HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-27-2021 Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation CommissionAD HOC TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
TH U RS DAY, MAY 2712021
Electronic Regular Meeting - 7:00 PM
ZOOM MEETING PLATFORM
Electronic Meeting
(Pursuant to Iowa Code section 21.8)
An electronic meeting is being held because a meeting in person is impossible or impractical due to
concerns for the health and safety of commission members, staff and the public presented by
COVID-19.
You can participate in the meeting and can comment on an agenda item by going to
htlps:Hzoom.us/webinar/register/WN_2Lz7aHGzQ60yo� j 2aKcQ
via the internet to visit the Zoom meeting's registration page and submit the required information.
Once approved, you will receive an email message with a link to join the meeting. If you are asked
for a meeting or webinar ID, enter the ID number found in the email. A meeting password may also
be included in the email. Enter the password when prompted.
If you have no computer or smartphone, or a computer without a microphone, you may call in by
telephone by dialing (312) 626-6799. When prompted, enter the meeting or webinar ID. The ID
number for this meeting is: 956 2567 4823.
Once connected, you may dial *9 to "raise your hand," letting the meeting host know you would
like to speak. Providing comments in person is not an option.
AGENDA:
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
2. APPROVAL OF THE MAY 13, 2021 MEETING MINUTES
3. PUBLIC COMMENT OF ITEMS NOT ON THE AGENDA (Commentators shall address
the Commission for no more than 5 minutes. Commissioners shall not engage in
discussion with the public concerning said items).
4. UPDATE ON LAND & LABOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT 5 MINUTES*
5. IOWA CATHOLIC WORKER HOUSE PRESENTATION 10-15 MINUTES*
6. AFRICAN COALITION PRESENTATION 10 MINUTES*
7. UPDATE/DISCUSSION ON RFP FOR FACILITATOR
8. DISCUSSION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEM: COMMUNITY TOPICS WE WANT DISCUSSED
(Ideally this agenda item would help us have a time to decide what this would look like at
future meetings, we don't want dialogue happening during commissioner
announcements, and having an agenda item like this may assure things don't get
convoluted with commissioner announcements).
9. DISCUSSION ON WHETHER TO HOLD A SPECIAL MEETING TO MEET WITH RON
WAKABAYAS H I
10. COMMISSION ANNOUCEMENTS (Commissioners shall not engage in discussion with one
another concerning said announcements).
11. STAFF ANNOUNCEMENTS
12. ADJOURNMENT
*The times listed in the agenda are the anticipated duration of that particular agenda item. The actual
discussion may take more or less time than anticipated.
If you will need a disability -related accommodation to participate in this meeting please contact the
Equity Director, Stefanie Bowers, at 319-356-5022 or at stefanie-bowers(a-)-iowa-city.or_g. Early requests
are strongly encouraged to allow sufficient time to meet your accessibility needs.
If you will need disability -related accommodations in order to participate in this program/event, please contact
Stefanie Bowers at 319-356-5022, stefanie-bowers@iowa-city.org. Early requests are strongly encouraged to
allow sufficient time to meet your access needs.
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AD HOC TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
MAY 27,2021 MEETING PACKET CONTENTS
AGENDA ITEM #2
• DRAFT MAY 13, 2021 MEETING MINUTES
AGENDA ITEM #5
• ARTICLE ON THE CATHOLIC CASE FOR AN EXCLUDED
WORKERS FUND
• NOTE ON AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN ACT OF 2021
• AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN ACT ROADMAP
AGENDA ITEM #7
• FACILITATOR STRATEGIC PLANNER DESCRIPTION
May 13, 2021
Draft Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation Commission Minutes
(Electronic) Zoom Platform
Regular Meeting
Commissioners present: Amel Ali, Daphney Daniel, Chastity Dillard, Wangui Gathua, Eric Harris, Clifton
Johnson, Kevin Rivera, Sikowiss, Mohamed Traore.
Staff present: Stefanie Bowers.
(Electronic Meeting Pursuant to Iowa Code section 21.8)
An electronic meeting was held because a meeting in person was impossible or impractical due to
concerns for the health and safety of commission members, staff, and the public presented by
COVID-19.
Meeting called to order: 7:11 PM
Approval of the minutes from the April 29, 2021 meeting: Motion by Rivera, seconded by Ali. Motion
passes 9-0.
Public comment of items not on the agenda: Annie Tucker thanked the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission (TRC) for their service. Annie is the Executive Director for Mediation Services of Eastern
Iowa (MSEI). MSEI offers Circle Trainings and works with a diverse group of populations. Annie also
would like to work with the TRC on their transformative justice and restorative justice efforts as she has
years of experience on these topics.
Discussion on including a land acknowledgment as a part of TRC meetings: Rivera and Sikowiss will
have something to present to the entire TRC soon for their review and approval.
Staff follow-up on TRC questions: The TRC can accept testimonies from anyone who wishes to
participate regardless of age. The only reminder is that no testimony can be compelled or made
confidential. All TRC information collected during their term lengths and after will be stored on City
servers and accessible to the public. Any additional staffing resources needed by the TRC should be
requested as part of the budget. This would include AmeriCorps and interns. Any staff that is approved
would be hired and supervised by the Office of Equity and Human Rights. Any stipends paid to TRC
members should be requested as part of their budget. To allow for community access to TRC meetings,
forums, and, events, members of the TRC should work with staff to make sure that places utilized are
part of the City's transit service lines. There is limited availability for the use of City vehicles to provide
transportation for some events. Requests for the TRC to have social media accounts should be proposed
in the budget submission. Childcare requests for TRC events and programs should also be proposed in
the budget submission.
Discuss and vote on facilitator hiring process including Commissioner Daniel's findings: Daniels has
done research to make sure the process for the facilitator is fair and transparent. There was discussion
on the various roles a facilitator could play for the TRC and whether the hiring of a strategic planner in
addition to a facilitator would be helpful to the TRC. Traore would like to see someone hired who is
committed to living in the Johnson County area. Rivera believes that sharing the prior agreement the
TRC had with Jesse Case with new TRC members would be useful to see what may be applicable as a
part of a new agreement. Harris wants someone selected who understands the mission. Rivera made a
motion to proceed on hiring a facilitator using the rfp process (request for proposals), Daniels seconded.
The motion passed 7-2. (Harris, Johnson in the negative). The budget committee will work on drafting
the request for proposals. Rivera will join the budget committee.
Review and approve bylaws: Item 4 is amended to include the chair and vice chair will set the agenda.
Item 7 is amended to strike "majority" and add "5 vote minimum. Motion by Gathua to adopt the
bylaws as amended, seconded by Dillard. Motion passes 9-0.
Commissioner Announcements: Traore read a letter from several community organizations on funding
excluded, low wage, and public -sector workers through the American Rescue Act. Traore also
mentioned an upcoming meeting, Peoples Townhall, being held on May 17 from 6-7 pm via Zoom. Ali
recently participated in a program on the school to prison pipeline and would encourage others to
watch it. Traore will be in Ankeny next Wednesday -Friday for a "Strategic Doing" training. Harris would
like to see the TRC do more. Harris reports there is a lot of stuff going on. Gathua attended the Peoples
Truth and Reckoning Commission meeting of May 6 along with 3 other TRC members.
Adjourn:8:51PM
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512 /2021 The Catholic case for an excluded workers fund I The Gazette
The Catholic case for an excluded workers fund
Local leaden across Iowa should use federal funds to address historic inequities exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic
Guillermo Trevino, Jr. and Kathy Lee -Son
May. 22, 2021 12:00 pm
A Catholic church in Cedar Rapids. (Andy Abeyta/The Gazette)
In the coming weeks, elected leaders at every level of government in Iowa will begin to decide haw to invest $2.7
billion dollars corning our way from the American Rescue Plan.
Around $1.4 billion will go directly to the governor. But a new state tax cut could trigger a forfeiture clause.
jeopardizing hundreds of millions of dollars of this funding.
We hope and pray the governor will use the rest of her share to refill the state's badly depleted unemployment
trust fund.
or-
ii
In Catholic social teaching, for a public policy to be just, it must promote the dignity of the
human person, the common good and have a preferential option for the poor.
But what of the other $1.3 billion corning to Iowa's city, county and tribal governments? Johnson County
municipalities will collectively receive $54 million. Muscatine County and its cities, $15 million. Scott County,
Davenport and area towns, more than $80 million.
The COVID pandemic has impacted all Iowans, but not equally. Front-line, essential workers, immigrants, Black,
indigenous, rural, elderly and disabled people have been hardest hit. Local leaders across Iowa should allocate
these funds in a way that addresses the historic inequities against these communities, inequalities exposed and
exacerbated by the pandemic.
