
services
bout
Prairielands Freedom Fund
teamC@orairielandsfree
Immigration bonds and
❑
Kevo
domfund.org
(319) 535-2209
httr)s://www.r)rairielandsfre
pretrial bail
edomfund.org/
34
Proteus
info(@proteusinc.net
Health care, education
❑
UNCLAIMED
(800) 372-6031
http://www.proteusinc.net/
assistance, and job
training for agricultural
workers, including migrant
workers.
Shelter House Community
info@shelterhouseiow
Housing, food, healthcare,
❑
Chastity &
a.ore
Shelter & Transition
and case management
Kevo
Services
(319)351-0326
services for unhoused
https://shelterhouseiowa.o
individuals and families
University of Iowa
Afro House:
African American Council,
❑
Wangui &
Diversity Councils
aacc@uiowa.edu
Native American Council,
Kevo
https://diversity.uiowa.edu/
(319)335-8296
Pan Asian Council, Latinx
Council
resources/dei
across -campus
Latino Native
American Cultural
Cultural Centers
Center:
Afro-American Cultural
https://multicultural.uiowa.
Inacc@uiowa.edu
(319) 335-8298
Center, Latino Native
American Cultural Center,
Asian Pacific American
edu/culturalcenters
Asian Pacific American
Cultural Center;
Cultural Center:
affiliations with other
kaynguyen@uiowa.ed
cultural student groups
u
(Black Student Union,
(319)335-2719
Asian American Student
Union, South Asia Student
Pride Alliance Center:
Association, African
pride -alliance -center@
Student Association)
uiowa.edu
International Student
Support and
Engagement:
shuhui-lin@uiowa.edu
(319)335-0335
*Added At 11/4/21 Meeting*
of
Contact info/ email
Target
TRC
TRC
FNe
nization/Website/Con
Population/Services
Approved
Liaison
Provided
35
Forest View Tenants
❑
UNCLAIMED
Association
Iowa City Community
deaner.matt(@iowacity
❑
Wangui/
schools.org
School District (ICCSD)
Mohamed
https://www.iowacityschoo
(Superintendent of
schools)
Is.org
(319)688-1000
ICCSD Equity Advisory
gray.laura@iowacitysc
❑
Wangui/
hools.ore
Committee
Mohamed
httr)s://www.iowacityschoo
(Exec. Director of
Diversity & Cultural
Is.org/Page/1124
Responsiveness)
howard.eric(@iowacity
schools.ore (Director
of Equity & Employee
Relations)
ICCSD Mental Health,
❑
Wangui/
Special Education and
Mohamed
Disability PTO
httr)://autismlowacity.org/i
ccsd-mental-hea Ith-special
education-and-disability-pt
0
https://www.facebook.com
/groups/126384014744976
/
Johnson County Interfaith
info(@becominebelove
❑
Mohamed
dcommunity.org
Coalition
httr)s://organizeiowa.com /
Sudanese Organizations
❑
Wangui
I Heart Black Businesses
https://www.iheartblack.bi
❑
Clif
1
Humanize My Hoodie
aIlies.hmh(@email.co
❑
Sikowis
36
httos://www.humanizemyh
m
(Workshops,
oodie.com/
Trainings,
Appearances,
Facilitated
Conversations about
Race)
humanizemyhoodieU@
gmail.com
(General Inquiries)
United Action for Youth
mickev.hampton(@uni
afterschool teen programs,
❑
Chastity
tedactionforyouth.org
httos://www.unitedactionf
teen parents programs,
orvouth.ore/
(319)338-7518
Coralville Food Pantry
iohn(tcoralvillefoodp
Food insecurity
❑
Chastity
antry.org
httr)s://www.coralvillefood
antr .or
37
Potential Venue Information
ul
Marcus
Library
Wright
Sycamoi
Film
Auditoriu
ICOR
The James
Green
House of
Venue
Englert
Graduat
a
Scene
IMu
m
Boxing
Theater
house
Fashion
Available
Available
Not
Disability
March
available
Filled ou
Film Fest
Mar. 18
20-21
any
a formal
both
and 20:
Available
evenings
evening
request
nights- no
Intl
March 20th
(possibly
Mar 18
(M 18,
on their
rooms
Ball Rm
and 21st
Not
18th)
and 20.
20,21)
website
available
2nd floor
Yes
(Held)
available
100
Depends,
100
80
many
Seating
theater
capacity
S00
rooms
up to S00
216
400
170
Yes.
Yes
Yes
Can put
on stage
pipe and
after
drape for
Space for
event. PIPE
privacy in
Depending
private
and drape
same
on seating
healing
will
room
needs, also 2
circle for
provide
after
Pending,
downstairs
speakers
privacy.
event.
via email
Yes
area
on stage
pending,
Checking on
Yes
Yes
smudging
only
NO
YES
via email
Yes
this
Yes, as long
Yes
Yes
as it's
pre -prepare
NO.
d before
Food brin
IMU
bringing intc
in?
yes
NO
only.
Yes
the event
no
space
$1300
Free
$500/nig
(public
ht
rate) plus
$1050
$330 AV,
(includes
inc Mike
30%
and HH
'partner
Mike,plus
Cost 1
discount'
AV staff Ca
night
to the City
$20/hr
Free?
Free
Cost 2
Free
nights
Translatio
n/supratit
es
TBD
Accessibili
Yes
Yes
Yes
ty - A DA
entrance,
etc.
yes
yes
319
EMAIL
grace@theja
adwrighti
335-3629
ICORBO
mesic.com
8@yahoo
john-cory
XING@C
com
Contact
319 688
@uiowa.e
MAIL.0
info
2653
du
M
John Cory.
Can go on
a walk
Brian
thru w/
Johannsen
staff
Andre
brian@eng
before
Clif
Wright
Contact
lert.org
deciding.
Johnson
Grace Merril
(owner)
rented rented
Notes Expensive chairs noisy chairs chairs
child care
Large entered
event across stage
39
Venue Preparation Notes
Monday, March 18th
Fact Finding
Wright House of Fashion
Setup @ 3pm
Take down @9pm
Walk through; 10am 3/08
• Measurement of space
• Is there a microphone available?
• AN Screen capabilities?
• Can childcare be provided in a separate room?
• Can food be set up in a separate room?
Needs:
I Food Vendor: Subway/Sandwich place; Soda & Water
C Rentals: Chairs #
F Screen
Microphone
F A/V
Wednesday, March 20th
Truth -telling
ICOR Boxing
Setup @ 3pm
Take down @9pm
Needs:
C Food Vendor: Pizza; Soda & Water
I Rental: Pipe and Drape? Length in feet needed for visual privacy:
F- Screen
Microphone
F A/V
Thursday day, March 21st
Truth -telling
The James Theater
Setup @ 3pm
M
Take down @9pm
Needs:
L Food Vendor: Oasis; Soda & Water
I Rental: Pipe and Drape Length in feet needed for visual privacy
FScreen (Rental is $150 for projector & large screen)
Microphone
F A/V
Notes for venue:
20 chairs behind the curtain for the healing circle
4 tables in the entrance for food
1 table in the seated area for paper materials (e.g. program, fact-finding information)
41
Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission Glossary (2023)
Developed by:
Think Peace
Truth and Conciliation Commission
Truth Telling Project
The definitions provided in this glossary are meant to distill complex ideas for public communal
use. Many of the terms have extensive etymologies and layered operationalizations; thus, the
definitions merely provide a common launching pad for discussions germane to Iowa City's TRC
process. Furthermore, this glossary, much like our supplied Toolkit and resource lists, is emergent,
constantly evolving, and being shaped by the practice and work of truth telling and reparations
occuring right now in communities throughout the nation. We continue to create a community of
learners and practitioners between and among others engaged in truth telling processes in order to
build a culture of reparations that leads to reparative justice.
Appropriation -
Critical Race Theory -an array of scholarship rooted in legal studies that examines how the law
upholds, if not advances, white supremacy across institutions and systems. CRT decentralizes
"whiteness" as the norm for the shaping of public policy and public opinion and elevates lived
experiences of racism to better understand prevailing racial oppression.
Decoloniality-The praxis of undoing, unbinding, physical, ideological, economic, and ontological
power dynamics and relationships of external and/or imperial interests from nations, communities,
and peoples once subjugated. Decoloniality "disobeys, and delinks from [the colonial matrix of
power], constructing paths and praxis toward an otherwise of thinking, sensing, believing, doing,
and living" (Mignolo and Walsh loc 194).
Diversity -the quantifiable presence, or lack thereof, of people in different and traditionally
underrepresented legally protected classes such as race, class, sex, disability and religion.
Equity -the allocation of resources and practices that accounts for historic, present and future social
determinants allowing for individuals and communities to best engage in an organization,
institution, or system according to their unique/specific needs.
Equality -purports to provide the same access to resources and experiences regardless of one's
social determinants.
Fact Finding -a formalized civil process of discovering quantitative and qualitative data based on
lived experiences, statements/testimonies of persons participating in truth -telling.
42
Human Dignity - Human dignity is based on the fundamental worth and sanctity of persons that
goes beyond nation states and laws. It is a self -authenticating value rooted in human declarations of
self-worth, claim to rights, entitlement and an urgent matter of justice basis for the fulfillment of
rights, goods, and the articulation of claims as an urgent matter of justice. The primary subject of
justice is human dignity and'reverence towards' as well as 'responsibility for' all humans, the
natural environment and its ecological balance (Ragland, 2012; Reardon, 1995).
Human Rights - Human rights are the political and ethical instruments that work to make the
respect of human dignity possible. Human rights are the vehicle through which the equal moral
worth demanded by human dignity is respected and fulfilled.
Inclusion -intentional means by which diverse people can bring their whole selves into the shaping
of environments and relationships with others.
Justice -the ethical, civil and legal lived practice by which people are treated fair and equitably.
Racial Justice -intentional systemically fair treatment of people regardless of their race
that produces and sustains racially equitable outcomes and opportunities for everyone.
Restorative Justice- is a radical shift from our current system of criminal justice,
which seeks to punish and assign blame, while restorative justice focuses on rebuilding trust and
honoring the human dignity of all people. Restorative practices have deep roots in African American
and Indigenous/First Nation communities. While the retributive system of criminal justice seeks to
apportion blame, stigma and punishment on a perpetrator, a restorative justice logic focuses on
mending the relations broken by violence and abuse, and on the needs of victims and survivors.
Transitional Justice -a body of processes by which communities work to account for and
redress past mass conflicts and abuses in both judicial and nonjudicial manners to amend
for and prevent new violations. The different forms of transitional justice respond to the
universally recognized human right to redress for human rights violations. Victims have a
right to know the facts about the violation they suffered, to receive appropriate reparation
for the harms and to pursue criminal justice against the perpetrators. Also, governments
have the obligation to implement guarantees of non -recurrence, that is institutional reforms
to the institutions that committed the abuses. The forms transitional justice usually takes
include truth commissions, the declassification of governmental archives, the search for
missing persons, programs for reparation, prosecutions, vetting and reform of institutions
like the judiciary and the security forces. These initiatives are typically possible during
moments of political transformation, when a previous abusive regime or violent
confrontation has ended, which is why the concept received the "transitional" qualification,
but there are cases in which these initiatives take place without the scenario of a profound
political change.
Transformative Justice-Transformative Justice (TJ) is a political framework and
approach for responding to violence, harm and abuse. At its most basic, it
43
seeks to respond to violence without creating more violence and/or
engaging in harm reduction to lessen the violence. TJ can be thought of as a way of "making
things right," getting in "right relation," or creating justice together. Transformative justice
responses and interventions 1) do not rely on the state (e.g. police, prisons, the criminal
legal system, I.C.E., foster care system (though some TJ responses do rely on or incorporate
social services like counseling); 2) do not reinforce or perpetuate violence such as
oppressive norms or vigilantism; and most importantly, 3) actively cultivate the things we
know prevent violence such as healing, accountability, resilience, and safety for all involved.
(httos://transformharm.ore/ti resource/transfo-mative-justice-a-brief-description/1
Peacemaking Circle -derived from aboriginal and native ways of being that utilize the praxis of
restorative justice, peacemaking circles counter punitive, victim/victimizer hierarchies and
dynamics in order to resolve conflict and harm. They bring together those who are vested in healing,
support, community building and relationship development. Critical to peacemaking practices is the
intention to focus on one's relationship with community and not about "changing others!
Privilege -signifies the unearned advantages, opportunities, rights, and courtesies extended to a
group or individual but not granted to others. The social and institutional doors that automatically
open for some and not others. Privilege is often inconspicuous to the individual and groups
benefiting from it.
Oppression -structural experience of denied or inequitable access to resources, opportunities,
rights and courtesies extended to others. Oppression manifests as interpersonal, internalized
and/or institutional.
Race -a social construct that categorizes human beings into groups based on perceived
anatomical/biological differences. It is an idea about human difference that is not supported by
scientific evidence, but has significant social, political, economic impact.
Racism -the manifestation of prejudices rooted in the construct of race and operating within or
supported by systemic power; racial prejudices alone does not produce racism. Racism is insidious,
institutionalized and integrally supported by access to power.
Reconciliation -the process and moment by which disputed records are set in alignment and
sacred communal agreement/covenant is restored. Reconciliation can occur at several levels:
political reconciliation may occur between societal elites through pact -making to finalize conflict;
intercommunal reconciliation may take place as communities separated by identity (religion,
language, ethnicity and other markers) agree to find forms of coexistence and recognition of
diversity; interpersonal reconciliation between survivors, bystanders and perpetrators may also be
possible if the parties are so inclined, but it can't be forced and requires the use of mechanisms of
psychosocial support, trauma healing and, in general, restorative justice.
Reparations -the spiritual, social, and economic accountability extended to amend for wrongdoing
and harm. Reparations are the midpoint between truth and reconciliation and full reparations must
include restoration, rehabilitation, compensation, satisfaction and guarantees of non -repeat.
Social Determinants -The environmental and societal conditions, both inherited and constructed,
that impact one's being such as race, gender, economic access, education, age, housing stability, etc.
Survivor- Every natural person who has gone through a violation of their fundamental rights and
carries the physical, emotional and socioeconomic consequences of the violation. In a legal sense, a
survivor is a victim with rights to be made whole again through appropriate redress, which is why
the word "victim" is also used. "Survivor" is used to convey the resilience of victims and their
intention to overcome the notion that they don't have agency.
Truth Commission -A formalized body, either judicial or non -judicial, tasked with discovering,
examining, and revealing past mass civil and/or governmental harms/wrongdoings/human rights
abuses in hopes of rectifying, redressing, reconciling and preventing such abuses in the present and
future.
Truth Telling -truth telling is an authentic, culturally -rooted process of reclaiming one's voice. It is
a process by which individuals are able to record testimonies and impacts about past and current
actions/experiences pertaining to their culture, heritage, individual and communal lives. Truth
telling as a decolonial practice can be seen as a public pedagogy that also addresses historical
harms.
Victim- According to international human rights law, victims are persons who individually or
collectively suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or
substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that constitute gross
violations of international human rights law, or serious violations of international humanitarian law.
Where appropriate, and in accordance with domestic law, the term "victim" also includes the
immediate family or dependants of the direct victim and persons who have suffered harm in
intervening to assist victims in distress or to prevent victimization. The condition of being
recognized as a victim does not depend on the perpetrator being identified, apprehended,
prosecuted or convicted.