In Catholic social teaching, for a public policy to be just, it must promote the dignity of the human person, the
common good and have a preferential option for the poor. Communitarianism emphasizes the responsibility of
the individual to the community and the social importance of the family. Distributism is wealth and power widely
shared, not concentrated in the hands of the few. Subsidiarity means decisions should be made by those
impacted most.
Accordingly, we should first turn to the most directly impacted Iowans to ask where these new investments
would do the most good. So that's what we did.
In our vocations as priest and physician, and as Catholic workers, we spent the last year walking with migrant
workers. From infections, hospitalizations and deaths, to loss of jobs and income, there is little question Iowa's
immigrant workforce was among the most devastated by the pandemic. They were also left out of stimulus
payments, unemployment insurance and new monthly childcare checks.
Over the last }rear, Catholic Workers also partnered with labor, rural cornmunity and racial justice allies who
spent the pandemic bargaining new contracts for school and hospital workers, surveying rural seniors and
marching in the streets.
Together with other like-minded groups, we formed the Johnson County Fund Excluded workers Coalition as a
vehicle for immigrants, law -wage workers, and previously incarcerated people to lead the way. Their presence
and their voices at recent town hall forums, Iowa City Council and Johnson County supervisors meetings has
been ubiquitous. Their program for an Excluded Workers Fund is the only comprehensive plan on the table.
We have a historic opportunity to write a new story, not just far Johnson County and Iowa City, but for all of Iowa.
Working together without the governor or state Legislature, local governments should coordinate the investment
of $1.3 billion in discretionary funding to put people first.
https:llwww.riieg-azette.com/opiiiion/ilic-catholic-case-for-sii-excluded-workers-rundl'?print 1 ?2
5/25/2021
The Catholic case for an excluded workers fund I The Gazette
$1.3 billion is enough to give:
1. All of Iowa's 50,000 undocumented immigrants the stimulus checks they earned with their labor but never
received.
2. Hazard pay raises for the 450,000 low -wage essential workers in Iowa who kept our state going throughout
the crisis.
3. More than half a billion dollars to affordable housing, public transportation and other critical projects.
The Excluded Workers Fund is an outline of specific investments local and county governments can adopt, rooted
in the needs and the priorities of Iowans, and focused on addressing the disparate impact the pandemic has had
on the most vulnerable and marginalized communities.
We have an opportunity to enact a bold vision for a more just and democratic Iowa. We can't go wrong when we
listen, and then do what we hear.
The Reverend Guillermo Trevino, Jr. is parochial vicar at St. Patrick in Iowa City and St. Joseph in West Liberty. Dr. Kathy
Lee -Son is a physician and a parishioner at St. Patrick Catholic Church.
https://www.thegazette.com/opinion/the-catholic-case-for-an-excluded-workers-fund/?print 2/2
American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 ("ARPA"')'.
Subtitle M Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds
Sec. 9901. Amending Sec. 602(c)(1)—(2)
"(c) Requirements.
"(1) USE OF FUNDS. Subject to paragraph (2), and except as provided in paragraph
(3), a State, territory, or Tribal government shall only use the funds provided under a
payment made under this section, or transferred pursuant to section 603 (c)(4), to cover
costs incurred by the State, territory, or Tribal government, by December 31, 2024
"(A) to respond to the public health emergency with respect to the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID— 19) or its negative economic impacts, including assistance
to households, small businesses, and nonprofits, or aid to impacted industries such
as tourism, travel, and hospitality;
"(B) to respond to workers performing essential work during the COVID-19
public health emergency by providing premium pay to eligible workers of the
State, territory, or Tribal government that are performing such essential work, or
by providing grants to eligible employers that have eligible workers who perform
essential work;
"(C) for the provision of government services to the extent of the reduction in
revenue of such State, territory, or Tribal government due to the COVID--19
public health emergency relative to revenues collected in the most recent full
fiscal year of the State, territory, or Tribal government prior to the emergency; or
"(D) to make necessary investments in water, sewer, or broadband infrastructure.
"(2) FURTHER RESTRICTION ON USE OF FUNDS.
"(A) IN GENERAL.A State or territory shall not use the funds provided under
this section or transferred pursuant to section 603(c)(4) to either directly or
indirectly offset a reduction in the net tax revenue of such State or territory
resulting from a change in law, regulation, or administrative interpretation during
the covered period that reduces any tax (by providing for a reduction in a rate, a
rebate, a deduction, a credit, or otherwise) or delays the imposition of any tax or
tax increase.
"(B) PENSION FUNDS. —No State or territory may use funds made available
under this section for deposit into any pension fund.
1 Text - H.R.1319 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, H.R.1319, 117th Cong.
(2021), https://www.congress.gov/Dill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/text.
Summary
Subtitle M of the American Rescue Flan Act of 2021 "ARPA" provides billions of
dollars in aid to state, local, and tribal governments. Although the plan gives these governments a
lot of discretion on how to use the funds there are basic limitations on how the funds can be used.
The governments who receive funding under Subtitle M "shall only use the funds Provided" for
four purposes as outlined 1n subsection l . Three of the four purposes are Covid- 1 related,
essentially requiring governments to use the funds to aid pandemic response and recovery. The
last of the four provisions is limited to only "necessary investments" 1n "water, sower, or
broadband infrastructure".
Subsection 2 of Subtitle M further restricts the use of the funds by prohibiting both the use of
funds to offset lost tax revenue and the deposit offuns into pension accounts.
Subtitle C of the American Fescue Plan Act of 2021 ("'ARPA") provides $852,000,000to
the Corporation for National and Community "CNCS" the independent agency of the US
government that operates volunteer programs life AmeriCorps. and National Senior Service
Corps. The funds are to be used to increase the number of program participants, stipends and
program administration.
Many ny CNCS programs provide grants to a broad range of local and -national organizations,
governments, and agencies committed to using service to address compelling community issues.
These grants are disbursed is the form of stipends and educational awards for volunteers. The
ARPA funding will likely prioritize immediate and targeted investments that further the > iden
Administration's C OVID - 19 response strategy I11e addressing pandemic related food instability,
assisting schools reopen safely, and aiding communities address other pandemic related
challenges. Nevertheless, the Subtitle C funds are not as restricted as the Subtitle 1I and can be
utilized to support the work of local governmental bodies unrelated to Covid-1 .
" n hi si on
The Truth. and Reconciliation Commission is unlikely to receive American Rescue Plan Act
funds directly. The TRC may indirectly benefit from the ARPA funds in the form of a CNCS
program volunteer.
Recommendations
• Do not delay submission of TRC budget to Iowa C1ty's City Council
• Discuss and explore option to request ArrieriCorps or other CNCS program member
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I nd la rya Sta to Board of AccounLs https:!hvww. in .govrsbc�w'file&'A P--Title-bry-Title-SUrr mart'- l .pdF
Title -By -Title Summary of the American Rescue Plain
The foil n j ng ti t1 b -title summary ontl ines the Ame ri-ealn Rescue P I a n Ac t as passed by the
enate on March 6", 2021. The lei 11 wil l provid a ti rgcnt and targeted fu nd ing to defeat the virus
and provide workeTs and faM i I i e the resourcessurer i �r� they -need to surthe pandemic hi 1e the
v ac c i ne is di strihuted to eve A rnerican _
The (till provides ror a total of $1.88 trillion in federal investments.
Ti fie I ` Com inittee n n Ag He n I to rei n ( ri ti on, and Fo res try
• N n tri#i on + The b i 11 wi 11 exte nd the 15% in a rease in SN AP benefits through September
30, 2021 to address the Munger crisis. As rang as 50 ini ll ion Ames cans have stniggled
to feed them selves or th el r famy 1 jes duhng th c pan demy c and need con inued support to
put food on the table.
• The bill will extend the Pn ndeml*c E BT prograin which helps children in raced b
provi ding fam11 ies, w hn normal lou I d Lei ve school rn ca is in person, w ith the val uc o f
those missed school breakfasts and 1 unc h es, Dun- ng this ti me of hi stonic hunger for
ALYLi�a,rI can Tamil ies, it i s c ri ti cal that this proms is avai lahl-e through the pan deny i c,
incl ud ing summer months to keep the 22 mi 1 [ion chi ldren who use thi s program fed.
• Th i s bi I I wl I I provide funding for outreach and tuo dem i zat ton to inake the WIC program
more nser,ftiendl y and inn r s es- th e Cash Val uo Voucher bene1 i t �,o morns and babies
can hut' additi ona1 frul ts an d vegetahl es. Participati on in W 1 C has dec 1 i ned signi fi ca-n d
i n recent yew, barely ri s ing duri ng the pandem io,
•inn u I , I� i r� - 19he b i I I i I l bui id on the b i pa rtisan ap p ro ach m the
Decem be i- COV I D-19 pac kago} by providing 4 b i l I i on to s apport the food supply ohai n
through the purchase and d i sti�j b u t i o n of food the purchase of PPE for i an n workers and
otherf
ron tl in food o rk el-s, and f i n an ci a1 �� � ��r 1'aMen' rnal 14n (I nj t!(11 Urn Sized
food processing companies, far minrs markets, and others tO Create more res t litnt and
CoRIP etitlVe food supply chains r It a lso provides fu nd ing to iron itnr OVID- 19 i it
animals and reduce overtime inspection fees for small meat and poultxy processors.
nr food supply chain has sh own to be highl y v n1 nerah to duo to the COVI D- 19 erisi S
affecting fanners, families, food b u c;i nesses# and essential. food workers,
• Farmers of C o1 o r: Th e hi l I wi 1 I p rovi ale debt rel i of an d assistant-e, to socially
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers who have faced disp ropnrt i on ate i mpacts from the
pa ride its i c as a result o f I o n gsta n d i ng di sc r i in ination . The A gri cultu re
D epartment } s tenth ng and fi tune [a1 ass istaneo pmgrarns have long di soritninated
again st Black, Tnd i genous, H ispanic, and other farmer o C cc to r, B I ack farmets in the
South a1 one have I ost m ore than 12 rn i I 1 ion acres of farm lard si nc a the 195 Os and man y
fanners of color who reina i n in agriculture struggle with burdensome debt that his
preven t d marry from bei ng ab I e to grow and sn stain t heir fariu s} espec is I I y during the
pa ride its i c 6 Th i s is an i ru portant ste p to e n su re those fariners bene fit from CO V III-19
assistance programs.
• R n ral Heal ( h C a: Thi s. hi l 1 wi l I provide a lifel i-n e for h ealth ca re i n r u rat A rrrerica by
increasing vaccine distribution capacity, providing medi
recal supplies and medical surge
capac i ty} expand access to teleheakh, and help to fil 1 the ga p for rn rn l hea lthca im
provi d a m an y o f whom were already stretched th its before COV 1 D- 19 an d have
suffered addi ti o rn a I I t 'jjUe (lue to the [l(leinie+
Ynte r-n ntinnnl Food Aid - The bill wi 11 provide 00 million to Food for Peace Title lI to
purchase US grown coin, mod i tles for distribution to those experiencing hunger in
develop i ng co untri es, COV l D-19 has worsened the hanger en'si s around the world, with
several coun in es at-rj sk of 1f m its a as a re ul t _
T'ille 11— Comm'I ttee on l I e a l t h, Education., Labe r a n d Pensin n s
Vacs i n es: l n order to ensure vacci nee rear h every community as qui ckly as possih I e,
especially communities of color and hard to reach aims, there is $ 7.5 billion in CDC
fund i rig for vaccinc distribution i neluding the vaoci ne cl in is s proposed by the B idea
Am in istration.. There is al so $5.2 h it 1 inn for BARDA for vacci ne and su pp I i CS
Procurement.
it T es 0 n g; The hill provides $48.3 hil lion for testing in order to c on to i n the v i r-us and
mitigatc, its ects, hi re stall~ for contact trac inn, provide PPE -for fro n t l i ne Ilea lth
workers., and take other steps to coin hat the A rus, such as enab I i ng i solat io n a a d
ua i I n ti nC. rrh a bi I l a I so prov i des I.7 3 3 bi I 1 ion for enfianc ed genomic sequenc i 11 g
* Kea It h W o r k fo r ee. Pub I i c h ea I th workers i n Colin M tin i ties across the co entry are the key
to getti rn g the Vi run un der iltrol r Every cl inician that adm i 111 stern the v acc ine IS
supporter) by a team of pub li c h ca I th wormers who mak c the system work r H n ev-ear. ] oca1
and state hea lth d epartnre ii t s ha ve lost 2 3 percent of the it workforce s its ce 2 008. and
a I most a quarte r o f hca I t 1i depa rtm ent sta ff are currently el igible for reti rement. T li i s h i 11
prov i des 7.66 h i 11 i on to ho I sic r the pub 1 i c hea I th workfo rcc and CO V lid- 19 respo rrsc.
u rn m u n i ty Hea ith Cen teas and Health D i sp arities F Deeply ronte-d systenii c racism }
h]US 4 and discnMinati n have created health di Spann es that have been exacerbated by the
Flawed pa ndeMic response. Sign i fica.nt investments are necessary to repair, and begin to
reverse} these disparities — t li is h i 11 del fivers i nimediate reli of to frontl i ne prov iders who
serve co-mmuni t ies c f color and underserved populat inns hardest hit by pandcmi c. This
includes 7�6 hi 11 ion for com rn un i ty health centcrs} I A4 h it 1 i an for 0 1 der AmCH cans
et programs. 00 to i 11 iota for the N ational Hca I th Serviecs iCorps an d mom.
Men to 111 ealth ; The treed for access ihle mental health and s ri hstance use d i sorrier
treatment has skyrocketed during the pandemic, with cash -strapped states and local ities
strugg I i ng to meet the need. The bi 11 i ne Iudes $3.8 8 bi I I ion to ex Ira nd on those
investments made i ii t li e year-end 2020 paeka L-Pe to i ne rease avai la hi I i ty of treat ment.
* K=12 Sc h oo Is * ARP Provides over 1 5 bi l I i on for puhl fie K - 12 school s to safel y reopen
schools for y nip on 1 earning, address I earning loss, and support students as th ey work t
recover From the long -terra impacts of the panderni c . The hill includes l 2.747 billion
in frill inn for the Elementary and Secondary School Ed ucat i on Relief Fund (ESS ER) .
Stites are required to subgrant at l ear t 90 percent of ESSER funds to school di ti-i cts to
support the implementation of public health protocols to safely reopen sell nc l s for in -
person 1 ea.rm' ng} address students" learning loss, and meet students" long-terin academic.
social, and emotional needs, School districts -and States -are required to use at least 20
percent and .5 pnrce n t, ros pest i volt', of ESSER fund s to i mp I c item evidence -haled
interventions to address learning loss. States are also required to use are additional 1
pore ( of th ei r state- I eve I E SSER fur, ds for evideri ce-based sum m er crn ri chni erg I
programs and an additional 1 perc cnt of their state -level ESSER funds for evidence -based
comprehensive afterschool programs. Additionally, ARP includes 8 o0 million in
deli sated fund] n for the ident�ificatiion and �r�� i i � of wraparound services for students
experiencing lain rnelessness and ov er $3 lei ll ion i n fUnding for programs authorized under
the Endividuals with Disabilities Ld u ca t i o n Act. ARP also includes $2.75 billion for
States to prov i de s ices to norr-pub l i Q �xh l that serve a Significant percentage of
to ei�t r l - income l��rn it I � � `{maims manse of a oWl provision 111 Delp to
protect agai IlSt l - 12 education cuts at the state a nd local level and a ""mai ntemmce of
equi ty}t r u i rement w it 1 ensure h i h er-poverty sch oo l di trlets an d schoo I s do not
shoal der a di sproportionate amount of any date or I oval education cuts- that do occ nr.
* H igh er Ed: ARPA provides 3 9�6 lei 11ion to call-eges and universities and their students.
At least half of such funding most he spent on emergency financial aid grants to students
to 11 a 1p them wi th col loge costs and basic -needs I i k e food, housing, and h ealth care, w i th
the other hal f avail ahle to insti t rations of higher edr«at ion to dewy lost revenue and
irrereas ed -costs fro in deel in ing e n r o 11 m onti the tra ns i tion to on'! i ne I cam ing} closures of
revenue-prodn stag services and fact 1 ities, and VID-1 testing, vacci ration, PPE} and
clan Broom retrof ts+ In t i tutions hav e shed over 650,000 1 obs since the parrdem is began
th a fastest i n recorded h istor } often hitti ng 1 ow -wage wo rkers and staff of cc to r h ardent.