White Supremacy -a psychological, ideological, political, and economic construct and system based
upon the perceived superiority of those identifiably white. It is a construct that centers and
prioritizes the identity, positions, and experiences of those understood as white while
simultaneously ignoring, denigrating and/or exploiting the identities, positions, and experience of
those who are not understood as white.
Witness -one who listens to, reflects upon and honors the testimonies/statements in the process of
truth telling.
45
Resources:
George, Janel. A Lesson on Critical Race Theory." Human Rights Magazine. 46.2 Civil Rights
Reimagining Policing. American Bar Association (website) 2021.
httos://www.aiiiericanbar.or2/2rouns/crsj/publications/human ri ht� s magazine home/civil-right
s-reimagining-policing /a -lesson -on -critical -race -theory/
Gonzalez, Eduardo and Howard Varney, eds., "Chapter 2: What are Truth Commissions?" Truth
Seeking: Elements of Creating an Effective Truth Commission. Brasilia: Amnesty
Commission of the Ministry of Justice of Brazil; New York: International Center for
Transitional Justice 2013.
https: //WW'A.icti.ory/sites /default/files /ICTI-Book-Truth-Seeking-Chal)ter2-2013-Eni4lish.i)df
Oakland Unified School District. "Peacemaking Circles:' (website)
https: //www.ousd.org/cros/libO7/CA01001176/Centricity/Domain/97/PeaceiiiakingCircles.pdf
OHCHR: Transitional Justice and Human Rights. United Nations (website)
https: //www.ohchror2/en/transitional-justice#:--:text=Transitional%20iustice%20aims%20to%2
0provide,the%20prevention%2 Oof%2 Onew%2Oviolations
Rose, Stephany. Recovering from Racism: A Guidebook to Beginning Conversations.
For Our Children's Children Enterprises. 2015.
https: //www.amazon.com /Recovering-Racism-Guidebook-Beginning-Conversations-ebook/dp/BO
15MEI2YE
Think Peace 0
TH i HE• PRUEEi
Steps to Prepare for Truth Telling Hearings / Healing Circles events
1. Engage in publicity through website and social media
a. Press release directed to the formal print media, audiovisual, new media.
b. Potential language for a press release (adapt, correct or change as required): "Truth and
Reconciliation Commission to hold Community Encounters on fact-finding, truth -telling, and
racial healing"
The Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission is announcing a major point of
accomplishment called for by Resolution 20-228. March 14th will be a virtual offering of facts
found related to racial injustice, followed by an in -person facilitated fact-finding engagement on
March 18th.
March 20th and 21 st will be the Truth Telling Hearings and Healing Circles. If you are interested
in witnessing, please show up early and commit to staying for the duration: 5:30pm-9:30pm CT.
This will help support Truth Tellers who have experienced racial injustice and violence. It is vital
to keep disruptions to a minimum to honor the sharing of hard truths.
After the close of the public Truth -Telling Hearings at 9:30pm, the Native Partners and Healing
Partners will hold a private space for Truth Tellers, their support people, and select witnesses to
the truth.
2. Organize three different groups of commissioners for outreach to Truth Tellers
As agreed by the TRC, small commissioner groups (3-4 commissioners each) do not constitute
a quorum and therefore a formal TRC meeting, facilitating informal outreach to explore
availability of truth tellers.
3. Identify Truth Tellers and ask questions
a. Identify local organizations, community groups and associations (formal and informal), and
school groups and associations (formal and informal) involved in social justice issues;
These might include: churches, civic associations, business associations, school groups, non
profits, health organizations, mutual aid groups of formerly
incarcerated people, social / racial / restorative / transformative justice /
abolitionist activists (individuals and groups), etc;
b. Reach out to leaders and members of the identified organizations, groups, and associations,
seeking those who might consider speaking on issues related to the commission's focus;
c. Seek to include Truth Tellers reflecting the diversity of the community vis a vis race, ethnicity,
gender, sexuality, religion and other aspects covering the multifaceted cultural and social
outlook of Iowa City;
d. It is recommended to ask for at least 1 reference from the community for prospective truth
tellers (in practice this may mean that individuals will have the support of neighbors, their
community or their associations);
e. Schedule a time for a brief, preparatory meeting to initiate and establish relationship: explain
what the TRC is, learn about the testimony a potential Truth Teller might give.
Potential questions to help organize/clarify a narrative (for this first round of truth teller
47
hearings):
1. What has been your experience with police / law enforcement?
2. Can you identify positive aspects of that interaction?
3. Can you identify negative aspects of that interaction?
4. If something negative happened, did anyone intervene on your behalf?
5. What kind of support would you have wanted?
6. Were you harmed as a result of that interaction? Please describe the harms that were
inflicted.
7. What would you need to experience harm repair?
8. In the context of interactions with police/ law enforcement what would racial justice
look like for you?
f. The commissioner groups will make recommendations to the TRC about the truth tellers to
invite, taking into account how illustrative, pedagogical, eloquent the narrative is, and ensuring
that the truth teller is fully committed to participate and they have support to engage in the
process (i.e. they are supported by family and friends, or their community or association, church
fellow congregants, etc.)
g. Decide the list of invited truth tellers and contact them formally as the TRC to ascertain their
continued willingness to participate. Encourage truth tellers to identify a person who will support
them and accompany them during their participation in the hearing.
4. Set up a care element for potential Truth Tellers and Witnesses (healing circles, MH
professional, nurse if necessary/possible, etc.).
a. Refer to the `Preparation for Truth Tellers" section of the "Trauma -Informed Truth Telling &
Witnessing Protocol (middle of p. 7)
b. From the "Trauma -Informed Truth Telling & Witnessing Protocol' (p. 10):
i. Account for the needs of those bearing witness by providing tissues on the table and
slips of paper and pens if they want to make a note of
something that was said or keep track of a thought or question to discuss later;
ii. Provide water so that those witnessing trauma may stay hydrated to mitigate the
negative physiological and emotional impacts of stress on the nervous system;
iii. Take the opportunity in preparing witnesses to watch just a few or several videos from
The Truth Telling Project website. Visit TheTruthTellingProject.org/ITTL to find recordings
and hear from our truth tellers.
Community Encounters for Truth and Reconciliation
Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
i. Definition and linkage to the legal mandate
The TRC will organize three Community Encounters for Truth and Reconciliation during 2024.
The Encounters are opportunities for a necessary and transformational dialogue on racial
injustice in our midst: their impact will be a direct reflection on accurate information, a
willingness to share experiences and the creation of a healing environment.
IM
Each Community Encounter will be a set of sessions of the TRC covering each of the
components of its TRC work in an integrated manner (Resolution 20-228 art 11):
(a) Fact-finding, focused on the evidence we have about the multiple manifestations of racial
injustice in our community;
(b) Truth -seeking, to initiate constructive dialogue about community stories and experiences
about racial injustice;
(c) Reconciliation, to co -create a healing environment that honors personal and collective
experiences, addresses pain and trauma, and facilitates next steps of reparative systems change
and transformation.
From a thematic perspective, we have prioritized three aspects in which we believe racial
injustice manifests itself in our community: law enforcement and safety, economic
development, and education (Res 20-228, art 11C). We acknowledge that many other facets of
historical and structural injustice exist, including, for example, in the areas of housing and
health care. To build a strong foundation for future work, we will start with the three aspects
mentioned.
This document is primarily focused on the first of these Encounters, to be held in several
sessions, from March 14 to 21, 2024.
The fact-finding component of this exercise will include a presentation by Kearns and West
(currently scheduled for Thursday, March 14th) of the complete data set collected on public
safety and criminal justice. It will be followed by a facilitated exercise for the TRC on Monday,
March i8th, at which time TRC Commissioners will work with facilitators on consensus
(preliminary) conclusions regarding the data presented. Specifically, the TRC will be asked to
consider the extent to which the data reveal racial injustice in the Iowa City community and how
to verify those hypotheses at truth -telling sessions.
The truth -telling and dialogue component, facilitated by Think Peace, will consist of testimonial
and dialogical sessions on March loth and 21St (the') between members of the community
sharing their experiences, positive and negative, regarding public safety and criminal justice.
Specifically, participants will have an opportunity to indicate how racial injustice impacts
concrete communities and individuals, and to reflect on what is needed to transform these
conditions.
The Native Partners and Healing Partners are responsible for processes related to
reconciliation. Reconciliation is addressed in the third charge of the TRC in City Council
Resolution 20-228, article 11. In addition to those charges, the TRC (and Native
Partners/Healing Partners) are responsible for providing spaces and processes which create
healing environments that honor the personal and collective experiences, and addresses the
pain and trauma of the original experience, as well as any additional trauma that may emerge
from sharing stories. The Native Partners will facilitate a healing circle to be conducted after
each of the truth -telling sessions.
2. Some Key Definitions on Reconciliation
Reconciliation is probably the most important concept in the work of the TRC. It figures
prominently in its legal mandate and is the underlying motivation for the entire exercise. At the
same time, it is an extremely ambitious objective, so we need to be constantly reminded of how
it is defined in the founding Resolution and in our ongoing work.
The following are a few key reflections:
Reconciliation The TRC shall: 1) Provide opportunity for and facilitate direct conversation
among and between community members of color, white community members and
representatives of various sectors in which people of color experience discrimination and
injustice (e.g. police and protesters, landlords and tenants, students and teachers, patients and
health care providers, business owners and staff); 2) Create a replicable model that provides a
structure for enabling these conversations throughout the city; 3) Make available opportunities
for a broad cross section of the community to learn about discrimination and racial injustice in
our community; and, 4) Identify and recommend to the City Council institutional and policy
reforms, new social practices, expectations, protocols, habits, rituals, conversations and
celebrations that will move Iowa City toward a shared experience of race and difference, justice
and equity and community and harmony. (From City Council Resolutions 20-228, Article 11.)
Reconciliation involves a coming to agreement about truth. Consequently, engaging
in TRC-likened truth -telling processes in the U.S. supports opportunities for the oppressed and
the oppressors to come to agreement about the `original sins" and the perpetual harms of those
sins, i.e., theft of life, liberty and land, Jim Crow, redlining, gentrification, police violence and
other forms of structural racism. Along those same lines, truth -telling processes involve a
coming to agreement about ways to support healing and repair related to the consequences of
those harms. (From "Ten Lessons We Learned About Truth and Reconciliation" by The Truth
Telling Project, [David Ragland, Melinda Salazar, Imam Michelle Scott, Eduardo Gonzalez and
Arthur Romano], July 30, 2020.)
Healing Circles: The Native Partners will be offering Healing Circles as the reconciliation
process/space to the commission and community. Healing Circles provide a process and create
a space where harm can be shared, heard by others, and the community can move toward
coming to agreement about truth. Healing Circles also provide an opportunity to deal with, and
heal from, trauma and pain for those harmed and those hearing/Witnessing the expression of
harm. Healing or talking circles can also provide a process for coming to agreement about ways
to support healing and repair related to the consequences of those harms. Circles can also be a
process for learning and for generating recommendations for the City Council. Circles are a
replicable model for all of these conversations.
Circles and Trauma and Pain: Speaking truth or hearing it can trigger trauma and pain in
the speakers and listeners. The Native Partners provide Healing Circles to provide a safer space
for people to speak their truths and/or to sit in circles as a healing and restorative process.
People exiting community Healing Circles held in Iowa City reported they felt calmer and more
connected to themselves and others, and not judged.
Circles can intervene on effects of trauma. Circles, and the use of a talking piece, can
intervene on two possible outcomes of trauma. One possible outcome of trauma is
disempowerment: a person feels disempowered because they were not able to prevent the
trauma. In a healing circle or talking circle using a talking stick, the talking stick is passed
around the circle and when it reaches each person, they have the choice of speaking — saying
whatever they decide to share or not share — or passing, not speaking at all. In that moment, a
50
person has full choice, they are empowered to do what they choose. This intervenes on their
(potential) disempowerment due to trauma.
Another possible outcome of trauma is feeling disconnected: from the person/people that
harmed you, potentially somewhat disconnected from life in general, and potentially
disconnected from parts of yourself. In a circle, when the talking piece is passed, and others
speak, it is possible to feel connected to a speaker, whether you know them or not. In this way, a
talking piece in a circle can intervene on trauma -induced disconnection.
Native Partner T Medina has shared the following to convey more specifically hory Healing
Circles work:
When I was last in Iowa City, and I conducted a Talking Circle on "Fatherhood/Motherhood Is
Sacred", that was the "topic" of The Circle. As the "Facilitator" I talked about how
fatherhood/motherhood is sacred. A "way of life" means walking that way of life.
There were many who shed tears, the start of healing their spirit and heart. Many- relatives carry
feelings and emotions inside that come out in a good way, where the Circle is a place of equality
and safety. All about Respect and Compassion for the relatives. When we ended the Circle,
instead of hand shakes there were big hugs all around. Powerful.
During any "Circle," in order to learn something and become Teachable, you have to Listen, not
just with your ears, but with your eyes, your heart, and your spirit, observing the body language
of those in the Circle. The tears that come out are cleansing their Spirit and Soul of the person.
Conflict in Circle: If the TRC calls for a Circle, there will be a "reason why" they would want a
Circle, there could be conflict, disagreements, lack of communication or lack of respect, talking
behind someone's back ("backstabbing").
The facilitator would Speak first and express themselves, then the relatives in the Circle would
have time to express themselves. I feel it is important to have a Talking Stick, only one is
needed. One of the ground rules of the Circle is whoever has the Talking Stick has the floor. No
one speaks until after they have listened, and if there is a response or a clarification, that person
would ask for the Talking Stick.
When you end the Circle, the Talking Stick would go around one more time so that everyone in
the Circle would have the opportunity to Express themselves and/or give thanks. You could end
it with everyone going around and shaking hands, hugging, etc.
3. Objectives
The Encounters seek to "...stimulate difficult conversations, reach and engage a full cross
section of the community including those in the community not inclined or resistant to
engagement" (Resolution 20-228, 7). To do so, they will combine different forms of knowledge
and wisdom, namely evidence, testimony, and ritual.
Specifically, the Encounters will (see Resolution 20-228, article ii):
(a) Present evidence related to law enforcement and safety, economic development and
education to exchange informed opinion, assess our challenges, and envision transformation.
51
(b) Hear testimony from community Truth Tellers, listening to actual individual experiences
from our neighbors, and inviting an exchange of views between our communities and decision
makers.
(c) Provide a safe and healing space for the community to present their experiences and
opinions in good faith, with acceptance and recognition.
Each of the Encounters will be faithfully recorded and synthesized in order to provide materials
for the TRC report to the City Council at the end of our tenure. Also, the testimonies and
dialogues received will be carefully organized to be the first stone of a city repository of
testimony. What we will hear and reflect on during these sessions will help the Commissioners
to formulate recommendations to the City on how to take effective, transformational action
against injustice (Resolution 20-228, art 14). Also, the truth -telling events will have all the
guarantees necessary for persons or institutions who feel adversely mentioned to engage in
constructive dialogue.