A '.'maintenance of ef'ortii provision w 111 hc, I p to protect against h igher ed is cation cn is at
the state and local level.,
Child Care and Head Start: ARPA includes 39 billion for child ewe, including nearly
S .21b i [ l i on for Chi Id Care Stab 11 ization gran is an d ncarl 15 bil lion for the Ch 11d Care
and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) program. States must use Child Care
Stab i 1 i zati rr funds to award subgran is to Baal i 1 i �d ch i 1 d care pry) v i ders that are e i �>� er
open of ternpomn I y c I o led to help support the i t operation s during t he pandemi c
ubgra its can be used for expenses such as personnel expenses, rent and mortgage
payments, C; I caning suppl i es an d person al prutecfive equi prn ent, m enta I health services
for children and staff, and other goods and services necessary to maintain or resume
operat i ons o f the ch i 1d care provider. Su hgrant recipients must certi fy that they will ah ide
by state an d local public health guidance. Continue to pad' th eir staff fn I l wages, and
provide copayment andtuition r 1 i t aMi 1 i es� to the ex tent posy i h I e} as a condition of
su hgrant fundi n g. States may resew e up to 10 percent of grant funds for snpp I y h U i I d ing,
administrative, and technical assistance cost sT The lei ld CareStab] liZationfand i ng wil l
help 6so-stai n an esti mated 449,000 c hi Id care prov i dem, serum g a to tal of 73 m i 11 1011
children., for 6 months. The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) funds
can he used 0 ex ih ly by states, includ i ng for chi lei care snbSi di es. ARPA gives states the
auth n t to ex pan d el i i bi 1 ity for chi 1d care ass i stance to e6ssential workers, regardless of
their inconie 6 The CCDBG funds will expand child care assistance to an estimated
875 �000 ch i I dr en - - A R P A also i n c1 ndes 1 h i 111 on ror Head Start, to ensure H ead Start
prograrns have the resources they nocd to cont i rune safc1 y p rovidi a S sery i cos to oh i 1dron
and families throughout the panel er-ni c ,
* Family Violence n nil h ild Abuse n se Prevention and Treatment; ARP i nc I ndts $3 0
m ' I l i � -n i n f tLlid' ng for programs author- zed an der A IOTA - Farm 1 i � � ��� In 9 i ner`leased
strossors rclated to finane is 1 hardsh ip and i so tat ion dnri rig th i s pandem i c. Th i s inn lndos
S250 rni 1 li on in fund inn fro r corn in un ity-based ch it d abuse preven t i on programs to
Provide services to strengthen and support f'arn it i'S thmnghont the pandeMi cT The
fund i ng wil 1 ensure that chi 1d welfare agenoias hav a the necessary supports to sa f e I y
prevent, investigate, and treat child abuse and neglect. The proposal also includes funding
for domestic, Violence and sexual assault semice providers.
* L1 H EA P and Water Utility Bill Assistance.* ARPA i ncl ndes $4.5 hi 11 ion for the Low -
Inc ome H ome Lrrerff A ssi stanc a Program (LrIHEA'?)i and S50 0 my 111on for low-income
water as s i sta a cc. One of th a fi rst h i I C s that low-i ncome i rid ividn a I s stop paying when
un&a,r f i n as c i a l hardsh i P are Uti 1 i ty b it Is. During the COV I D-19 p-andemi �:,, -and espec i al I y
th is winter, non-payment rates have skyrocketed for electricity, heating, and water
nti lines, pas i no a rnou nting risk of u t i I ity- shnto ffs i n t he mild I e of the w i nter, do ri ng a
panders i c, Fundi a g for L[ H EA P an d w-ater oti lity h i 1 I assistail ce will prop,, i de v i tal support
to help low income fami li e� meet their Utility expenses.
* Institute of Museum and L ib r$r v Services: A RPA in -eludes 200 million in funding for
Y
1 i braries through IM L , These fo a ds wi I I pr ov ide a mergency ref ief to over 17,000 pub I i c
libraries across the eonntt . This funding will allow libraries to sorely veopen and
implement public l ea l th protocol �i, This emergency relief will enable libraries to prov ]9 de
tridents with accessible i-Fi, Internet dots pots, eel ncat ion resonrees, expanded digital
resources, and workforce development opportunities, which are heavily relied upon
�;v r-v i ces for r ayg i nal i zt,i i ndi xr i Final s
* ntio n al End owment for the Arts and N ntio n al End owm ent for the I In rnnn ities F
A RPA i no1ndes $13 5 m j 111 on ap i ece for the N E A and N E H L These funds W i 1 I s npport arts
and cultural organizations to address la orfis, budget cuts, and implementation of public
h eal ih prone I s to saft� I y r pen
* Corporation for National and Community crvice (CNCS)-., ARPA includes $1 billion
to support CNCS. Additional funding WIll PaSillon Amy Corps to increase the n um be i- of
Iran oral servi ce participants wh i le making i mined iate targeted i tivestments to meet t h e
pliorities o ut I ir~ eel in th a B i dery Adm i n i stration } s TD-19 response Sir 'ateg t i nel Udin
helping schools safely reopen., tackling the growing hunger crisis, and helping
Co M M U n i ties aoro ss t h c n ation address other eha 11 e n ges h rou ght on by the p anderrtie,
* Department of Labor (DO L): ARPA provides addit i onal fu nd i ng of S200 m i I 1 i ors for
I L wormer protection enforcement act, vitics. This Includes increases to the Wage and
Hour Hi i sion a the Office o f� Workers" �mp�ri�a ti �n Programs, the Office ce of the
Solicitor, the Mine a r'ety and Health Admin i c;tmfi on. the Occupational Sarety and Health
Adrni ni strati on. and the Offic c o f Inspector 6 c neral
Title I II Cora rn ittee o n B a n ki n g, H ousi n g, are d U rh an A fl'ai rs
E rnergencwy Rt n to I Assistn nee', The S25 hi 1 lion in emergency rental ass istance prov i ded
iri the December package was a good start, but falls short of the estimated 5 7 hi ll ion i n
hack gent that renters. already owed as of Jat.nar . The American Rescue Plain includes
S21.55 hi 1 ilon in Emergency l enta 1 As si stance to augment funds prov i ded to states.
l alifie : and ten itoric s i n December to 1��1� �`aMi li a pay the rent and Uti 1 i ties and stay
A
n their homes.
Heusi n g Counseling: M it 1 i o n� of homeowners and renters are behind on monthly
payments and will need help nav i-ea t ino assistance and modification and workout options.
Housing counselors are e n tlil�j.ftont 1 fines of grov i ding this advice, yet they have no t
received funding since the pandeMic began- The American Rescue Plan PrOVIdes J 00
in i I I io n for hoe s i rig eon fuel ing, wh ich wi 11 be d istributerl to hoe s i ng eou n se1 inn
organizations through Neighhor orks. This funding wil l a] low counselors to }-yelp both
homeowner and renters remain in their homes and avoid being faced with ovemrhclmlng
debt burdens.
Ass is t a n cc for People E xp erienci n g Homelessness'. Before the pandemic, there wcrp
already � n estimated 5 6 S.000 i ndiv.dual s and fam i I ies expen en ci rig hornelessn ess, iizn
of whom have and l -in g health challenges. The American Rescue Plan includes 5
h i 11 ion to lie I p eornmu n it ies provide supportive services and sale} soc is 1 I y d i stant housi n g
se l Ut i Onsa 1 neludi ng purchase of properties like rn otel s for use as -non-congregate sh e l ter,
to protect the health of these lamill es and indi vi dual s and hel p control transmission 0 r
eoronav i rus
• Emergency Housing Vouchers: Emergency housing vouchers will transition high -need
homelessand at -risk faMi li
es,, youth, an d i nd'l v i dual s, i n e1 udi rig sure i vors o f dom esti C
violence and human trafficking, to stable housing. The 5 billion included in the
A rn eriean Rescue Plan will provi de a inure stable p l atforin to access health care,
e�ln tt on, find jobs. Emergency hour i r�� �� i�e>� erg �� i I 1 e dire air these assisted families
no l ors er need them.
• Dural Rental A ssi st a n c e ; The hj I 1 pro v ides $10o to it li on to support honseho I& res id in
in USDA- subs id [zed ru rya I p roperties and who are struggl ing to pay rent during the
coronaviras.
Mortgage, and Utility Assistance: An estimated 3.3 My 11 ion homeow ne are behind on
th-ei r payments or in foreclosure, and more horneowners. are likely behind on uti l i ties and
property taxes. H omeo ners of ee I or are di sp re portion tely 1 ikel y to h acre to I I en behi rid
d-�Lri n g the pan dem i c. There has b een no fan d i ng dic ated to ass] st horn e ms, n ers si n ee
the pandemic began, and with millions of forbearance plans set to expire in the months
ahead, fu nd i ng WI 11 he Critical to help homeowners get hack on track. The American
Rescue Plan provides$9.961 bi I l i on in �'i�ri�lithrough the Department of Trwsury to
states, tern for es., tribes., and tribally designated housing entities to provide direct
assistance to homeowners.
* R u r al Horn cow n c r F Thousands o f low- income housoh o Ids who have become
Rio rneo ners through the USDA 50. and 504 Direct mortgage programs have fallen
behind on their payments during this pnnderrn is . The American Rescue Flan provides 3 9
mill ion for these mortgage prograrns to a I 1 ow U S D A to help homeowners who have
f'al 1 en heh ind get hack on truck _
* Fair Hu u sing: Fai r housing o rganizati ons help renters, hoireow ners} and housi ng
providers identify and combat lousing discrimination and need additional resources to
addressthe sudden increase i ]1 hOUSIng challenges and need for oc 9lal ly_dstaiiced
Dery i e s amid the pandeir i e � The American Rescue Plan Act prov 1 des $20 m ill [on to help
fair housing organizations meet increased Fair housing needs.
* Pu b I i c T r anspo rtati on; P n h lie trun sportuti on agcnc ies estimate they face more th an teas
of bi 11 ions of additional cats and rev eiiue lose.s related to the 1D-19 Cr'isi S. Th e
A m erica .fescue Plan Act provi des 3 0 A h 1111 on of aridity oral relic f funding to trnri�y t
agate i es to prevent I ayoffs of Iran s it workers and prevent severe cuts to tra n s i t se ry i Ces
that essential workers and the general puhl is rel on. I 1 opt o�' th e traris it r-� I i �#' �'L� rid i rig i s
provi ded as formula mn is based on op is ng costs, the l i parfti.an forma I a cs tab] i.led 1n
preceding re lick` legi s I ation. Fund ing i s also i nclu &d to ensu re th at ongo i no. tra its i t
construction prof ects do not exile i e- n Qe costl y de I u s or slo do ns . Th e I egislati on al so
includes $100 mill ion to preserve in sere j ty buses services under the sect] on 5 311 �
program.
* m al I Bu sinus Capitals, S SBC1 provides i nviv astment for state governments to set up
programs that pan leverage billions of dolly i n private capital for low -interest loans and
other investmen t to hel p entrepreneurs and the small hnsy ness economy rebound from thy
crisis. The $1.5 billion in SSBC1 in 2010 helped states leverage at least 10 times. the
am ours t of th el r S SBCl funds to generaten new snial l bus Mess handi - helping to date or
retain over 240,0001 ohs. Th e Amen'can Rescue Plan p mv id es- S 10 b i 1 I i on Cot the SSBC I
to he 1p states support s ina1 I bus inesses as they recover frorn the pa ndein j c and reein ergs
stronger and rnort resilient than before
Defense Prodmetion Act � In order to corn but COVT D-19 and address sb ortfal 1 s in ouir
medical supply chain, the American Rescue Plan provides 10 billion to expand domestic
productio n of personal protective equ i p item (PPE), vucc ines, and other need i ca l suppl dos.
T i tl e I V- C it rn m i twe o n Ho mella n d Secu rity artd Govern men I Affair!�
* D isaster Reif of F u n d & Fu neral Ass istu n ce: The b i 1 l w 111 provide S5 0 mill [on for the
Disaster Rel icy' Fund (D fF) at the Fede ra I E tnergency M anagement Agency (FEMA),
which assists states, Tribal Nations, and toi_ritori eS, aS Wei] US individuals and qualifying
private nonprofits } as th ey respond to th a over 29 mi 1 I ion COVI D-19 ens&s across the
country that have led to over 525,000 deaths. This funding curt pay for personal
proteCtive uipmenta vaccine distribudon- SanitiZution of schools, public transit, and
courthouses; teal th care overtime costs, and oth er needs, TIC i .� mon ey ca n a1 so be
al located to extending the hard fought fimerat assistance pro ram Democrats secured in
the 1 ast COI H rel ie i* pac ka a tha t w 111 rnb urse those w ho have 1 ost a loved one t
O 1D for man v common fu n c ra I e x lie n se.s
FF MA Grant Programs: Emergency managers, 1~irc ighters, and govom m ental and non-
governmental organizations such as food pantries and shelters have been on the frontl fines
of OVTD- 19 response acrolss the co untrt _ These organ izations have been strai ned b y
sty r os i n n ced a nd derna nd fo r their help. The pa n dory fie has i nereased operationa L costs,
reduced cap ac i ty} and crea w -d sh ortf'al is in many in n n i c ipal budgets. The hi I I prov ides
rr�t'ur�ifor the F1rri �`rr Shelter Program,
Eme y
Management Performance Grants; Assistance to Fi re r gh ter C rants; and, Sta Ping for
Adequate Fire and Emergency response Grants. These resources will ensure: that these
riti l I`ro� lme organ i ti�rt� i I 1 he ab I c to continue to support COV I D- 19 response
to a I l fir, provide %l ital rvi-ces, deliver humanitarian relief, and maintain capacity to
respond to othe r emergencies i n th c1 r coniniun ities .
ve rsight of COVID Relief Fund i o g F Co m prehensive oversight is needed to rega i n
publ i c trust and make. su re fedora I Flo l I airs have been and contm ue to he spent re:Spon Si hl y,
The bi 11 supports th c Gov ernmen t A ccountabi li ty Office and th c Pandeinio Reapanse
Acconntabi lity C onirn i tteo. wh i c h was c rented in the CARES Act to provide overs i c h t
and keep Congress and the pub liC i nformed aho ut the un preceden ted who] a -of
o v- rnm ent ID- 19 response and associ ated spending.
Federal Workforce Protections:, In -eluded in the bill are provisions- to ensure the safely
of the federal workfoivta, as they battle on the front I i nos of this unprecedented health crisis
— froirn pr-qLwi di rig medical care to d e I ivcring o to r mail to safeguarding our national
�;e,curi ty, , T ht� . hi I I creates are ern er n Qy f n d to 1 I ow par d I eave for work ors wh o are i I 1
or who havc been exposed to C OAF l H -1 ; th is is an essential protection for preventin g the
spread o f COS-19 to co 1.1 eagues and mein tiers of thei r coir man mes. The h it 1 al so
ensures fedora I employees w h o are diagnosed w i th C 0 V I H-19 a�; a re ul t of the] r servi Qe
can rote i ve workers' compensation b cnoljts, a measu re that wi L I support serio us I y i 11
workers w [th ] ong-tern comp licati ons} and allow their fami 1 ies to receive sure i vor
hen-e# i is i f th ei r I o v ed one has passed away, Arid i ti ov a1 lye th e hi I 1 prov 1 des reso urn es for
testing and other measures to keep th-c President, Vice President, and other WhItc House
personnel safe.
Information 19ec h n o logy and Cyber oourity. The hill provides $2 billion to equip
federal agencies with modem technology and-eybersecunty tools to effectively and
semrel y del i ver to th e Amen can pub] is the servi cos and benefits that Congress has
Frog i d od to fight C OV l D -1 . These funds wit l protect vaccine &ve I opment and
d r r r
lstribution} address the technology and security challenges that arose with the rapid shift
to remote work, and better enab I e agene i e c� to meet the h igh demand for services and
accurate information from the American p U h1 ic.
Title V - Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Ta rge t ed E IDL G rants Th e bi I 1 w i I 1 add 15 bil l i on in new funding For Tar e ted E I ILL.
grants to prow i de hard-hit, undersorvod sm a 11 bnsi nee ses w i th i nereased fl ex) blo grant
r eh of These grants will be particu I arly helpfu l for very small busi messes and sole
Proprietors, lei >� 'nelude � r nt rrrirr ri ty-n ri ed bus' that >� been
disproportionately devastated by this crisis.
Recta n ra rats; The b i I I w i 11 provide $2 8 �6 b i 11 i on in d i rect rot i of for th c restaurant i ndustr
through the creation of a grant program as envisioned in the DEBT A U RANTS ACtr The
restaurant Indus try has been among the hardest hi t dun" ng th a pandemi c, 0 ver l 101000
mtaurants and bar. - rnor-c than o n-c in six across the country — have closed permanently
or long-term.. causing the loss (if o e r 2.4 mi 1 lion j obs. It is estimated that independent
r taurarits — sinall, morn -and -pop rtstaunirits — lost over $ 135 b i 1 I i on in salmi 1 act year,
hi to th c broader industry lost lM by l li on. Whi le PPP has o ercd some A tat assi stance
to di c n at j o n's restaurants, a sign i fi ra nt need stil 1 ex i sts, especial ly for smal ler
restaunants.
h uffer ed Ven u e Ope raters G ra n t Prop m: T'hi s bi 11 prov ides $1.2 5 b it H on in
additional fun ds for the Shuttered Vcn ue 0 Aerators Gran t Program because 1 act year}s
end -o I`- yea r package d i d not include suf fic ient fund i ng to ensure a 11 el i g i b I e a pp li ants
ou I d be covered based on rough estiplates. Eligible appl i cants care n ow ace~es s both the
Shuttered Venue Operator. Grant and PPP to address O + s delayed start.