The goal of the first fact-finding portion of the culminating event on March 14th will be to
present data in full to allow for Commissioners to understand it fully, ask clarifying questions,
and perhaps offer some thoughts about how the data should be presented in a final report. For
the facilitated session on the i8th, the goal will be to reach consensus on what the data reveal
related to racial injustice in Iowa City, as well as to agree on prompts to offer to attendees at
truth -telling events as they offer testimony on this topic.
The Native Partners/Healing Partners will provide Healing Circles for Truth Tellers and their
support people after the truth -telling. It will be a space for hearing them, and an opportunity for
them to continue their healing from the traumas of their experiences and from any potential
retraumatization in telling about them.
4. Components - What will the event look like? How will its activities relate to the
different parts of the mandate? How will those parts be integrated and feed into
each other?
On March 18th, Commissioners will work with facilitators to formulate preliminary conclusions
about the evidence presented to them and agree on questions to offer to participants at truth
telling events that they can choose to use for prompts. The idea is for TRC Commissioners to use
data shared during fact-finding sessions as a hypothesis for truth related to this topic, which can
be bolstered by, and/or contradicted by, testimony during truth -telling.
On March loth, there will be truth -telling around the topic of law enforcement and safety.
During the truth -telling event (TT), there could be a circle of 4-6 people who have been
previously invited to share their views and experiences, followed by a discussion amongst the
group. For example, the composition of these 4-6 people could include:
• 1-3 community member(s) who may have been either mistreated by police or experienced a
situation that was escalated instead of de-escalated or where there was an absence of restorative
processes in the wake of harm;
• t Councilmember who is active on the topic of law enforcement and public safety; • t City
government official who can speak to the topic; and,
• t retired or active law enforcement member.
These individuals would have around io minutes to share one experience meaningfully, gently
52
guided by prompting questions (e.g., "What have been any positive and/or negative experiences
with law enforcement?"). These questions can be asked by either TRC Commissioners or David
Ragland and Melinda Salazar from Think Peace, or a combination of both.
At the conclusion of individual sharing, there could be a facilitated dialogue for 30 minutes to
promote — among the group members and TRC members — discussion, clarification, or possible
solutions to mitigate harm in the future. During the dialogue, David Ragland and Melinda
Salazar will support the conversation by encouraging constructive engagement around topics
that emerge during the initial truth -telling. Some example questions could include, "What is
your perspective as a City Councilmember about how these could be improved?" or "What do
you think law enforcement would be receptive to in preventing this harm from happening
again?". The TRC Commissioners are welcome to lead, support, or Witness this and any part of
the process as Think Peace is in attendance to guide.
As described above, a Healing Circle will be offered after the truth -telling event to those who
speak at the truth -telling event, and their support people. It will be a space where they can share
any aspect of the original experience(s) shared as well as what has been activated by the sharing
and anything else. There will be multiple rounds using a talking piece, providing opportunities
for those in the circle to continue to move toward healing. It is possible that the Native Partners
will incite others to the Circle.
5. Participants - Who will participate (TRC, City officials, general public, Truth
Tellers and experts, other guests, etc)? What role will each participant have? How
will meeting rules apply?
The fact-finding portion of the event is designed for TRC Commissioners.
Regarding the Truth Telling event, the participants will include TRC Commissioners, "Truth
Tellers," and "Witnesses." Details which outline how Truth Tellers and Witnesses are defined
can be found in the "Trauma -informed Truth -Telling & Witnessing Protocol" delivered during
the January 4, 2024 TRC meeting as part of Think Peace's contract. The document is attached
to this Concept Note as an Addendum.
• TRC Commissioners: The role of TRC Commissioners is found on page 6 in the
"Trauma -informed Truth -Telling & Witnessing Protocol" presented at the January 4, 2024 TRC
Meeting.
• Truth Tellers (e.g., those selected to share their truth and will likely comprise of the general
public, City officials, and law enforcement): The background of Truth Tellers is found on page
5, selection of Truth Tellers is covered on page 6, discussion around preparing Truth Tellers is
found on page 7, along with notes on conducting testimony and sample questions for
preparatory meetings are found on page 8.
• Witnesses: The role of Witnesses and global and US -specific samples, found on pages 8-11,
are provided to demonstrate -visually how various Truth Telling events have been structured in
the past. It's important to note that TRC Commissioners will also serve as Witnesses.
David Ragland and Melinda Salazar have extensive experiences with Truth Telling and will be in
person to provide facilitated guidance to the degree desired by the Commission. Their role could
be asking all of the supportive questions during the individual sharing component AND guiding
all of the facilitated dialogue for the group discussion. Or, it could mean they play a smaller,
supportive role whereby the Commissioners lead with questions during the individual sharing
53
and facilitated group conversation
The Native Partners will provide the Healing Circle for the Truth Tellers and their support
people in a private space where smudging can occur. This is not a public event. It may be that
the Native Partners invite some members of the community who were at the Truth Telling event
and were moved. This may include Commissioners or City Council people. That will be up to the
Native Partners at that time.
As for the healing of the members of the public/the community, including Commissioners, who
may experience secondary trauma as listeners and Witnesses at the truth -telling event, the
Native Partners will offer invocation and support at the beginning and closing of the truth
telling events.
6. Tasks - What are the tasks from here to the event to ensure its realization? What
is the timeline?
Regarding Fact -Finding, Facilitation Team members from Kearns & West are working to fulfill
research requests made by the TRC at their February ist meeting and prepare a comprehensive
report and presentation for the TRC's review prior to and at their March 14th meeting. The
Facilitation Team will also provide draft questions that the TRC could utilize, modify, or discard
for Truth -Telling events.
The preparatory work in advance of Truth Telling is vitally important to ensure the right people
are at the gathering and that those people have been adequately prepared before their truth
telling experience. The key elements of the process include: 1) Identification of Truth Tellers; 2)
Formal Invitation of Truth Tellers; 3) Support - prior to and during the Truth Telling
experience; and 4) Follow up after the Truth Telling experience.
1) Identification needs to happen as soon as possible, as there is a significant discernment
process to determine if there is a best mixture of perspectives or experiences to be shared
during TT.
During this phase, TRC Commissioners will:
A) Reach out to people who may have an experience they'd like to share regarding a racial
injustice connected to law enforcement, as that is the first topic for dialogue.
B) During outreach, the TRC Commissioners share what the TT event will look like and its
purpose according to Resolution 20-228.
C) Commissioners will ask potential Truth Tellers if they want to participate at the public event
with their story, affirming their consent to be recorded.
Outreach should begin soon, in particular within the law enforcement community (e.g., former
judge/prosecutor/parole officer/social worker connected to law enforcement/police -
active/retired) as these may be harder to find.
2) Formal Invitation happens in written form after outreach has identified 4-6 individuals
who would provide a well-rounded perspective of various experiences. During this stage, there
should be another conversation with participants to ask about their needs for support in
advance, during, and after the TT experience.
a) Recommendations:
54
i) Commissioners will read the document provided by TP: Trauma
Informed Truth -Telling and Witnessing Protocol before any initial
interviews with community members/potential Truth Tellers.
ii) When Commissioners are conveying information about the TT events, they will also let
speakers know about the Healing Circles being offered to them: its time and location, how it
works, and encourage them and their support people to attend. Contact information for the
Healing Partners
will be provided, so any questions can be addressed.
3) Support will at the very least consist of selected individuals bringing a peer to be with them
during the TT dialogue, as well as the supportive presence of Commissioners and facilitators.
Ask if there are other needs that they may have, including accessibility needs, to be supported
before and during the experience. This stage also allows their questions to be answered by TRC
members and/or facilitation team to allay fears.
4) Follow-up involves TRC members checking in one week and one month after the TT event.
During these check -ins, TRC Commissioners could ask prompting questions (e.g., "Do you have
anything to add to what you presented?" "What feedback could improve this in the future?"
"What did you want to say but didn't or felt you couldn't?"). Listen for any recommendations to
incorporate in the future. Share with these individuals ways they could stay involved with the
ongoing work of the TRC (e.g., attend meetings, attend future events, or others).
7. Recommendations:
1. Commissioners will read the document provided by TP: Trauma -Informed Truth -Telling and
Witnessing Protocol before any initial interviews with community
members/potential Truth Tellers. Any clarification or discussion can be organized with the
plenary of Commissioners or individual members.
2. When Commissioners are conveying information about the TT events, they will also let
speakers know about the Healing Circles being offered to them: its time and location, how it
works, and encourage them and their support people to attend. Contact information for the
Healing Partners will be provided, so any questions can be addressed.
8. Resources - What will be the resources needed? (Venue, materials, sound, light,
recording, services such as transportation, medical or psychosocial support,
security, etc., as appropriate)
For the Truth Telling portion of the Community Encounters, there are various logistics needs
required:
• Quality recording
• Good lighting
• Plants or flowers in entry and/or in room
• Backdrop printed with logo of Commission and name of event (e.g, "Community Encounters
for Truth & Reconciliation: Iowa City") to be placed behind Commission would be beneficial,
though not absolutely necessary-
• Expressive therapeutic materials, such as newsprint on a wall, paper at table, colored markers
• Transcript of the conversations (e.g., transcription software and a short-term hire to review
55
and edit for accuracy) to be documented and can be utilized with Fact Finding • Mobile crisis
counselors, at least two available who are representative of BIPOC community members
• Separate quiet or private space for use if individuals or small groups utilize mobile crisis
counselor(s) before, during, or after TT
• Ambulance available
• Any street closures or parking notices, depending on if that's required by the location •
Building space which allows for Commissioners and facilitators (e.g., David Ragland and
Melinda Salazar) to sit in a circle shape with Truth Tellers
• Communications outreach — press release, media conference, media invitations for the TT
event.
• Dinner to feed 50 people
Location
Fact-finding will take place on the 14th at City Hall and the i8th at the Senior Center.
Think Peace will hold two days of Truth Telling on March 20 and 21 (tbe), supported by Native
Partners who will offer the opening and closing of the event, as well as Healing Circles after the
TT portion has closed. Think Peace can host the TT events in a variety of locations, including:
City Hall, university campus, public library, or another community space frequented by the
general public.
The Native/HealingPartners will hold the Healing Circle as a form to process, debrief, and heal
from the discussions held during the Truth Telling.
For the Healing Circle part of the Community Encounter, there are various logistics required:
• A space large enough for the Native/Healing Partners and speakers, their support people, and
perhaps others to sit in Circle.
• The space needs to be one of comfort to BIPOC community members.
• The space needs to be secure and provide privacy.
• The space needs to allow smudging.
• Dinner to feed 20-30 people.
Potential Questions:
• (Opening) Thank you for your courage and commitment.
• (Round 1, could go around more than once) How are you feeling now that you have shared
your truth?
• (Round 2, could go around more than once) What would be helpful for you and what do you
need to support you in your healing?
• (Round 3, could go around more than once) What intention do you have for your truth
telling?
• (Round X) What do you think would be helpful in future TT events?
Run of Show
Chronologic script of activities detailing each part of the process, use of time, role of
56
participants
Think Peace - Truth -telling draft schedule (Mar 20. 202,4)
K&W - Fact-finding will occur on the 14th and i8th as described above
Native/Healing Partners -
1. Room and food will be arranged in February.
2. Day of. Native/Healing partners will set up space so it is ready a half hour before expected
start time.
3. Native/Healing partners will be on site a half hour before expected start time, to welcome any
participants who come early.
4. Native/Healing partners will restore the room to its original condition after all the
participants have left.
5. Native/Healing partners will sit together in Circle to debrief and smudge.
57
Truth -Telling
The following subsection contains documents centered on Truth -telling aspects of the TRC.
58
Think Peace * " N*
TN ]ITH TLLLiNG PRGIECT
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
Trauma -Informed Truth Telling and Witnessing Protocol
Adapted from The Truth Telling Project Working with Witnesses Document
By Melinda Salazar, Leo Hylton, David Ragland, and Eduardo Gonzalez
Prepared for the IoNva City Truth & Reconciliation Commission
January, 2024
59
Table of Contents
TOPIC
PAGE
Background
2
Introduction to Truth Telling in the U.S.
2
What is a Truth Teller?
5
What is a Trauma -Informed Approach to Truth Telling?
5
What is the Role of a TRC Commissioner in Truth Telling?
6
How Are Truth Tellers Chosen?
6
Preparation for Truth Tellers
7
Notes on Conducting Testimony
8
Examples of Questions for Pre -Meetings and Listening Posts
8
Who is a Witness?
9
What is the Role of a Witness?
10
What is Authentic or Radical Listening?
12
Post Truth Telling
12
Resources
13
Appendix A - TTP Community Agreements
14
WE
Background
The tern "testimony" is the English translation of the Spanish language expression testimonios which
originated in Latin America in the 1970s as a means of sharing spoken accounts of oppression. A
testimony is told in the first person by a narrator who is the individual directly involved in, or is a
witness of, events or experiences of mistreatment and who seeks empowerment through giving voice to
those events or experiences to active listeners. These listeners are referred to as "witnesses," who act on
behalf of the narrator to bring broader awareness to these accounts and achieve justice and repair from
harm.
Historically, the origins of "giving testimony" are situated in a liberatory learning framework and
contribute to building a communication bridge of solidarity between and amongst other individuals
and groups who are marginalized. The collective goal of testimony is to name oppression and to bring
it to an end, whether as genocide, racism, classism, xenophobia, or any other type of institutionalized
rnarginalization. Testimony further demands justice for all crimes against humanity (K. Blackmer
Reyes, J.E. Curry Rodriguez, 2012).
The terms "testimonial," "narrative," and "testimony" are recognized by the Library of Congress and
are used interchangeably in scholarship and in practice. The study and use of testimonial accounts have
been used in academic settings since the publication of The Pedagogy of the Oppressed in 1970 by
Brazilian popular education scholar and practitioner, Paulo Freire. Use of testimonial accounts has
moved from the periphery in academia to mainstream educational research in the classroom as a way to
give voice to the lives of those who experience war, violence, and displacement, and to serve as a tool to
hear the individual points of view of people who are marginalized as a result of race, gender, class, and
sexuality discrimination.
While the use of testimonials in Truth & Reconciliation Commissions are well documented elsewhere
and were presented to the Iowa City TRC Commissioners by Think Peace partner, Eduardo Gonzalez,
the focus of this document is to draw from our experiences in the United States.
Introduction to Truth Telling in the U.S.
The Beloved Community of Greensboro, NC, drew upon this testimony approach to tell the story of
the 1979 Greensboro Massacre. Five people were murdered, ten people were wounded, and four
women and one man were widowed by members of the American Nazi Party and the Ku Klux
61
Klan —some of whom were employed as Greensboro police. In 2004, for the first time in the United
States, a formal Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was founded. The Greensboro Truth
and Community Reconciliation Project (GTCRP) launched a democratic process that engaged the
community in nominating and selecting seven members to serve on the Commission.' The TRC
sought to examine the racialized conditions leading up to the Massacre,' the organizing of Black
activists and grassroots organizers rising up in response to increasing inequalities in the Jim Crow
South; and resistance from white supremacists. The TRC was also tasked with making
recommendations for community healing around the denial of this tragedy in Greensboro, NC.