Expanded P P P E I i ilr it itv - This bill expands PPP eligibili ty to inel ride adds tioual
nonprof i is sac Ir as 5 01(c)(5) 1 abor and agricu I to ra E organ izations and cornmun ity
locations of larger nonprofits and prov ides S 7 bi I 11 on for that purpose. Nonprofits are a
ign i # i cant sector irr the rr � n� fl r� t}� �'r ri liTr f' providingsocial lees
rv'
dufing this crisis. An additional S250 million is also provided to expand PPP eligibility
for digital dews services that provide local news and lifesaving information about public
heal th gaidan (:e dtL ri n g t11t� pan dv. m i C _
o rn rn u n i ty N a v i ator 'T cc h n ical As Oi sta nee are d Ad mintstr ati ve Eu nd i n g; Th e bi 11
provides $175 million in now assistance to fund community organizations, SBA reso-Urec
partners, a Cad community financ i al institutions with experience Working l n m Mori ty.,
I rn M i grant, an d rural corn m un i ties to s e as com m uni ty navigators to h e l p con n cc t
small business owners i n Niece corrr�r un iti cs to criti}a I resources, including small
business loans.. business licenses, and federal} state} and local business assistance
program s, The bi l I also i ncludes 1.3 2 5 b i 11 i on to apport Sly A" s rn i ssi on and to
adrn i n i Lster the new grants and other rel lef pro gralnS L ,
Ti tie V I - Corn mittmittee o n E nvi ro n men t and Pu b li c Wo r ks
E co n oink Dave] op men t Adm i n istration funding provides flexible i nvestment for
rebui lding 1 oc a1 economies and hard-hit Industries, iniclud inn tourism and travel. The
American Rescue Plan provides the, Economic Development Administration with 3
hi l I ion it) aid cornm uni ties in rebuilding local econoTni est which iris I ides 7 5 0 nil 11 i on i Or
the travel, touri s ire, and outdoor roercation sectors. Frov iousl , the CARES Act provided
1. 5 h i I l i on for econ orni c adj nstme n t assi stance to help rev ita I i ze I ooa I coin mun ities after
(he pandem ic., The CARES funding i s oven ubscribed4 wi th (he amoun t o f funding
requested far outst'ng tha available arnou nt} as communities face growing needs in
re ! 1po nding to the signi Fi cant job losses caused by COV l D-1 . Th is fund ing wil I al help
E DA ful Ii it its role as the lead agency under the National Disaster Response Framework
to assi st commun ities w ith econom is recovery fol low i ng a di salter, incl udi ng the current
health pandemic.
* Air Quality Monito ring a rid Pollution C lean -up: OVID- 19 has ki I I ed more than
5 0Q,000 j_neneanjSa but these tl-ag is effects haven't been evenly di tjibuted across the
0o untry � C ornr uniti es exposed to hi gher level s of air and toxic pol luti on, such as the
di rty soot fro in old d i e se I eng i nes} are a I so more I i kely to have higher CO VID-19
morbidity and mortal i ty rates. I ultip I e sc ienti is stud ies have found di FeCt links between
long term exposes to girt pol l mien and higher ri As of dying from COVI D-1 + T�ii � hi I 1
prov i dos 100 m i I I io n to the LL nor i ton tuental Protection Agency (PEA) i n fund i ng to
Ut i�r national air qua I i t iron i turn ng stern and reduc a the air and toxic, pollution
that is 1 inked wl th contributing to ID-19 deaths. 50 i1rii 11 ion of This Wding i 6s
targeted to I ow in come coimimun itios and oort munit ias of color who are s i gn ific,antl
imore likely to live with poor air quality and to he M01V SuSoeptihle to COV III-19. This
fu n d i ng w i 1 l he directed to ETA gran t programs w ith a proven track record for rr l can i ng
up dead] y a i r and tox is pollut j o n} a 11 the whi to oroati ng good -pa i ng American j ohs.
* U.S. Fish a n d Wild life Se rvi ce Fn nd i n g F COV l D - 19 1 s a zoonot i s disease. Th is fimding
i 11 a I low the U . S, F i s Ii a ii d Wildl ife Set -vice to better prevent w it dl ife traf"i cking, wh i ch
Qan �:o n tribute to the spread o 1' zoonoti t: di eases# as wet I as to track and study w i 1d1 i fe
di soaso. Th is h11 l also provides fund ing for the care of captive species protected under th
Endangered Species Act or rescu ed, confiscated or other fedtara I trust spec] es In faail ities
experLenel ng lost revenues due to C O T D-19,
Tit] c V1 I - Co im rrtiltee on Com rt orm, Science,, and Trnn s portntiun
Broadband to r Re mote I , as rn 1 ng+ At least 12 rail 1 [on I - 12 publi-c school students 1 ive
in too nseh o I ds wi thou r v i th e f an i n tern et con neCtiOn or a dev ice adequate fo r distance
l earning at h orne , A 11(19 a d i sprioport i onate amount of iht� children that 1 a-ek 1 ntem
oonnecdVi ty corn e from communities of color, low-income households, Tribal lands, and
rural area s. Th i s hi I l wi I l provid e 7.17 2 hi I I ion to the Federa I Commun ioations
Commission to help Khools and libraries ensure that our nation's schoolchildren can
fully participate in remote learning, even as schools look to reopLem safely.
orporati on for Public Brondcnsti rig. The 17 5 mi 1 I i on In support for pub I i C
broadcasting provided by this bill will help public hroadeast arour d the eoufl iry
weather the economic fallout to their stations from the COVID obis is. This stab i 1 ization
su ppo rt i s c rit.i cal for en sari ng u n i versa] access to pu hl i c broadcast i rig and the li i crh-
quality, non-commercial content and telecommunications services they provide that
eduate� inform, and h e I p pa-otoct th e pub li c'cT
Amtrak: This bi ] I provides ad(i i � for al relied` to Amtrak to keep rail StrVioe -running across
the fl-ati on . to rehire 1,230 workers who have b een involuntarily furloughed as a result of
COVID, and to restore foil long-distance service to reinote communities that rel v on
Amtrak as a link to economic centers.
Airline Jobs: Av iati on drives 5 percent Of U r S. gross domesti c product (6 DP) and
supports over 10 m i I 1 ion U, S, ob, U, S, ai irli ne passenger v o1 umes are at 42 pe=cam t
compared to pie-panriern is I evels . Extension of ` the a ir1 i rye pa. rot l support program wl l I
help airlines and contractors avert mass layoffs and furloughs doe to the unprecedented
drop In business. Moreover, ny of these jobs requ i -re intricate educational
prer uis ites, twin in g regrii rem and c ti fixations., Which i 1 would take yea i l�
not decades to bn i I d hack. This rel ief w i 11 pos ition the LJ. S. ai dine industry to Capture the
MUM of ar
1 r travel dernan
* A i rpe rts; A i rports have been espec i al l y hard hi t by the pandem ie} an d w i th o of hi I I ions in
addit tonal aid Wi 11 be forced to cart the jobs of thousands of employees, mdnce or
discontinue operations, and he unable to make payments on cap ital projects. The
workforce -retention req U i i-ear, eats associated with federal relief protect wormers a1
commerei airports ro the United tuts A irpo� relief of i s nl sign-ed. to help small
a i rport cone ess iona.ires, ma ny o f which a re di sariva raae bnsi ness owners.