After the August 9, 2014 murder of Michael Brown Jr. by Officer Darren Wilson, people from the
local community protested on the streets of Ferguson and St. Louis, MO for months, along with peace
educators, peace studies scholars, families of those who also experienced police violence, community
organizers, and activists. Two individuals who participated in the uprising, Dave Ragland and Cori
Bush, sought out the expertise of practitioners from South Africa, Peru, and Greensboro, NC, to learn
how to create a truth telling process to seek the truth about Michael Brown's murder, and to provide a
space for others in this nation who had been brutalized by police violence. Drawing from these truth
seeking events and experiences and applying a Black Liberatory lens, The Truth Telling Project of
Ferguson was founded for the specific purpose of supporting and implementing grassroots,
community -centered truth telling processes to achieve Black liberation and BIPOC solidarity by
amplifying traditionally silenced and disenfranchised voices, and of abolishing white supremacy. Some
anticipated goals of these truth telling hearings included: 1. to create a sacred and safe public space for
people to come forth to express their anger and outrage about state -sanctioned police violence; 2. to
amplify personal, first-hand accounts of people's experience with police brutality; 3. to contribute to
healing individual and communal trauma from police violence and the loss of loved ones; 4. to stand in
solidarity with other communities that have experienced state -sanctioned oppression: 5. to use
Restorative Justice principles to create a Truth and Reconciliation process to address this nation's racial
divide and repair past harms.
The Truth Telling Project (TTP) held a series of Truth Hearings in St. Louis, inviting individuals and
family members who experienced direct or indirect police brutality to share testimony that would be
witnessed by members of the community. While many of those who shared testimony were local, many
' Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report - httos://greensborotreorP/
' Not unlike most urban communities, racialized conditions included: social inequalities, manifestations of racism, poor
housing, and inadequate education and public services for the Black residents of Greensboro.
a The most notable and historic events are the public "Sit -In" demonstrations held at Woolworth's and Kress department
stores, where Black students, known as the "Greensboro Four," refused to leave the "White Only" lunch counter after
being refused set -vice.
62
others came from around the U.S. and also shared their story. These testimonial accounts are
documented on The Truth Telling Project website, on an online educators resource called "It's Time
to Listen,"" and housed at the StoryCor�2s Archive in the U.S. Library of Congress.
The story of the original The Truth Telling Project is well documented in books, academic papers,
courses in Higher Education, national presentations, podcasts and social media; this documentation
also includes TTP's evolution to include education about building a culture for reparations, rooting a
reparations movement of faith -based communities and ethically -oriented organizations that is rapidly
growing, and contributing to organizations working on black liberation, in the areas of transitional and
reparative justice.' The purpose of this document is to provide clear definition, context, and action
steps about a trauma -informed approach to truth telling and witnessing testimony.
After the murder of George Floyd, a national movement strengthened demands for accountability and
historical justice, and many cities and states started using the instruments of truth -telling and
reparation in the form of local truth and reconciliation commissions and programs for economic
empowerment. Over 70 local initiatives now exist across the United States, some established by State
governors or legislatures and some by city nrayors or city councils. Soon notable examples include The
Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the California Truth & Healm
`The site holds testimonies as well as a Discussion & Activity Guide for each, i.e., Mike Brown Sr. -
https//itstimetolistenorwpcomstaa„ing.com/780-2/
56 Bush, C., Ragland, D., S Salazar, M. (2017). "in Truth and Reconciliation, First Things First —The Truth"
(Magazine article).
hhtt s://www.N,csniagazine.c)rg/social-justice/201-/O8/16/hh-truth-and-reconciliation-first-things-first-the-truth
• Davis, Angela (2016). Freedom is a Constant Struggle, Haymarket Books
• Freeman-Woolpert, S (2020). "How Black -led resistance movements are paving the way for reparations" (News
Q&A). httos://wa ignononviolenee.org/2020/09h�eparations-truth-tellingI)roiect-david-ragluad/
• Nagy, R. (2020) "Settler Witnessing at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
• Ragland, D. (2018). "Radical Truth Telling from the Ferguson Uprising: An Educational Intervention to Shift
the Narrative, Build Political Efficacy, Claim Power, and Transform Communities" (Book chapter).
ht, tt s://onlinelibrarywilev.coin/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118966709.ch26
• Ragland, D. (2020). "Truth-Telhng in aTime of Polarization" (Keynote).
h�tt sr//www.peaccjusticestudies.org/video/keynote-davit-raaland-truth-tellineg-in-a-time-of-polarization-2020-g
isa-conference/
• Rizk, E. (2015). "Dialogue Project Founders Tackle Police Brutality" (College news article).
lops://rhehoya.cona/dialogue-pro ect-+i),mders-tackle-Pnlice-hrntalinY
• Scott, 1. (2016). "The Ferguson Truth Initiative: Building on the Legacies of South Africa and Greensboro"
(blog).httos://vwwchuUost.com/enn3L/the-feiguson-truth-initia b 8512156
• Segalovidh, I. -(graphic art) - httus:/hvww.isasegalovich.coui/trutli-tellin -pg roiect
63
Council, as well as the Asheville, NC Community Reparations Commission and the recent New York
State Community Commission on Reparations Remedies. Iowa City is part of this historic
development.
This groundswell of activity is creating a critical mass of knowledge and restorative justice practice.
Still, no country -wide truth -telling initiative has succeeded yet, as proposals for a Truth, Racial Healing
and Transformation Commission and a bill to establish a study group on reparations (H.R.40) have
not gathered enough support in Washington, DC. However, it is possible that the emergence of truth
and reparation processes around the country will change patterns of passivity and inaction, and that
the power of testimony will contribute to transforming our society.
What is a Truth Teller?
A Truth Teller is someone who:
Is directly involved or is a witness of events or experiences of mistreatment related to a
particular focus;
• Seeks empowerment through giving voice to those events or experiences to active listeners;
• Desires to come forth to tell his/her/their story and who Truth and Reconciliation
Commissioners have reviewed as credible, i.e. via news story from reputable source, witnesses, or other
forms of documentation; and/or
May represent a community, neighborhood, street, school, local business, etc.
What is a Trauma -Informed Approach to Truth Telling?
An understanding of trauma, multigenerational trauma, re -traumatization in the truth telling process
and how it impacts giving and witnessing testimony, as well as how to create spaces that are culturally
sensitive, is imperative in working respectfully with Black and BIPOC communities. The term,
"trauma -informed care," originated in healthcare and mental health agencies to help clinicians and care
workers better understand how adverse childhood experiences (ACES), adverse community
environments, and other situational events impact brain development, social, emotional and cognitive
impairment, short and long-term health issues, and early death. Trauma -informed truth telling
specifically acknowledges how members of the African -American and Indigenous communities
develop adaptive behaviors as a consequence of multi -generational oppression resulting from centuries
of chattel slavery, forced removal from ancestral lands, immigration, colonization, and other
manifestations of pervasive systemic racism. Understanding what Dr. Joy Degruy names "Post
Traumatic Slave Syndrome" (PTSS) can signal to Commissioners key patterns of behaviors in truth
tellers, witnesses, as well as the public.'
Commissioners will:
Cultivate an awareness of trauma and its impact into all aspects of organizational functioning;
Review materials provided in educational training on trauma, retraunaatization, and healing;
Offer support for truth tellers and witnesses by providing community -based resources for
self -care;
Exercise sensitivity to truth tellers as they give testimony and to witnesses while listening to
testimony, observing and taking cues from spoken and unspoken body language;
Exercise their own self -care during the organizing process and truth telling hearings; and
Understand that trauma from lived experiences in a racist nation is pervasive, impacts us all,
and trauma memory is held in the body.
What is the Role of a TRC Commissioner in Truth Telling?
Commissioners serve as "witnesses for the truth" for their fellow citizens in Iowa City. That means
they serve not only as TRC civil servants who are truth seekers, but they also are witnesses to truth
telling along with members of the public.
Responsibilities of Commissioners are to:
Carry out duties of Commission as articulated in Resolution 20-228;
Be present at all or most truth telling hearings, meetings, and follow-up engagements;
Represent and stand in as a cross -sectional authority on the related experiences of communities
across the country;
Participate actively in educational trainings to gain an understanding of the historical context,
methods, and importance of Truth Telling hearings at this juncture in time;
`These patterns may include: 1) Vacant Esteem - feelings of hopelessness, depression and a general self-destructive outlook;
2) Marked Propensity for Anger and Violence - extreme feelings of suspicion, perceived negative motivations of others, i.e.,
friends, relatives, or acquaintances; 3) Racist Socialization/Internalized Racism - Learned helplessness, literacy
deprivation, distorted self-concept, antipathy or aversion for one's own identified cultural/ethnic group, the mores and
customs associated with one's own identified cultural/ethnic heritage, the physical characteristics of one's own identified
cultural/ethnic group. https://www.iovdegruy.coui/post-traumatic-slave-syndrome
65
Consult with one another to design culturally relevant and trauma -informed Truth Telling
hearings;
• Be aware of the conditions and needs of the community;
• Listen to, and witness, testimony on behalf of communities across the U.S.;
• Provide resources for Truth Tellers to support their physical, emotional, and/or mental health
needs;
Check in with self and fellow witnesses about healing processes, experiences, and needs
Provide analysis of testimony and offer recommendations for report to the City Council or
relevant authority, including outcomes of hearings and follow-up evaluation;
Assist in dissemination of findings.
How Are Truth Tellers Chosen?
Truth Tellers are members of the community who have a story of mistreatment to tell for the purpose
of self -empowerment and healing, and who desire social and policy changes to the current conditions.
In order for the community -at -large to come forth to give testimony, all members of the community
must be made informed of the Commission and what the steps are for coming forth.
Commissioners will:
• Identify local organizations, community groups and associations (formal and informal), and
school groups and associations (formal and informal) involved in social justice issues;
o These might include: special interest school groups, non profits, health organizations, mutual
aid groups of formerly incarcerated people, social / racial / restorative / transformative justice /
abolitionist activists (individuals and groups), etc;
• Reach out to leaders and members of the identified organizations, groups, and associations,
seeking those who might consider speaking on issues related to the commission's focus;
Ask for at least 1 reference from the community;
• Schedule a time for a brief meeting to initiate and establish relationship, learn about the
testimony a potential Truth Teller might give, and encourage them to identify a support person to
accompany them to the Truth Telling Hearing; and
• Have a clear and explicit reason why someone does not qualify as a Truth Teller, including how
their presence or testimony will cause harm to another individual, group, or to the Hearing itself, if it
were to be included.
Preparation for Truth Tellers
We
Giving testimony at a Truth Telling Hearing is unlike testifying in a court setting where a witness is
cross-examined by a defense or prosecuting attorney, or where a jury or judge pronounces innocence or
guilt; here, a Truth Teller may have privacy, protection, and validation of any fear of retraumatization.
Commissioners play an important role in assuaging Truth Tellers' concerns. Time taken to prepare
Truth Tellers about what to expect, to affirm their human dignity, to feed their spirits and comfort
them as they prepare to engage in difficult and painful conversation is tantamount to the truth telling
process.
Commissioners will:
• Prepare at least one pre -meeting with truth tellers to check in with their comfort level and need
for support;
o Acknowledge the existence and lasting impact of trauma
o Address need for internal preparation and protection against retraumatization
• Meet with Truth Tellers;
o Initiate and establish relationship;
o Learn about the content of their testimony;
o Encourage them to identify a support person to accompany them to the Truth Telling
Hearing;
• Build relationship with truth tellers;
o Get to know them beyond their testimony;
o Engage in informal conversation;
o Check up on truth tellers to see how they are doing;
o Invite truth tellers to formal, semi -formal, and informal events / community gatherings;
• Take special care for youth / young adult truth tellers;
o Inquire about community supports / access to mental health support;
o Gather and offer list of community resources for support;
o Foreshadow possibility of painful new / emergent memories in sharing testimony;
o Make sure they have a plan for care / support to be available after providing testimony.
Notes on Conducting Testimonk
Provide water so that Truth Tellers may stay hydrated to mitigate the negative physiological and
emotional impacts of stress on the nervous system;
Thank each Truth Teller for choosing to show up and share their testimony, honoring the
strength and courage required to do so;
67
• Invite the Truth Teller to introduce her/him/themselves in whatever way they feel comfortable,
including name, pronouns, and place of origin;
• Ask if there is anything the Truth Teller would like to share before offering their testimony;
• Ask if there is anything the Truth Teller needs in order to feel supported in sharing their
testimony (not to be interrupted, words of affirmation, more / no prompts / invitations to share
more);
• Provide a gentle invitation for the Truth Teller to share her/his/their experience, starting with
the topic or theme of what they will share (i.e., police violence, housing discrimination, etc.);
• Engage with curiosity, asking follow up questions like "can you clarify or say more about...;"
• Allow spaces of silence (even if they feel uncomfortable for you) for the Truth Teller to breathe,
emote however they need to, compose themselves, process or engage with new / emergent
remembrances, etc.;
• Do not impose an expectation of performed civility (i.e., allow Truth Tellers to use profanity,
utter inarticulable language, scream, etc. if they are so moved by emotion);
Offer occasional words of affirmation and encouragement when the Truth Teller seems to be
struggling to continue;
Be gentle and patient in speech, compassionate in responses offered;
Suspend any personal judgments that arise based upon your personal life experience or
worldview;
Make sure to thank each truth teller for the gift of their sharing;
• Allow a moment of breath between each testimony, encouraging all participants to take care of
themselves and each other throughout the hearing (i.e., drink water, remember to breathe, touch base
with their bodies, engage in whatever personal grounding practice they may have, step out of the room
and/or engage with a fellow community member outside of the room if they are feeling too activated /
triggered to stay in the space).
Examples of Questions for Pre -Meetings and Listening Posts
Provide potential Truth Tellers with a brief overview of the TRC's purpose and areas of focus:
Fact -Finding, Truth Telling, and Reconciliation. Briefly explain the nature of Truth Telling Hearings
and how they will provide a supportive opportunity for silenced, oppressed, and marginalized people
to have a voice in creating change in the systems that have been harming their communities for
generations. When multiple people are gathered, Commissioners might open with a brief formal
greeting: "Thank you for participating in this (event / conversation). We are trying to find out how
racial injustice impacts the experience of services and experiences in the life of our city. We will pose a
.:
series of questions to the group and encourage you to be as open as you are able. The more clearly we
hear and understand the broad, painful, and widespread impact of this injustice, the more we can do to
change it."
• What has been your experience with `police / school / healthcare?"
• Can you identify positive aspects of that interaction?
• Can you identify negative aspects of that interaction?
• Did anyone intervene on your behalf?
• How would you have wanted support?
• Were you harmed as a result of that interaction? Please describe the harms that were inflicted.
• What would you need to experience harm repair?
• In the context of interactions with police/school/health care what does justice look like for
you?
Who is a Witness?
Witnesses can include a broad cross-section of society, such as those who are interested in learning
more about the experiences of individuals who experienced racialized police violence, city council
leaders and policymakers, family members, healers, and neighbors. A witness also has the desire to
expose a community's harm against its other members and is passionate about social and racial justice
change. A witness is a person who is aware that listening to testimony about sensitive and emotional
material may trigger emotion or retrigger past experiences of their own mistreatment. Witnesses are
invited to take care of themselves however they need to, trying as much as possible to stay and remain
present to what is being shared.
Witnesses will:
• Acknowledge that their perceptions of experiences are filtered through culture, politics, bias,
stereotypes, etc.;
• Understand bearing witness to testimony from those who have experienced direct or indirect
oppression, violence, racism and/or other forms of discrimination may be unsettling, uncomfortable,
and triggering; and
Maintain the confidentiality and privacy of Truth Tellers.
What is the Role of a Witness?
People who hear witness to truth telling make a conscious decision to open their hearts and minds to
the lived experiences of those whose communities and bodies have been targeted for elimination,
erasure.
The testimony may lead a witness to cultivate an awareness or reckoning of decolonizing change by
dismantling colonial attitudes, beliefs, institutions, and structures that can transform policy (Nagy,
R.2020). Becoming a witness to truth telling is to actively engage in a process alongside and with the
Truth Teller. TRC Commissioners know witnesses also require preparation that is just as important as
preparation for Truth Tellers.
Commissioners will:
• Account for the needs of those bearing witness by providing tissues on the table and slips of
Paper and pens if they want to make a note of something that was said or keep track of a thought or
question to discuss later;
• Provide water so that those witnessing trauma may stay hydrated to mitigate the negative
Physiological and emotional impacts of stress on the nervous system;
• Take the opportunity in preparing witnesses to watch just a few or several videos from The
Truth Telling Project website. Visit TheTruthTellingProject.org/ITTL to find recordings and hear
from our truth tellers. Other informative videos include:
Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearing in Kamloops (Canada) -
httos: //svww.youtube.coni/watch?v=eZsIdEWAd2o
■ Jeanette Jules testifies about a reverend known as Hawkeye who was often drunk and once
punched and kicked a student unconscious.
■ Important to have tissues and water readily available to truth tellers
TRC (South Africa): Episode 01, Part 04 -
httos://www.yc)utube.cc)m/watch?v=Oylugd6ZPf'Nt&list=PLjxBiEgIOSX cA4kIlo21JE1Bsi8Ysgr&1
ndex=5
■ Powerful testimony and revelations shared of State -sanctioned killings carried out by security
forces.
■ Be prepared for strong displays of emotion (4:32)
o Truth Teller Testimonials: Mike Brown, Sr. (Ferguson)-
litps://www.Xoutube.com/watch?v=zlOrzROneHs&list—PLOh2 M2x7misBMv7-Ov4nri7mCdsi9
4XU&index=12&
■ Truth Teller Mike Brown Sr. is the father of Michael Brown Jr., the youth who was fatally shot
by police officers in Ferguson, MO on August, 9, 2014. His son's killing spawned a social and political
70
movement against police brutality throughout the nation, including birthing a generation of social
justice community activists who are working tirelessly for criminal justice reform and transformation.
o Mali: la Commission Verite, Justice et Reconciliation organise des audiences publiques ("In
Mali, the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission is organizing public hearings of testimonies
from victims of abuses by independence and jihadist rebels in the north of the country") -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGNnncq I
■ (Not in English) Women sharing about sexual violence, veiled and sitting in darkness as a form
of comfort and protection, with the Commission on the other side of the room.
Truth Teller Testimonials: Armani Brown (Ferguson) -
lift s://www.youtube.coni/watch?v=18-j9KinmBX4&list=PLOh2 M2x7tn1sBMv7-Ov4nri7mCdsi9
4XU&index=l
■ Truth Teller Armani Brown talks about her father, who was shot by police. Her experience
with her loving father differs from the perception police officers hold of Black men and also addresses
how police brutality against other members of the Black community retriggers the original trauma of
violence and loss.
■ Example of hour Commissioners can set up a projector screen for truth tellers to share images
and other media to support them in their testimony.
o Tunisia's victims of abuse testify on television -
httos: /hv-,N•w.youtube.com/watch?v=6Tbns-12LOOAE
■ Victims of rape and torture in Tunisia, along with the relatives of murder victims, are giving
evidence in televised hearings. The Truth and Dignity Commission aims to help Tunisians collie to
terms with a brutal period in history.
■ Example that shows the presence of the public / witnesses to the truth
State of Fear: The Truth about Terrorism (Peru's War on Terror 1980-2000) -
httns://www.yc)utube.com/watch?v=WC 1hAJOi6BE
■ 13 Commissioners were empowered by the new Peruvian government to uncover the truth
about the 20-year war.
■ This section includes reflections from Commissioner Beatriz Alva Hart, a witness to the truth,
on what it meant to listen to testimony, including new understandings attained (1:19:18-1:23:43).
Ferguson: As Told By Us (short film) -
httns://www.voutube.com/watch?v—ht)Y5ZaLsEHM&list—PLOh2 M2x7mIsBMv7-Ov4nri7mCdsi9
4XU&index=21
■ Over the course of 10 days, an activist group of four young protesters —Angel Noland, Destiny
Moore, Valanah Smith, and Myjia Smith, 14-17 years of age —worked with The Babel Project in
partnership with The Truth Telling Project to make a film about Ferguson from their perspective.
71
■ The Babel Project works with youth activists around the world to teach them how to
document injustice and share their stories with the world.
■ This stands as an example of how community members, especially young people, can utilize
creative forms of media to share their experiences and engage in truth telling outside of formal
hearings.
Greensboro Truth & Reconciliation Commission Findings -
littps://youtu.be/li47zdTdxflM?si=18tHR12iisk3DzFX
■ The first Truth & Reconciliation Commission in the US holds a public ceremony for their
findings and recommendations for The Greensboro Massacre on November 3, 1979. After reviewing
documents, evidence from the trials and countless hours of public and private statements with people
that came forward about that day. This is what they conclude. A brief summary.
Greensboro Truth & Reconciliation Commission Records -
https: //-,Nm w.youtube.coni/plavlist?list=PLvIDH7FgI0oGlhxI3mgHMgGfEpLdODNNe
■ The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Collection, housed at the Thomas F. Holgate
Library of Bennett College, contains documents concerning the fatal clash between members of the
Communist Workers Party (CWP) and members of the Ku Klux Klan and the Nazi Party which
occurred on November 3, 1979, as well as the subsequent investigation and findings of the Greensboro
Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Digitization of this collection is in progress through the first
six months of 2024.
72
What is Authentic or Radical Listening?
A witness listens with authenticity in order to hear the fullness of what the truth teller is saying.
Authentic, radical listening is a term that emerged in social and racial justice circles, and is called for in
truth telling hearings. In this way, radical listening is like a prayer. In Western culture, this deep and
respectful listening is a skill in need of cultivation, as it is not historically taught. To develop empathy,
to develop the capacity to take multiple perspectives, and to feel —all in order to act —we must learn
how to listen.
Listening begins when we allow the mind to find comfort in quiet, still awareness. We wait. We wait for
understanding to reveal itself. We come together in a circle in the spirit of harmony instead of power,
cooperation, and patience instead of competition, and privacy instead of control.
Post Truth Telling
Lessons learned from fruitful TRCs emphasize the importance of what happens directly after a Truth
Telling Hearing and over time for both those giving testimony and those hearing witness. Truth Tellers
have opened up wounds from remembering suffering and loss that may or may not have healed,
including loss and resilience, anger and acceptance, denial and remorse, shame and pride, despair and
hope. Witnesses may experience a myriad of conflicting emotions shaped by their own positionality
and relationship to historic complicity, including feelings of guilt, shame, responsibility, and
accountability.
Commissioners will:
Provide support immediately after the Truth Telling Hearing;
• Develop a method for feedback and continued learning (i.e., how was your experience of the
hearing; did you feel supported, heard, and affirmed; what would you like to see done differently; etc.);
• Determine a method to collect responses and protect responders;
• Use survey responses to guide future hearings;
• Develop and send an emerging needs survey three months after hearing (i.e., after participating
in the hearing, are there any needs that have arisen for you or your community);
• Maintain relationships (i.e., reach out via phone, text, or email);
• Update truth tellers of outcomes of the hearings;
• Invite truth tellers to TRC events and gathering commissioners attend.
73
Resources
• A Truth Hearing: Siblings of those killed by police or community violence share stories (1:06
listen; several short audio clips in the article) -
https://w-,N•w.stlpr.org/govertiment-politics-issues/2016-08-05/a-truth-hearing-siblings-of-those-killed-
by-police-or-community-violetce-share-stories#stream/0
• Eduardo Gonzalez — Howard Varney: Truth -Seeking. Elements for Creating an Effective Truth
Commission - httns://www.icti.org/sites/default/files/ICTI-Book-Truth-Seeking-2013-English.pdf
• TTP Toolkit - available upon request from The Truth Telling Project
• Legal mandates for truth commissions that organized public hearings
o Canada-https://www.residentialschoolsettlement.ca/SCHEDULE N.pdf
o Greensboro - httl2s://greensborotrc.org/mandate.
o Kenya-https://www.usil2.org/12ublications/2009/07/truth-commission-kenva
o Peru-htto://www.cverdad.orgpe/lacomision/cnc)rmas/nc)rmasOl.phhp
o SouthAfrica-https://www.usii2.org/42ublicatic)ns/1995/12/truth-commission-south-africa
• Documentary film (fragments)
o Adam Maze:Daamland-https://www.12bs.org/indel2endentlens/documentaries/diwnland/
o Max Du Preez: TRCSpecial Report series - https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/el2isodes.htm
o Pamela Yates: State of Fear: The Truth about Terrorism (Peru " ld�ar on Terror 1930-2000) -
httvs://,,vww.youtube.com/watcli?v—WC 1hAlOi6BE&t-4836s
74
Fact Finding
The following subsection contains documents centered on Fact finding aspects of the TRC.
75
Data presented to TRC February 1, 2024
Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission:
Memo regarding Fact -Finding Research on Public Safety, Criminal Justice, and Law
Enforcement
By Kearns & West (Dr. Larry Schooler and Laurel Cohen)
1 /29/2024
This memo is intended as a preliminary overview of facts that have been collected by the IC
Truth and Reconciliation Commission Fact -Finding facilitators from Kearns & West. These facts
have been gathered in the time elapsed of Phase I and Phase II of the contract period,
excluding the pause in our work in November. The purpose of this report is to spur dialogue
amongst TRC commissioners about what to make of this information and what other data
should be sought to paint a fuller picture of the issue of Public Safety/Law Enforcement/
Criminal Justice. TRC commissioners prioritized this topic above a dozen others as the one to
focus on first and use as a pilot. Once the facilitators' contracts are concluded, the insights
gleaned from this pilot will drive and inform how the TRC handles the other key topics it chose
to tackle in 2024 (Economic Development and Education).
Police Funding (Iowa City vs. other cities in Iowa, similarly sized cities by population,
national average)
Comparison Table
SelecteC City
State Average
National Average
Similar Population..
Papulotioa
77,390
13,131
21;_;9
77131
Toto Officers
OS
23
10
'52
iota riviliars
23
13
21
Cd
rpt. Cmp.,a.,
106
36
/0
136
officers ra:e a,, i.000
llu
175
2.1
1.24
Source: Police Department Size Calculator
76
POLICE FUNDING 6
POLICE FUNDING BY YEAR NUMBER OF OFFICERS PER 1K POPULATION
$13.43M 79,964Resicents 51 ]J per Re dent ] Otfi:.ers 9.6oer 10k Resider,--,
Vol,Pcllc Punting per Capita than ID%otDcpts MOrc Otficcrsper PDPLIlatlr,nthan _''Act Oepts
. vmme I eo,zmy ,, co,r.aioez
sisv.
5c:;, Fed c1LFd( N.bam
5oerre: USfenzus Bureau
Source: Police Scorecard
77
Disproportionate Minority Contact Study
As part of the Iowa City Police Department's ongoing efforts to ensure fair and equitable
policing, the Department has collected demographic data on traffic stops. From 2006 to 2020,
that data was analyzed by Dr. Christopher Barnum, Associate Professor of Sociology and
Criminology at Saint Ambrose University.
In 2023, the Police Department entered into an agreement with the Public Policy Center at the
University of Iowa to continue the analysis of traffic stop data. The Public Policy Center has
proposed a traffic study that implements several strategies that may bolster the current
understanding of racial disparities in Iowa City traffic stops. The goal of the study is to present a
holistic, comprehensive evaluation intended to complement past analyses of Iowa City traffic
stop disparities. This traffic study will support the Department's continued commitment to
eliminating racial profiling, heightening awareness of implicit bias, and building trust and respect
between law enforcement and all communities and persons in Iowa City. Working with the
University of Iowa Public Policy Center additionally supports the ICPD's desire to work with
community partners and invest in local collaborations.
FA
Previous Findings
Using data from 2019 and 2020 traffic stop behavior, Barnum's most -recent study found steady
or decreasing amounts of disproportionality in traffic stops. The study also found 'comparatively
low levels of disproportionality' in outcomes for citations. While higher levels of disproportionality
were noted in arrest outcomes, Barnum's study noted almost all arrests involved offenses in
which the officer had 'little or no choice in deciding to make an arrest.' ("non discretionary
offenses") "These are offenses that due to state law of departmental policy, leave officers with
very little or no choice in deciding whether or not to make an arrest. Officers are in essence
required to arrest, and would in fact, be subject to departmental discipline if they chose not to
arrest. These types of charges include offenses like bench warrants, driving while barred and
operating while intoxicated. Analyses show that in the overwhelming majority instances where
an arrest was made, officers had little choice in the matter. Please see appendix -IV for tables
showing information regarding the number and percentage of nondiscretionary arrests as well
as arrest information by benchmark."
Source: Iowa City Police Traffic Study, Brief Summary, 2019 and 2020
Appendix IV
Scup anu Ujlcurlc Infurr'ljtio I
11:19 Hdw'rrutmdtiun'
Racy
Nn-A.rrest;
—
Nnn Dkcrl=tin nary
----- -
Pprrent Non -Di;
--
_N_o. S7np
V.,hItr=
4dA
4177
03.1
1759
Asiar
37
3:
'in.R
821
Hlark
7s.
730
41.fi
7183
Hispanr
r}4
RR
rH fi
84'1
N 111ve
7
7
100
76
i)Thp,
4
4
10C
71
l}r knn,A'n
R
R
IOCI
3S5
Totals
839
780
92.9
14480
' 1Utdl', far stups drlalytrle, swp odium vdlucs bhN'A'-1 In r•tdlrl part ul ducLnrcr( i.N-'41111 C,KLlUdC ruN's
y.9Vi r'1 55rr'yg tdcc Irtor11rjuur jJSiIStop I-3adt;u"1161 dr•uUlftcu-t1C Itrfor01611LV1I()I.
2319 A\ est N.I
m be,S ny Bench Mark'
R3Ce
No Amli.t
°ei Ar'rr;',
Tn t,al
h4norHv
',90
3i1
zeal
WRA
11](14h
474
10W7
Total
13286
930
14116
' Tctals eHcl1-Ce m ssirg and urkno'.Vn 'jalues, inclad r,4 355 stops W!F dfl KR::yir rare Urfa"nallon, Fight
stops w,:h mivs;ng �too:are i�format'on and one messing YaI',1Ptnr rre%t type..