0 Aviation Manufacturing Workforce: The U.S. aerospace industry represents nearly
represen is % of total U. S, G russ Dom est i e Product (G D P )+ and provides A 1-n erica "s
lead i n export by vat nC L H o ever} the drop off in cornmere is I air travel has caused a drop
of In orders for new planes which in tnm has di srupted the entire av iati on mane f'actnring
su 1 y ch ai n, Over 100,0 00 aerospace man u f acturi rig J ohs h a�r� b-evn I ��t are d mo re a ohs
arc at ask L This prograM i s the first fed i relief designed to protect thosc highly -skilled
workers, the bedrock of American innovation and global leadership in advanced
technology
Research belief. Researchers wbose work Wag in terr upwd b y COST f D -19 are run n i ng out
of finds to eomplcto their research and there has been no funding to the National S eicn
Foondati on ("NSF) to ii 1 I that gap r Without th is research relied`, the NSF would have to
choose between SUpplernentl n eX iSti ng granuaesto allow them 10 fi n i A th ei r research
and l'nndi n new research., which w 111 u I t its c i ther not renpitng the be efi o o f
t P.a Yer I S investment. into existing grits or creating a research backlog that further
reduces the agem;y"s ability to fund h i h I y Men. torion research
Mnnu f 1lto ri [I L ire the ARE. rr t# the l l anutaCt��riri � t J S A program was giv erg � 1
mill ion to respand to ID-19� That funding went to, among other things} rapid
research on the efficacy of -mask sterilization techniques, developing the next generation
of face masks, and helping the work force reel i I 1 to meet the wand for advanoed
manufacturing workers. The Manufacturing g USA program has S 150 million in additional
COVID- 19 relatfLd projects that can be rapidly awarded to aid in pandernic response and
overt',
* Consumer Product Safety. The pandernic has exposed weaknesses in the nation's
ab 11 ity to detect and deter u nsafe can Burner products entering the United State si ran Bing
from a lack of port inspectors to insufficient ability to monitor increases in online sales.
This hi ll prov i des S5 0 rail l ion In -needed funds to the U r. Consumer Product Safety
ommi ssion to help the agen cy protec t the public from unreazlonahl e risks o 19 i r1j- 4ry or
death associated w ith con 4;u m r products do ri ng the CO 1D-19 p andern i C ,
a Prevention of O V Ili-19 Scams. In 2020, the U.S. Federal Time Commission tracked a
record 4.7 Mi l li on consumer Qumplaint ,, i rye hiding over 365 .000 report of fraud, 1 derl ti ty
th-e, and curer scams related to the pandemic. The bill appropriates 3 0.4 m i l lj an to the
r- TC to combat the rise i n consumer scams during the pandemic. Th is fundi ng wou I d
al low th e FTC to eriipl oy rnore personnel and enhan Qe en fomement e- ffolis to root o Lit
COV I D-1 9 scams.
o D epa rtment of Comme rce l nspecto r Gen e ral -. Th I s leg] s Iation approp riatos 3 rn 111 ion
for the D epartment of Commerce 1 ti s p ector G meta I i n their oversight of s en d i rig
provided i n the hi 11 to root out fraud} waste, and abuse.
Title VE11 — Committee on Veterans' Affairs
Trho bi 11 Provides funding to wai ve copays for veteran s during the pandemj e, and to
prov i do health care sere i cos and support to vetora nsi including O l D -1 vase ine
d r
i stribu Lion, expanded mental heaM came} enhanced to lehealth caps bi li ties, extended
support for v eterans who are horn, e I e s or In dan ge r of com j ng hum e I es st and P P E and
SnPP1 ios for C I i n Ica I employocs.
It also establishes a now program to provide retraining) assistance for veterans who have
lost the ir i ohs due to COVD3, and i nc Wes fu rid ing for VA to rniti gate the panel emic's
9
impactson tht� benefits claims and appeals backlog.
A s many State Veteran s Hon es hav a straggled to protect veterans 1ror„ COV 1 fit thi s hi ] 1
provides funding to support ID- ] 9 response} staff and vctcran safety., and
pr epar ness at these i'aC i li tleSthrough one-time payments to support operations and
I f i nal con �;tructi o n grants to s upport sh ov el -ready p raj- ect�;,
M i I l i on s of veterans have h ad th el r h eat th c are aEp in tments delay%A during the course o F
th c pandemic, and thi s hi 11 provides critica I fundin g to ens nro VA i s At c to provide the
highest quality of care to veterans when they need it
Title I! Corn mittee 9 n N Fla n Ce
Ili rest Payments: The bill fulfills the Democrats } coturnitment to provide a ful 1 S 2,0 00
E co n omi c Impact Payment for taxpayers who have been hard hit econ omi cal I y by the
pa ri de its i c . This pac k agc includes a $1,400 payment to supplement the 600 already
provi ded i n Decemb er. WIth the economy o n weakened footing, another round of rebates
is cri ti cal to sustain in g howsehold spending for th a be i nn ing a f 202 1 _
U n emp l,evm Brit Insurance extension * The bill extends the eri t i cal financial lifeline o l'
enhanced unemployment insurance for the 18 million Arnericans that are currently
ref Yi ng on these bene I i Ls unti 1 September 6, 2021 _ Thi c 1 nel udes an ex tension o f' the
federal nr cmp to ment i nsuranec bpi rn p that i s add ed to a 11 unem ployrrre nt benefits
(Federal Pandemic U ne n p I oyment Compensation, or F P UQ, at the c nrrent law arnnn nt
of $300, It a1 so in l udes ex ten si ons o f the Pandern i e U-n emp I oyment Assi S Ian ce (PU A)
program, wh ich expands c1 i gibe 1 i ty for the sel f-em p10 ed, gi S workers, frce la neers and
others in non -traditional employin ent who do not qual ify for regu I ar unemp loyment
insurance, as we] l as the Pandern tic Emergenc y Unernpl oymeri t Compensation (PEUQ
program} wh ich makes add I t tonal weeks of benefits avai table to pro rkers. who exhaust
their state bcne fits. A 11 other CARES Act mid 1; arrril ies l; i r st Act unemp to rrrer t
programs re si rn i lady extended unti 1 September 6.
Unemployment Insurance Taxation: The bill creates a S 10,200 tax exc iLtsi on for
nnem plo rrre n t co rap ensation i neorrrc Fo r tax year 2,020 for househo I ds with incomes
under $1 o}00o
E ITC and C T: The COVI D-19 recess ion has greatly exacerb ated inwme in eq ual ity In
A rneri ca.. Th is b I 1 l also i ncl ude s a si gnifi cant ex Patin" on o f two o 19 the most poweTful and
,off ctive ant i-povertytool s the U , S . government has: the Eamed I neome Tax C relit
(E ITC) and Ch i I d Tax C red it (CTC). It w 111 nearly triple the maximum EITC for ch i Idles
workers, providing additional relief to more than 17 million of these individuals — most
i mporta rat t i gett ing gnomic help to those work ing i n essential but low -paid Jobs on the
r r
1'rontl ines of the panel carte, To pat more money into the pockets of working fami Iles, it
j I 1 in crease the amount o f the C TC, from } 000 to 3,00 (w ' th a tinore generous
S3,600 creel i t for chi t uncle r the age of 6 ), Th e T i 11 also be Sul l refun dable}
ensuring thl S vital resource is available to the lowest -income households. It is eStllnated
ftit these changes Wi III i it nearly 10 ni i 1 I i on ch ildren across th e U, S r above or closer to
the 1�ov y 1 M e L Additionally, thi S bill Mel tides an expansion o f the Chi 1d and Dependen t
C are rI-ax Credit to help working families afford the cost of child care during this crisis.
Thl s includ increasmg the credit so households can receive a total of up to S4,000 for
one ch'Id or 8 i000 for two or more children, and r k tn� itfully refundable �o Fam tl ies
who owe little in taxes can still benefit.
State a nd Ducal Fiscal Aid., The bi l l i nc lades needed direct aid to state and local
govern, no vflt . M an y states have sustained tin ass i ve revert ue short ] is a-nd face a b o f of
increased spending needs. N ati on ide} state and local employment is down 1.4 rat 11 ton
since the pandemic began and job losses increased by 50,000 in December. The reed is
parti c ularly pronounced al I he local I eve I T a Nazi o a a I League of Cities survey silo wed a
2 1 -pement revenue de -el j ne arnong city es with losses and the Nat j onal As sociat j o n o f
C ou rat ies projected a 20ipercent revenue decline. These figures rnay grow worse over
time as property Wx revenue decreases have lagged recessions by two years or inore,
These budget i rapac t; for localities do not a-ccoun t for increased expenses, which were
not recogn i zed for most c it iea and connti es in CA R E S (where money went to on I y those
with 5 00,000 persons ormore). We provide 3 5 0 b it lion to States, teiTitori es, Tribes, and
l al governments to be used for respondi ng to th e COVT D-19 puhl I e h ealth emergen e ,
to o t revenue loss es, bolster eco norn i c recover rn and to provide pret 'urn pay for
essent i a l wo rkers. W e a I so provide a new 10 b i I I i c n Gait ica I Infrastructure Projects
program to help S tates., terri ton es, and Tribal gov err, rn erg t� carry o ut critical cap] [al
pro Jects di rest I y oriabl ing work, education., and hea I t li m on i tori rig} i ne ludi ng retraote
options} i n respon so to COVI D -1 . State and local f i SCa1 r el i of funds can be used for local
ecOOrni e relcover pulses# inc1 illy ng assi
ristance to ho usch olds Sri1-al l h L« s
i neses- and
nonprofits, aSSistan to hard- brit industries like ton ri s in, travel. a ti d hospitality, and
in frastructore investment. Final I ya e ad d a new b i 1 h on county are d Tribal ass i stance
fun d to make payments �� Ali i ble rev ue-snarl n counties an (1 Tn b� �T � i i �i bl e nrit1e
n TrI l r those four which the Secretary detertnines there I s a negative revenue
impact owing to implementation of Federal programs or changes to those programs. The
C ongress i ona I Budget 0 Mee has said that the N m rn h.r 0-ne best "bang for the buck"" of
al 1 the money Congress has passed Lso far is al. to state and I oval governments.