79
Source: Iowa City Police Traffic Study, Brief Summary, 2019 and 2020
Arrests,2012-2016
Race
Number of Arrests
% of IC Population (2020
Census)
White
401,420
75.9%
Black or African American
97,899
8.5%
American Indian or Alaska Native
8,629
0.3%
Asian
4,007
7.9%
Native Hawaiian
0
0%
Violent and Property Crime (but not individual crime) Offenses, 2012-2016
[potential other types of crimes to add: Destruction/Damagelvandalism of Property, Drug/Narcotic
Violations]
Race
Number of Offenses
(total5784)
% of IC Population (2020
Census)
White
480+2060=2540
75.9%
Black or African American
638+2385=3023
8.5%
American Indian or Alaska Native
1+3+0=4
0.3%
Asian
20+31+1=52
7.9%
Native Hawaiian
0+0+0=0
0%
Sources: Federal Bureau of Investigation; Census Bureau
Scorecard for the Iowa City Police Department
Data from 2013-2021
Force Used per Arrest: This category refers to non -lethal tactics —including using a taser,
chemical spray, impact weapon, or K9 deployment —as well as to killings by police. The
measure of 28% listed for the ICPD means that the ICPD used more force per arrest than 72%
of departments, including one instance of deadly force, in the time specified.
Excessive Force Complaints Upheld: This category captures what percentage of complaints
were upheld when civilians alleged that police officers used excessive force. There were 28
complaints made over this nine-year period, of which 4% (or 1-2 of them) were ruled in favor of
civilians. The measure of 4% listed refers only to the percentage upheld: unlike the measure of
"force used per arrest," for example, the measure of "excessive force complaints upheld" does
not compare the ICPD to other police departments. Caution when interpreting results is
recommended when the sample size (overall number) is small, like this number 28.
Discrimination Complaints Upheld: This category speaks to what percentage of complaints were
upheld when civilians alleged that police officers practiced discrimination. There were 10
complaints made over this nine-year period (the latest of which was in 2019), of which 0% (none
of them) were ruled in favor of civilians. The measure of 0% listed refers only to the percentage
upheld: unlike the measure of "force used per arrest," for example, the measure of "excessive
force complaints upheld" does not compare the IPCD to other police departments. Caution
when interpreting results is recommended when the sample size (overall number) is small, like
this number 10.
FM
Arrest Rate for Low Level Offenses: This category examines how often the perpetrators of
low-level offenses were arrested for those crimes. The measure of 24% listed for the IPCD
means that the ICPD arrested people at a higher rate for low-level offenses than 76% of
departments, with 18,651 arrests for low-level offenses out of 25,450 total arrests during the
time specified.
Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests: This category explores whether the perpetrators of low-level
offenses are arrested at different rates depending on race and ethnicity. The measure of 15%
listed for the ICPD comes from the fact that Black people were 7.7x more likely, and
Latine/Hispanic people were 1.9x more likely, to be arrested for low-level, non-violent offenses
than a white person.
Source: Police Department Size CalculatorU1
Source: Police Scorecardo
Source: Iowa City, Disproportionate Minority Contact StudyQj
Source: `Iowa City Police Traffic Study, Brief Summary, 2019 and 2020'[41
Source: `'Iowa City Police Traffic Study, Brief Summary, 2019 and 2020'j51
Sources: Federal Bureau of Investigation; Census Bureau[6] ]L7j
Source: "Police Scorecard'L8J
FW
Data presented to TRC March 18, 2024
Examples from other TRCs
Greensboro TRC
Types of evidence
- Internal police records
- Trial testimony
- Newspaper reports/books
"Balance of probabilities," AKA "preponderance of evidence"
Types of questions
- Consistent recall?
- Firsthand or secondhand?
- Bias?
- Story matches?
- Makes sense?
Canada TRC
- Obligation to turn over documents (federal government and church school administrators);
often resisted.
- Police investigative records of residential schools
- Student admissions, school histories, administration records, photographs, maps, plans, and
drawings from the federal and provincial offices and various religious entities
- 113 categories of records/sources of facts found: physical objects, yearbooks, paintings,
music, legislation, diaries, contracts, cartoons
Maine TRC: Indian Affairs Archives
Elements of a dominant narrative or counter -narrative about Wabanaki peoples
Tribal -state relationships in Maine
Wabanaki child welfare
Wabanaki incarceration experiences
National context related to child welfare or state -Tribal relationships
Maine TRC: Child and Family Services Archives
- Statistical reports that documented racial demographics of children in the child welfare and
adoption systems
- Training -related materials (i.e. curriculum, planning, proposals, contracts)
- Working relationship of Wabanaki Tribal nations or organizations and the state
- Reports and recommendations related to Native children in the state child welfare and
adoption systems
Maine TRC: Fact-finding summary documents
- Timeline of Tribal -state relationships, with dominant narratives and counter -narratives, and
key events
at
- Documentation of the presence and absence of ICWA in Child and Family Services training,
planning, and procedural materials
- Documentation of recommendations made by oversight committees and task forces related to
Native children in the child welfare system in Maine
- Documentation of ICWA and culturally relevant training efforts and recommendations
- Aggregation of statistical materials related to representation of Native children in the state child
welfare system and adoptions
Size of the Iowa City Police Department
Comparison Table
5PIP W c!Ir
5tgt, A,,-,.
Nptiong A,,.,P
S-I'r P.P.I.Uon
Pn_urr-ur
7,'-�U
13.431
21.�2,
,306
-vm CrI —
9s
2]
a3
142
21
li
e'1
94
o:U E'nplUYuuY
:0B
3<
r,
13b
❑IrIUPr$ U•P F9'lU!i[:
1il
1.15
[-:1
'I Fd
Source:
Source: IC FY 24 budget public hearing presentation
ICPD Personnel Demographics
2019 ICPD Sworn Staffing Comparisons
(number of sworn positions per 1,000 residents)
N[g I('n C 011)[I'Ll M tiO5 a\'Ol 1-0
IM
Fot:r I[3tgct citic5 m 159
1v1idc,estern itieti! ;itl, Population he[h^ean_ 1.5
US N.etage 2 3
ova Crty 1 1.12
0 05 1 15 Z 25
■ US H:erage
Miclriestern Cit esvf[f Po1)Ulation betr,een 50K-100K
❑ Four I"rgel b"IC,5 in lo, ,'.
Pig Ter commLimitie, average
Source: IC FY 24 budget public hearing presentation
5
60
2
fib
86.1%
0
0
10
1
11
13.9%
5
70
3
79
-
}':asi
1.3%
1 6.3%
1 88.6%
1 3.8%
1 -
0
Apps Receivec
Undisclo,ed, 12
2+. 18
1
White, 165
Hisf)miicM
Asian. 8
Blackoi Af-Aw. 38
H spzi- - li-cliac. Noti. - ""Flil--i-
F ;irk,) A�-Aiv N ITI
U )c
Whitc. 32
Written Test
H i n pa ii ic..
Asian. 2
Blac k or Af Am 12
C s '11, G,j Ai i; N ial 2-
Source: Documentation from ICPD provided to Commission on Accreditation for Law
Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)
M,
Physical Fitness
Hisl:ar-Ic
.'-1r1'.EI IIICI II'.ii r..11 `_:.{(I ,:il:`.'2
AS:.11l
K ck or Af-Am. 2'. 4
.. •.ite
• 2-
Waite. 26
Hispanicker Indian
Alaska Native, 0
Asian. 3
Black or Af-Am, d
NH/PI, 0
go
Undisclosed. 1
2+. 2
Hisnarrc
G,c:ck cr ''',f-' m
■ 2—
Interview
Hispanic, 3
1
White, 44
Asian, 2
Black or Af-Am.6
Amer Ir-c: n Alaskr, Nat .e Asiar-
NH!Pi Ai i[e
m undisc.oseci
b,,:cIco A -All)
■ 2_
Certified HirinoUst
Undisclosed. 1
2+.2
1
White, 27
HiSI)amc.3
As Ill), 1
Black orAf-Aril. S
NH.P iIil'f
■ Urdi;;�lor�:i
Source: Documentation from ICPD provided to Commission on Accreditation for Law
Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)
Applications Received
Percent Hired
Applicants Hired
Percent of Werkiorce Population
Source: CALEA documentation from ICPD
Other Notes on Recruitment
$5,000 bonus offered to certified officers who have gone through the Iowa Law Enforcement
Academy
"Most departments have an application period and will not accept any more applicants after
that period has ended. Chief Liston said the Iowa City Police offer flexibility regarding when
people take the state -required written and physical tests."
90
Source: IC F}'24
Or. average, 44%nf ( it ben eraI I Lind I xp er P.a Lira% in ti-.e Sta:e n, Icw,a
IS fDrPLUIC 5JfCly
Fur srnilar sired cities in IowA., P.I bait Sal Pt As a per: e nt a Ile of Gen e 1 al
_ I ,:nd I xpPrdit.rP% is 51%
In Iowa City, 39%of General Fund Expenditure isfor Public Safety
U .:l:l' L - I0w'5 City. Iowa
atil lr.rn'on U:1 �or°ns [a:: noun-
Source: IC FY 24 budget public hearing presentation
_.
\IJ.S!'.V r1 \IJ.J IO,SOU
\Id.JJJ.V01
ll r. �JU.OJo
>lo.ldu.l �L \IU. ju 1.J5'
\L .J1u.. 'J
Lurca.r:
43°a
2-6°o
i, 00o
3.0°o Li°o
;, S°o
Source: IC FY 24 budget public hearing presentation
91
Comparison for 2022:
Policing: $13.6m Housing: $12.7m Health: $0.86m
Health expenditures includes
public health activities (not hospital care)
• spending on all environmental health activities
• health regulation and inspection
• water and air pollution control
• mosquito control
• animal control warden
• inspection of food handling establishments
• ambulance and paramedic services not part of a fire department
• public health nursing
• vital statistics collection,
Housing and community development expenditures include all gross expenditures for urban
renewal housing projects and similar activities.
%Vhire
401.410
?S°°
Kwk or.ktl'ICAII Am erica a
o-,Soo
la°°
S.7°°
AIIIe Lilan hlNlAn or.ilaska
S.o10
1°°
0.30°
\.1 rive
Asian
1'00-
\ari�•e Hawaiian
0
0°°
0°°
92
\Cftite
1.740
41°n
-.A°o
Bla.k or �hican averican
..0-]
7,°a
8_710
AMel CAR Indiau or.;laska
J
000`
O.P
\ arive
.psi ne,
.,
00000
.\,trit'e H,n1'aii.m
0
coo
O°o
Sources: Federal Bureau of Investigation; Census Bureau
ICPD Traffic Stops 2022 by Race
Other Llckcoc:n
hatr.o Amm C do
Latino
BIackrAfricar
Ar•PI leaf
17c,
Ca UC d star
G014.
•Asian/PI Hlack/AfiI I. IAn'0riI' iauC1,111
Ldti ro Wtit'a An•oncar rthl ,
■ Urkro• n
93
1CPD Traffic Stops 2023 by Race
n•.
hari:�+lriericd i
t:;tl'c�r
r.kI, ..:n
3:.
3Iac:/Africar
All if -I I( III'.
29c
■ ,aian; �I
Latino
■ l:nkr3;r..:n
Source: City Stops Study
Bl ck A.fr car Ar?rlCdn Ca!,casian
W.I.-e AireIic.=.r ■ Othar
Notable: 2020 ICPD policy on stops
- An Iowa City Police Department policy adopted in 2020 limited when police officers stop
residents based only on minor pedestrian/traffic violations that did not pose an immediate threat
to public safety.
- The policy was introduced in a memo from Interim Police Chief Denise Brotherton ... stating
that violations no longer warranting a dedicated stop include cracked windshields, loud exhaust,
cracked taillights, window treatments, and jaywalking.
- Brotherton said ... that historical data points show minority drivers often have a higher chance
of being stopped by law enforcement than non -minority drivers, and that this new policy would
hopefully contribute to a reduction of that disparity.
94
- "The desired outcome is for the public to view traffic enforcement solely as an effort to help
ensure safety of the public and not as a punitive action for non -safety related issues," Brotherton
said in the memo. "The intent of following this traffic -stop guideline is also consistent with our
overall goal of eliminating any occurrence of bias -based policing practices."
Source: The Gazette, Nov 9, 2020
State of Iowa vs. City policy
"Back the Blue" law
- SF 342 signed by Gov. in 2021.
- Prevents municipal governments from enacting policies like the 2020 policy where officers are
directed not to enforce certain laws.
- Would penalize local governments if they "adopt policies that discourage enforcement of any
state, local, or municipal laws."
- ICPD stops <40% 2023 (from 2022)
Pending bill on civilian oversight
- A state bill that would prohibit Iowa cities from having citizen police review boards to review
police misconduct and discipline is out of a legislative committee.
- President of Iowa -Nebraska NAACP quoted as saying civilian review boards started in
response to racial profiling by police.
Sources: State of Iowa, Iowa Public radio, Des Moines Register, ICPD
95
Iowa City Population Demographics
Source:
Male Warnings
75 %
Source: CALEA documentation for ICPD (2020)
Nhite
Asian
:Black or African American
® Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian
Male Citations
Female Citations
Male Warnings
Female Warnings
Source: CALEA documentation for ICPD (2021)
Comparison of Group A and Group B Offenses
Group A: more serious
- Theft
- Assault
- Robbery/Burglary
- Sex Offenses
- Fraud
Total Group A offenses (2019): 4,347
Total Group B offenses (2019): 3,577
Male Citations
Female Citations
97
GROUP B CRIME ARRESTS
OWI, DUI, or Operating wl
601
Controlled Substance Present
Public Intoxication
J 801
Driving License + Registration
486
Violations
Under 21 in a bar after 10pm
296
Liquor Law Violations (Unlawful
drinking locations, open
359
container. PAULAs. providing
alcohol 10 a minor, etc,}
Interference (includes
interference causingfintending
226
injury)
691
588
6D2
590
-5%
762
539
435
465 %
-27%
489
437
418
534
+17`.
298
268
305
791 I,
+171 �
364
427
356
208
-05%
261
184
228
248
GROUP B CRIME ARRESTS
No Contact, Abuse. Stalking
Protective Order Violations
132
120
153
137
152
=i2
Disorderly Conduct
156
171
121
121
119
-16%
Criminal Trespass and Trespass
166
124
132
105
108
18%
Injury/Damage
Use of Another's ID or Providing
110
75
54
71
93
-20':
False Identification Info
Possess. Suspended, fake, or
66
82
71
62
91
-30"
altered ID
_Disorderly House _
105
_90
47
fit
46 _
-39%
Harassment (2nd Degree, 3rd
44
27
38
45
49
+27`
Degree. of Public Official)
Urinate in Public
72
49
21
21
38
-7%
Neglect I Endangerment of a
22
26
20
35
45
=75°
minor
Source: 2020 Preliminary Plan to Accelerate Community Policing
Total ICPD
Use of Force
Incidents By Year
77,626
K(?i?iii7
G7,350 68,69/
67,584 66,505
65,820 65,581
70000
61,655
1000) j0
50000
40000
30000
20000
10uu0
28 36
26 27
31 21 24 24
0
20:.5 2�)16
201! 2018.
2019 2020 2 02 1 2022
❑U5e of Foice
Ir,Licer:5 ■T•_tal
_0.115 iw 5 .e
Sources: 2020 Preliminary Plan to Accelerate Community Po/icing, Iowa City Police Department
2022 Annual Report
Total Uses of Force
f
2020
Total Use of Force Arrests
r
9M
Total Agency Custodial Arrests
Total Number of Suspects Receiving Non -Fatal
Injuries
F...
Source: CALEA documentation from ICPD
Total Uses of Force
2021
Total Use of Force Complaints
2020
Total Use of Force Arrests
Total Use of Force Complaints
r`
i
e
100
Total Agency Custodial Arrests
2021
Source: CALEA documentation from ICPD
Total Number of Suspects Receiving Non -Fatal
Injuries
101
2022ICPD Use 0' For_e Totals h; CFS Ttipe 1�mcl D soosit cr All
102
20231CPD Use Of Forcc Totals by CFS Type and Disposition - Encountersthat Res ultcd in Arrests
. `l. . i.
_ .... ...
•`.
.i
na.u.
o :.P..;.....,..:
■
103
50TH
WORSE PERCENTILE BETTER
POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY: 31%
Misconduct Complaints Upheld
Excessive Force Complaints Upheld 4%
Discrimination Complaints Upheld O%
Of all complaints processed, the Board agreed with all of the Police Chief's investigation findings
111 out of 119 times. For the other eight cases, the Board disagreed on at least one
allegation's disposition and reversed the Chiefs decision.
Source: 2020 Preliminary Plan to Accelerate Community Policing
105
Number of Allegations by Type & Disposition
(Of all allegations from 1997 - Present)
t. wpor --�EJC.4 A I CC: N IN 1(-T
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Source:
1o6
Sustained CPRB Allegations, 1997-2020
Number and Category of Allegations 'Sustained' by Board
(Percentage of Total Allegations)
UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
EXCESSIVE use 0 F FORCE %- -;L. (0.19%)
IMPROPER PROCEDURE ! _ =_'t-,(0.86%)
UNWARRANTED CITATION, CHARGE, OR ARRESTL-_'4^ (0.29%)
UNLAWFUL ENTRY,SEARCL,ANO(ORSEIZURE ice.---. .,r== .(0,57%)
NEGLECT OE HEALTH OR SAFELY J'Y', (0.29%) V
LOCK OF OR NO SERVICE L1(0.29%J
IMPROPER INTERVIEW/INTERROGATION TACTICS 1iti� a (0.79%)
0 L 2 3 4 5 6 7
Source:
Camplannr and Internal. Iffrrirs - Rcaeereditati✓n I car 3
Data Collection Period: 1, 1;2020 - 1231,2021
Year I Year2
Externallcitimn Complaint
Citizen Complaint
Ill 27
Sustained
3 4
Not Sustained
4 S
Unfounded
3 6
Exooemted
0 12
Internal/Directed Complaint
Directed Complaint
33 88
Sustained
27 42
Not Sustained
6 46
Unfounded
0 0
Lxonerated
0 0
Source: CALEA documentation from ICPD
107
ICPD: Police Accountability
- CPRB reviews reports prepared after investigation of complaints.
- Own written reports that explain why and the extent to which complaints should be sustained
or not sustained.
- The CPRB reviews police policies, procedures, and practices, and may recommend
modifications to them.
- The CPRB has only limited civil administrative review powers and has no power or authority
over criminal matters or police discipline. It is not a court of law and is not intended to substitute
for any form of legal action against the Police Department or the City.
- 2 community member concerns regarding bias -based policing in traffic contacts, field contacts,
or asset forfeiture in 2021.
- The first concern was a telephone complaint of a bias -based traffic stop. A review of the stop
exonerated the officer finding their actions were justified, lawful, and proper.
- The second concern was that an officer followed the complainant while driving. A review of this
incident determined it was unfounded as it had been another agency.
Source: CALEA data compiled by ICPD
Selected Lawsuits Against City/ICPD/Officers
Cases:
- To/sfon v. ICPD, dismissed (2021)
- Henrichs v. ICPD, dismissed (2020)
- Airhart v. ICPD, dismissed (2018)
- Burgs v. ICPD, dismissed (2015)
- Bokassa v. ICPD, dismissed (2014)
- Haig v. ICPD, dismissed (2011)
- Watson v. ICPD, settled (2022)
- Kelly v. City of Iowa City, pending (2021)
Italics = allegations of illegal behavior by officers on street.
Bold = B I ack/Afri can -American party
Watson:
- Anthony Watson sued the two cities (IC and Coralville) and two police officers for negligence
resulting in personal injury, false arrest, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional
distress and malicious prosecution.
- Stopped for reckless driving, tested negative for alcohol and for drugs, though drug use
evaluation found he was under influence of marijuana.
- Settled by two cities for $390,000, half paid by each city.
i
Kelly:
- Chris Kelly sued IC and Johnson Co. for "illegal racial profiling," racial discrimination, failure to
intervene, civil conspiracy, false arrest, unconstitutional polices and practices.
- Jailed for eight months, released after federal judge said case amounted to "a story of 'walking
while Black."'
- Allegedly stopped on pretext at direction of county prosecutor.
- Judge dismissed portions of lawsuit related to racial discrimination.
Sources: News reports
Additional Context on Mr. Watson's Case:
- One of the officers involved in the case forced a 15-year-old Black male to the ground during
an arrest at the Robert A. Lee Recreation Center in Iowa City [2015]. Some viewed that
behavior as discrimination based on a video posted on social media, and the encounter
prompted an calling for the "end of discrimination against Black youth." ICPD
subsequently modified its arrest procedures and policies to deploy more "de-escalation
techniques" prior to officers using force.
- This same officer also was under investigation after being employed by the state of Iowa for a
2019 arrest following a fight between two women, one Black and the other white, in Des Moines,
according to news reports. A video posted on social media showed the officer gave the Black
woman two elbow blows to the head while she grabbed the other woman's hair. In the video, the
officer pepper -sprays the Black woman while the other woman is allowed to walk away. But both
were booked into jail, according to news reports. This officer and a second state officer were
placed on administrative leave during an investigation but cleared of any wrongdoing a few
weeks later, according to the Des Moines Register.
- The officer in the two incidents resigned from ICPD but continues to work in law enforcement.
Source: Cedar Rapids Gazette, July 16, 2022
An Additional Potentially Relevant Case:
- John Deng, a Sudanese resident of Iowa City, was shot and killed by a Johnson County Sheriff
's Deputy in July 2009.
- An investigation conducted by the Iowa Attorney General's office found that the shooting was
justified because Mr. Deng had stabbed another person at the scene and refused commands to
drop the knife. The deputy was cleared of any wrongdoing.
- Media reports indicate that Mr. Deng had initially been struck by the other individual before Mr.
Deng stabbed him. Those same reports indicate that some eyewitnesses refuted the suggestion
Mr. Deng had a knife in hand and threatened the deputy before being shot.
- At a press conference, speakers alleged Mr. Deng's race played a role in how the deputy
handled the incident; the other individual was white and not detained.
Source: Cedar Rapids Gazette, September 25, 2009
log
Coralville PD Tactics to Improve Recruiting Diversity
- Seeking out of advisors
- Pursuit of identified candidates
- Wide advertising of opportunities
- High school mini academy and outreach to students
- Collaboration with the NAACP
- Support on the entrance exam
Source: Call with Coralville PD Chief Shane Kron
Sioux City PD Partnership with Native Nations
- Native Advisory Council and representation
- Formal and informal events throughout the year to strengthen relationships
- Mutual trust and transparency when incidents occur with community members
- Community Cultural Liaisons and culture of inclusion
- Privacy and respect
- Cultural competency training
Source: Call with Sioux City PD Chief Rex Mueller
ICPD Police Equity Training
Police Legal Sciences Trainings:
• 2013-2015: Bias -based Policing (1 hour)
• 2016: Bias-based/Racial profiling/Fair and Impartial Policing (2 hours)
• 2017: Bias -based profiling/Racial profiling/Fair and Impartial Policing (1 hour)
• 2018: Implicit bias/Bias-based policing/Fair and Impartial Policing (1 hour)
• 2020: Diverse Communities/Bias prevention (1 hour); Implicit Bias and Procedural
Justice (1 hour)
• 2021-2023: Implicit Bias (1 hour); Diverse Communities and Bias Prevention (2 hours)
• 2024: Implicit Bias (1 hour)
MATS and Other Trainings:
• 2015: LGBTQ Communities and Diversity Focus
• 2017: Fair and Impartial Policing (5 hours)
110
• 2023: Implicit Bias (3 hours). 2024: Implicit Bias (2 hours)
• 2015: Cultural Competency
• 2016: Iowa Summit on Justice and Disparities
• 2017: Unbiased Policing: Recognizing & Reducing Bias in Policing; IACP Communities
of Color Toolkit; Disproportionate Minority Contact
• 2018: Joint Hate Crime training session; Iowa Summit on Justice & Disparities;
Leadership for Equity & Inclusion; Unbiased Policing
• 2019: Strengthening Relationships with LGBTQ+ Communities; Anti -bias Policing; IA
Summit on Justice and Disparities
• 2020: Fair & Impartial Policing; As Simple as Respect: Diversity, Respect, & Inclusion in
the Workplace; IA Summit on Justice & Disparities
Source: Iowa City PD
Crime data from FBI/DOJ: breakdown by
ethnicity and by nationality; inclusion of
Hispanic/Latine and Arab/Middle Eastern
populations; description of how the
demographic information in this dataset is
generated
The request for this information has been
sent to the FBI.
Same analysis as was conducted on the ICPD It could be useful to compare this data with
for both the University of Iowa Department of the ICPD data. This data collection was not
Public Safety and the Johnson County Sheriff's pursued in this project phase due to limited
Department time and resources and the difficulty of
comparing results across disparate agencies
and geographic jurisdictions.
Breakdown by race of complainants to the This data is not collected.
CPRB
Breakdown by race of those calling the police, This data is not collected.
and of those who are the subjects of calls to
the police
ill
Heat map of calls for service across greater See from the City.
Iowa City area
Types of arrests wherein force was used (i.e., This data has been requested from the
nature of alleged offense, non -discretionary ICPD.
stop vs. discretionary, etc.)
Where To From Here?
- Would be helpful to understand more how recent arrivals/immigrants/refugees experience
encounters
- More data on complaints that were not sustained or never filed
- More on dispensation of cases once charges are filed
- What outcomes are produced by training courses?
- How can we measure various strategies used by the ICPD to recruit for new officers?
- How are race or other aspects of identity (ethnic, cultural, nationality, gender, sexual
orientation) considered as officers are hired?
- How can we track preventative measures that keep crimes from occurring?
L11
https://defundpolice. org/budgeti ng-tools/pol ice-depa rtment-size-calcu lator/#state=IA&police-dept=C 104&p
opulation-width=5&officer-width=5&chart-limit=20 httos://defundoolice.ora/about/
[24 httos://policescorecard.org/ia/police-departmentliowa-city httos://policescorecard.org/about
131
httos://www. icgov.org/govern ment/deoartments-and-divisions/ool ice-deoartment/d isor000rtionate-minority
-contact-study
[441 httos://www.iowa-city.org/WebLink/DocView.asnx?id=2029774&dbid=0&reno=CityoflowaCity page
4115
[51 https://www.iowa-city.ora/WebLink/DocView.asox?id=2029774&dbid=0&reoo=CitvoflowaCity page
14/15
[61 https://cde.ucr.ciis.aov/LATEST/webapp/#/oaaes/explorer/crime/arrest
u
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Reconciliation
The following subsection contains documents centered on Reconciliation aspects of the TRC.
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On Reconciliation
At the IC TRC October 5, 2023 meeting, commissioners asked for more information on
Reconciliation. At that time, we responded with some of the following information. There is
also new information here.
Eduardo talked about the concept of Reconciliation in connection to the truth telling activities
during his sessions on October 25 and 26. The videos for those sessions are archived online
and can be reviewed.
This document includes the following sections:
• Definitions of Reconciliation
• Possible processes to foster Reconciliation
• Links to Reconciliation articles/resources, provided by Melinda Salazar and Leo Hylton
ofThinkPeace
DEFINITIONS OF RECONCILIATION
1. Reconciliation is defined in Resolution 20-228 as one of the duties of the Commission:
Reconciliation - The TRC shall:
1) Provide opportunity for and facilitate direct conversation among and between community
members of color, white community members and representatives of various sectors in which
people of color experience discrimination and injustice (e.g. police and protesters, landlords and
tenants, students and teachers, patients and health care providers, business owners and staff);
2) Create a replicable model that provides a structure for enabling these conversations
throughout the city;
3) Make available opportunities for a broad cross section of the community to learn about
discrimination and racial injustice in our community; and,
4) Identify and recommend to the City Council institutional and policy reforms, new social
practices, expectations, protocols, habits, rituals, conversations and celebrations that will move
Iowa City toward a shared experience of race and difference, justice and equity and community
and harmony.
2. From Eduardo, in response to the Commission's earlier questions about Reconciliation:
Reconciliation is identified in the glossary ThinkPeace provided to the Commissioner and is
identified in Resolution 20-228. Reconciliation is not just a horizontal relationship between
individuals or between groups. It is very encompassing. It means horizontal relationships
between individuals, relations between individuals and authorities, and communities between
groups, etc. Reconciliation goes in many directions. But the content of the relations in many
directions needs to be one of respect and recognition of dignity. Dignity that is the opposite of a
114
situation of injustice, of a situation of white supremacy, and of a situation of discrimination in
any way. So, reconciliation is the opposite of those situations we live in that have been so
traumatic, so unfair, and so unjust.
Reconciliation is a long and complex process to get to a situation where we all, our
communities, our individuals, our own personal beings feel recognized and feel healed.
3. From Ten Lessons Learned About Truth and Reconciliation:
https://medium.com/(Mthetruthtellin¢project/ten-lessons-learned-about-truth-and-reconciii
ation-623e6e0bc401
A. The notion of reconciliation must be clarified before it can be accepted and implemented
as an outcome of truth telling. On a very basic level, the concept of reconciliation is often
linked to relationships and the idea of reuniting individuals and/or communities following some
disagreement or discord. This idea is in effect nonsensical and in fact disturbing in those
circumstances where there never was accord between people and communities, i.e., the
capture of Africans who were brought to America to serve as slaves and experience other
horrendous forms of oppression. However, where the concepts of "truth and reconciliation" are
considered as a unit, reconciliation involves a coming to agreement about truth. Consequently,
engaging in TRC-likened truth telling processes in the U.S. supports opportunities for the
oppressed and the oppressors to come to agreement about the "original sins" and the perpetual
harms, i.e., theft of life, liberty and land, Jim Crow, redlining, gentrification, police violence and
other forms of structural racism — of those sins. Along those same lines, truth telling processes
involves a coming to agreement about ways to support healing and repair related to the
consequences of those harms.
ACCESS TO TRUTHS
Based on 'Ten Lessons Learned..., 'Reconciliation involves a coming to agreement about
truth.'
The first step would be having access to (new to them) Truths: lived experiences different
from their own. This can happen in a number of ways:
• In a Truth -telling event
• Reading or hearing new information
• Watching a video or movie
• In a conversation
• Reading the City Council's Resolution 20-228
The second step — coming to agreement - could include participating in a process that
deepens their understanding and recognition and leads to an agreement about a truth new to
them.
PROCESSES THAT CAN FOSTER RECONCILIATION:
115
1. Talking Circles and Reconciliation:
Talking Circles can be provided to community members as one process related to reconciliation:
they provide a space of respect and recognition of the dignity of each person, where every voice
and experience is valued.
Whereas the Native Partners provided Healing Circles which include Indigenous spiritual
practices, Sikowis Nobiss has said that the talking circle process is secular and can be offered by
people of any identity. The talking circle process can be taught to and used by people
throughout our community. The TRC can encourage diverse people from throughout our Iowa
City/Johnson County communities to take a talking circle facilitation training so that people can
experience circles facilitated by people who look and sound like them, which is one of the best
practices cited at the Colorizing RJ Conference. There are good circle trainers who are part of
ICCSD.
Circles provide an opportunity for truth -telling, for being heard and respected and known. A
circle can also be a safe space for community -building. A circle can include people with similar
experiences sharing harms that have happened to them where they can tell those truths. A
circle can include people sharing their experiences of harm with the person or people who
caused harm. They can be used for reconciliation. In a restorative justice circle, the participants
work together to shape an agreed -upon way to make things right.
Exit surveys from community members who experienced 'community -building' circles in the fall
of 2021, included these kind of comments:: "I felt calmer." "I felt more connected:' "I shared
more than I had with these people I know." "It really gave us the opportunity to get to know the
others (whether I knew them before or not) at a deeper level and to see the humanity in each
individual:' These comments indicated that participating in a circle could increase personal and
community connections and resilience and provide a recognition and acceptance of truths
A talking circle is a restorative justice practice that not only raises racial awareness, but as Dr.
Keiko Ozeki, (a member of Huayruro, a Seattle -based group skilled in organizational leadership,
criminal legal systems, and grassroots and healing work), points out, "In addition to raising racial
awareness, building relationships is one of the most crucial elements for restorative
practices... Once we sit in the Circle together and share the stories, these collective
experiences transform our perspective 'I' to 'We'. (Circle Forward: Moving Toward Racial Equity
in Schools- Starting with the Adults", 2020)".
Circles and trauma: In addition, circle trainer Kay Pranis has said that the circle process
intervenes on two consequences of trauma. 1) After trauma, people feel disempowered: They
couldn't prevent the trauma. Pranis says that taking turns in seating order in a circle provides a
circle participant with a moment of complete power: when the talking piece comes to them,
they can do whatever they choose: share a lot or a little of whatever they want or pass. This
provides an intervention on the disempowerment of being harmed.
2) Pranis also says that another consequence of trauma is feeling disconnected. This could be
disconnection from parts of themselves, from the person or people who did the harm, and/or
disconnection in general. Sitting in a circle where people share their own truths can create an
116
experience of connection with the others, whether they have a relationship outside the circle or
not.
Circles provide an opportunity for truth -telling, for being heard and respected and known. They
can be used for reconciliation. They can be used for community -building, healing, resolving
conflict, restorative justice, transformative justice and more.
2. Restorative Justice or Transformative Justice are cited as possible processes for
reconciliation. In restorative justice, a person or people who have been harmed are brought
together with a person or people who caused the harm. RJ provides a process/structure for
those harmed to tell what happened, those who caused the harm to hear their experience and
tell what happened from their experience, and together they have the opportunity to decide
what will 'make things right.' It is worth researching both Restorative Justice and Transformative
justice. There are people in the IC community and ICCSD who are experienced in Restorative
Justice and knowledgeable about Transformative Justice. The commission could hear from them
as an agenda item during their meetings, or have them as speakers in a public event or sponsor
training for expanding the group of diverse local people experienced in these processes.
3. Community Cohort- Develop a curriculum for cohorts of community members to engage
together about the fact-finding information that the TRC uncovers (disparity in schools,
redlining, etc.). The groups could be of mixed identity or same identity.
Strategic Doing group Members: Monica Nieves, Chastity Dillard, Tony Branch, Laura Bergus,
Annie Tucker, Clif Johnson, Mark Pries, Kim Scott, Wangui Gathua (in initial meeting).
Based on the North Star developed by the TRC, this would:
• Build capacity: by bringing people together (empower)
• Amplify voices (hearing from/about different sectors)
• Create foundations: in the cohort
• To de -construct the colonial systems (these first three bullet points (arrow) to
de -construct the colonial systems)
• To HEAL (by bringing people together)
MORE INFORMATION ON RECONCILIATION LINKS AND RESOURCES
• The concept of reconciliation was included in the glossary that ThinkPeace sent to the
commission in August as part of the first training.
• In response to your question in October, Manape LaMere suggested the following
materials regarding the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission:
httos://www.reconciliationeducation.ca/what-are-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-94-calls
-to-action
117
Here is a complete list of the 94 calls to action from the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation
Commission:
htti3s://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-coIumbians-our-governments/indigenous-people/ab
original-peoples-documents/calls to action english2.13df
Links on Reconciliation provided by ThinkPeace
• ThinkPeaceHub.org
• Fanie du Toit and Angelina Mendes, "Reconciliation in Practice: Selected Observations
about the Assumptions Informing Practices of Reconciliation" Reconciler, no. 1, (April 2022),
https://www.thinkpeacehub.org/reconciler.
• https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/spirituality-and-community-building/forgivenes
s-and-reconciliation/main
• https://www.nationalcivicleague.org/wo-content/uploads/2017/05/Truth.Recon .Inwoo
d.pdf
• https://www.yesmaaazine.org/issue/what-the-rest-of-the-world-knows/2020/11/03/can
ada-truth-reconciliation
• https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2017/08/16/in-truth-and-reconciliation-firs
t-things-first-the-truth
• https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2019/06/19/reparations-truth-and-reconcili
ation-united-states
• htti3s://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/make-right/2015/07/10/truth-and-reconciliation-at
-work-how-these-commissions-help-heal-wounds-from-racial-injustice
• https://healourcommunities.org/
• htti3s://vakids.org/our-news/blog/racial-truth-reconciliation-resources-definitions
118
Talking Circle
Presenter: Terry Medina, Certified Fatherhood Facilitator, Former Adult Probation Officer, Spiritual
Empowerment Coach
ug
Overview of the Talking Circle
The Talking Circle is focused on allowing each participant to sit in a circle and speak about what
is on their mind. It is a confidential circle where trust, support and prayer are held at the highest
value of the participants in a nonjudgmental environment. We seek to communicate in a
culturally relevant way that will empower participants to be proud and confident in themselves
as Native people.
Target Group
The Talking Circle can be for all ages. It is a way of providing traditional healing through coming
together as relatives, respecting each other's time and words that are expressed from the heart
on various topics.
Expected Outcomes of a Talking Circle
1) Provide support through the Talking Circle.
2) Build trust and provide a safe non -judgmental place to voice their feelings and concerns. 3)
Provide Spiritual Empowerment Coaching.
4) Educate participants where to go for help and assistance to keep them safe/secure. S) Talking
circle is offered to the family of participants to open lines of healthy communication
The Talking Circle Requires:
A Facilitator— he/she will facilitate the meeting, offer prayers and smudging.
Up to 10 participants, more is welcomed with the understanding that everyone gets a chance to
talk.
The Talking Circle Activity:
Facilitator— opens up the circle with welcoming all participants to sit in a circle.
• Offers a prayer and smudging. Explain that it is not a coincidence that everyone here is
gathered in this circle. The Creator has brought each of us here today.
• Discuss the commitments of the talking circle, listening to others speak respectively. • Request
that what is said in this circle remains in the circle with respect to each other and what is said
and heard.
• Offer that Talking Circles can be as a group of both female & males, female only, and male
only, and is also used with families, or specific to youth.
• Light a candle and let it burn throughout the circle time, representing the light of our Creator.
• Start the Talking Circle with asking someone to volunteer to openly share their thoughts and
feelings, "tell us how you feel:' "what brought you here today?"
120
• Proceed to pass the Talking Circle object to the person wishing to speak, until all participants
have had a chance to talk. This could be an eagle feather, talking stick, stone or other sacred
object.
• Always end the Talking Circle with a prayer and smudging. It is ok if a participant volunteers to
say the closing prayer, Facilitator will assist with smudging the Circle.
• Participants leave the Talking Circle in a "good" peaceful way. Request participants to
embrace the person next to them with a handshake, pat on back, or a hug.
After the Talking Circle, offer a light snack and refreshments. Allow some social time to take
place among participants and facilitator. Give an open invitation to return to future listening
circles or request a special Talking Circle, female only, male only and/or family.
Ask participants to complete a short survey of the Talking Circle. This will allow the activity to
improve and continue to serve our participants at their request and need.
Talking Circle Survey
*Please complete this brief survey on the Talking Circle that you have participated in. This will
help us to make necessary improvements and continue to serve you to best of our abilities.
Rate your answers:
1—Strongly Agree 2-Agree 3-Underdecided/neutral 4-Disagree 5-Strongly Disagree
1. The Talking Circle was beneficial for me:
12345
2. 1 would recommend the Talking Circle to a friend:
12345
3. 1 had enough time to express my thoughts and feelings:
12345
4. 1 would like to participant in a ALL female or male Talking Circle:
12345
121
S. My family would benefit from a Family Talking Circle:
12345
6. What I liked best and least about the Talking Circle:
122
Concept: Restorative Justice Network
Why do we need this?
This network of people is from our community/communities. Recognizing that harm happens
and we want to address it when it does, however, currently there are no collective/
community -led models that are activated in our area. There needs to be an option for harmed
people to connect to people who can listen, hold space, offer options, connect to resources,
conduct RJ practices, and follow-up to maintain connection/relationship. Too often, people feel
isolated when harm happens and there is no outlet or option for connecting to resources/tools to
help work through that harm. This can lead to cycles of trauma that actively silence and divide
community members from each other, widening the gap between people and continuing a cycle
of violence/silence/fear/isolation. We need alternatives. We have what we need. Each other.
What does this look like?
One idea is to start with people in our community/ies that are currently trained/willing to host
talking circles.
Okay, but what does this really look like?
Someone calls in- an RJ practitioner answers the call. There is a list of questions to explain how
this works and asks what they need- an intake form if you will. Based on the situation, that
practitioner will listen and hold space, offer suggestions to:
• Meet the needs of the moment (e.g. Are you in a safe place? Do you need food?) with
options (e.g. crisis counseling with CommUnity, DVIP support)
• And offer Restorative Justice options, (e.g. Are you interested in a mediated
conversation with the person you are having conflict with? Do you want me to show up for you
at an event with someone who harmed you?).
• There will probably be other things we will dream of here, so we'll put a placeholder :)
o Post -crisis support/outlets/care - positive, creative, community -building stuff —and
bringing people who've experienced the power of these processes into training
We can draft a phone tree and put up a website. To create safer spaces, there can be QR codes
for follow up surveys, paper copies, whatever is needed to remain in touch and provide
feedback and accountability. Multilingual options!
Who is involved?
Anyone who is interested in learning these skills! We are all we have, and we are powerful. Our
community/ies are capable of addressing harm when it happens. We can learn the tools and the
skills to continually learn and relearn, committing to ourselves and each other that we are
sacred beings, worthy of dignity, joy, and healing.
Possible practitioners:
• Circle Keepers
• Teachers
• Mediators
• Sound healing
123
Horticulture therapy
Strategic Doers
Other kinds of professionals/skills:
• Visual artists
• Theater folx
• Poets
• Organizers
• Cooks
• Gardeners
• Makers
124
125
LATE HANDOUTS - THE
FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS
WERE DISTRIBUTED AT
THE MEETING
Redmond Jones
From: Foland, Isabelle J <isabelle-foland@uiowa.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, May 1, 2024 10:16 AM
To: Redmond Jones
Cc: Geoff Fruin
Subject: Re: [External] RE: Story Inquiry: TRC Budget
A
** This email originated outside of the City of Iowa City email system. Please take extra care opening any links or
attachments. **
Hi Redmond,
This is very helpful, thank you!
Best,
Isabelle
From: Redmond Jones <RJones@iowa-city.org>
Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 8:24 PM
To: Foland, Isabelle 1 <isabelle-foland@uiowa.edu>
Cc: Geoff Fruin <GFruin@iowa-city.org>
Subject: [External] RE: Story Inquiry: TRC Budget
Dear Ms. Foland;
Thank you for reaching out regarding the budget of the Iowa City Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). We
appreciate your interest in this important topic and welcome the opportunity to provide clarifications and general
information on the commission's spending.
The Iowa City TRC operates like most city commissions without a budget. However, the TRC has the unique task of
assisting with the oversight of several facilitation contracts with the City. These contracts are with several vendors:
Astig Planning LLC
Mediation Services of Eastern Iowa
Kearns & West
Mary Hoch Foundation (DBA Think Peace).
Collectively these contracts were approved by the City Council at an amount not -to -exceed $400,000. These contracts
were funded from the Black Lives Matter Fund of $1 million. The Black Lives Matter Fund was established to provide
financial support to organizations, projects, and initiatives that advance racial equity, social justice, and community
empowerment, particularly within communities of color.
As mentioned in our conversation the city is still working to close out these contracts to date the following has been
spent.
AstigPlanning LLC......................................................................4.........
$ 80,052.29
Mediation Services of Eastern Iowa..............................4...................
$ 21,586.18
Kearns & West.........................................................................4.4..........
$104,053.76
Mary Hoch Foundation (DBA Think Peace) ................ 4.....................
$ 91,574.71
As a part of the responsibility of the TRC to assist with the oversite of the facilitation contracts (both phase 1 and phase
2), the TRC was funded $10,000 per phase of the project for incidentals related to the marketing, execution, and related
activities of the truth -telling process. These items are listed below:
9/20/2023
300
Rental
Dream City
9/20/2023
722.99
Swag
Tru Art
9/21/2023
90
Meal
9/21/2023
182.1
Meal
10/21/2023
478.28
Food
10/21/2023
433.15
Supplies
Amazon
12/5/2023
300
Food
Royceann's Soul Food
11/21/2023
325
Food
Early Bird Cafe
11/21/2023
285
Food
Masala Indian Cuisine
1/4/2024
190.9
Swag
Tru Art
1/4/2024
236.73
Swag
Tru Art
2/6/2024
500
Rental
Wright House of Fashion
2/7/2024
1000
Rental
Wright House of Fashion
2/14/2024
362.86
Swag
Tru Art
Outside
2/20/2024
134.74
Printing
Technigraphics
2/21/2024
528.57
Food
Estelas
2/21/2024
349.88
Food
Estelas
2/21/2024
375.48
Food
3/11/2024
1000
Rental
Wright House of Fashion
3/19/2024
841.8
Food
Oasis Falafel
Outside
3/21/2024
380
Printing
Technigraphics
Outside
3/21/2024
66.22
Printing
Technigraphics
Outside
3/21/2024
65.43
Printing
Technigraphics
3/25/2024
5000
Videographer
Cocoa Creative
3/29/2024
1000
Rental
ICOR
3/29/2024
631.44
Food
4/29/2024
4500
Videographer
Cocoa Creative
For a total of $
20,280.57
(slightly over budget
by $280.57)
I hope this helps. Please do not hesitate to contact my office should you have any further inquiries. Again thank you for
your interest in this matter.
CITY OF IOVVA CITY
UNESCO CITY OF LIA'ERATURE
Redmond Jones II
Deputy City Manager
P: 319-356-5012
410 E. Washington St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
2