* Health Ca re S U ppnrt; The hill i nc I tid cs Five ma i n provisions W i m prove health
coverage. First., ov-ear f� ncxt two years, it invests Nearly $35 b1lllon in pr cmi um subsidy
i -, creases for those w h o buy cov e-rage on th e AC A marketp] aces _ The bi l I both y ncreases
the i of th-e �nhSidieLs for those who current l y arc el i gible e for subsidies, as well
as reinov es the 4001 a federa l poverty I eve] 1 i mit on sub s i dy el i gi b i I ity, Sec and, gi ven
sign i f i can i n corn a fluctuati on s i n 2 020. the hi l I 'Orgi ves rnor� than $6 hi 1 I loll in Payments
that people would need to make y f their 020 advanced pr�tni nm C; Ld�eL did not match
their income. Third, the bill p rovi&.s a major incentive for holdout states to expand
M eel i Qai d .. offering them a 5 � � increase ofl ��i r base FP r��� �Or t o Years i f they
expand coverage. Fourth, the bill � nh�idizes 100 pent o f CO13 R A premi nine for six
inonths for individ na is who lost employment or had reduced hours. 119 i f`th, for one year.
the bill provides preen i nm subsidi eS of ACA marketplace coverage CgUiVal a n t 10 a arson
-earning up to 13 3% FPL for people who receive-unemploym t Compensation. The bill
a I so i ti c ludes numerous i nvestmenta to reduce health d i sparitiesa ine Iuding an option to r
states to prov ide on e- year of postpar to in heel i caid coverage} sup port for state borne-and-
Q() MIL Unity based M eel i caid sery i Ces a and resources f ()-r COST I D -19 fespon se in nun i -ng
ho rneLSL The lei 11 a 1SO increases rebates that pharmaceutical companies owe to Medicaid
programs, provides $8,5 hil li ors for rya ra 1 prov i dew, pro-v ides add itlona 1 funding to Sri fety:
net hospitals and m ore+
Paid Sick Leave Credit: The bi 11 provides an extension and expan S1 on of the paid sick
and FM LA 1 cave tax credits created i ti the Fami 1 i es F i rst Coronavi rn s Response Act of
2020, It PrOVIdes payrol l tax c redits for employers who volun tari 1 y prov i ale paid leave
th rough the end of September 202 1, It al so expan 6� e1 r ib it try to state and local
governments that provide this benefit.
* Employee Retention Tax Credit*, The bill extends and expands the Employee Retention
Tax Creel it (ERTC) through December 31, 2021 r Tli t EI T , origi nal ly enacted in the
C A R S A ct, help tru w
l i ng busi ne s rota i n and rehi E re worker$ L The h i l l expands the
ERTC to allow certain severely distressed businesses to claim the credit for a greater
share of employee wages . It also expands the er i t to cover new ly formed busi ness es} to
he I p spur h irin g and recovery.
Repeal of Election to Allocate I n terest on Wo rid wid c Basis * The bill repeals the
provision permitting taxpayers to elect to allocate and apportion interest expense on a
worldwide basis.
* Tax Treatmen t of Certain S BA P rng ra m s; Th e bi I l prov ides for th a tax - free trimatment
of Targeted FJDL Advancesand Restaurant ReV i tal lZation GTa- nt . It also clarifies that
any othe rw i se -a l I owable deduct ions c on1 i n LIC to he cleric t i h I e notwithstanding the tax-
free treatment ofgrant proceeds.
* Modiflea Lion of Reporting Requirements for Third Pa rhr Network Transactions;
T'he hi 111 owe and modifies the tb reshold he] o w wh i ch a th i rd panty yeti I ement
organ ization i 6c; n of regn fired to report payments to pa rtic ipants i n its network. For any
calendar year begirin i rig after December 31 } 2021 } o th i rd patty settlement organization is
requi red to irepoa transaction s i�th any participating payee that exceed a rn in iMUM.
threshold o f 600 in aggregate payments, tegard] ess of the aggregate number e f 6s Hch
transactions.
* E_xtensinn of Excess Business Loss Limitation; The bill c tends for 1 year, through
December 31, 0 6 } the limitation on excess business I o sees o l" non -corporate taxpayers,
Title X - Ccomniittee on Forelart Delet41
ions
* As long as the virus is spreading and mutating anywhere. it threatens A men'eans here at
ho rye. To protect the U nited State s a nd the American pub 1 i c., the b i 11 i I 1 en 1i anc e U. S.
eff
rt to ig1i t again St the g I obal sp rtad of ID-19 and itS Van ants.
* Tire hi ] 1 p v j des fun di ng to the State Departirent and U SA I D for varj oas g Iohal h cal th-
related aetiv itiesi inel od i ng vacci ne develop anent} in ternat ie rya I di salter rel fief.,
rehab it itati on, and J)eConStMCti ()n; food S prat } support. For OVID-relat.ed efforts of the
Global Fnd to Fi
r�ght HI AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malafiaq.arid ecoriumic recovery.
The hi ] I al so prop' i pies ]. i I'e- av ing assi stars ce for m i 11 I on s of refugees and displaced
persons around the world who are fac i ng rampant hunger a n d rnedica l needs as a resn It o f
the pandemic. It -al se prov ides urgently needed mu lti la rat assistance} i nc lndi ng for the
World Health Orgy i :e2ti o n. to demonstrate 4 U r, C o,,; M itment to and leadership In the
fight against C I D-19.
Fi rya I 1 } the hi 11 provides operet i onal expenses for the State Department a rid U SA l D to
combat the disease and support American Citizens and diplomats abroad. Both agencies
h eve i ne, umd s i gn i f ican t budget short Fa I Is due to a real locati on of reso uree * 1 o s i n fees,
and repatriation efforts caused by O [ D, and both agencies require support for ongoing
medical services and maintenance of operations and programs.
Title XT - Committee orr Indian Affairs
The federal govemrnent holds trust and treaty obligations to provide essential safety -net
pro crra ms that scree Native common ities, wh i ch were h i ster ica I I y n ndeifnnded prie r to
1 h e start o f th v C O TT -19 pan de.rim i c. These progrjms have experienetad significant strain
as th-ey attempt to respond to and mi t [gate the impacts of the paridemic on Dative
communities.
Walth are: The In than Health Service (IHS) sees 2.56 million mi}ricat
Indian/Alaska Natives (AIANs) through health care facilities operated by the federal
goverunien.4 Ind iun Tri hes} and Urban Ind ian Organ lZations (U10s). Accord i ng to the
C I a IANs are too sp i to I ized fort O ID-1 at our ti the rate of Non -Hispanic
h i to , This T i tle authoni zes direr i funding for the Departm en i of Heal th and Human
Sere i ces' lndi an Heal th Servioc (IHS) to address the i mpacu of the COV 1 D - 19 pundernie
on operation of essential health and sari i Cation pro ms, including inereasi ng mental
health and substance use disorder preventio a(ment, improving n health IT, addressing
Dative community &are itation issues, and replacing lost third party medical billing
reimbursements (e.g., private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare) to ensure federally -
operated IHS f `aci 11 ties, Tribal I y-operated MS faei ly ties, and 1~aei 1 i ti es operated by UTOs
can continue operations despite estimated budget shortfalls of 30-8 0%;
Pu Mie Safety, Ch i l d Wei fa re* Assistance to Triba I C overnmen Is, n nd Esse n t inl
1 n fr*a stru re: The Bu ren u o f I n.diun Affairs operates at.es essential programs for the
hen e# i t of uihe s across I n d i an Country, Many o r th e e program s Conti n ue to be impacted
by the COV 1 D- 19 pandem io} i ne lud i ng l aw enforcement, chi ld of mare, general
aSsi stance, housing assistance., and certain water in struetui)e and delivery programs.
However,despite the importance of keeping these programs running, the Bureau o i,
l ndian Affairs has not reec i ved add i t i o rra I reso-urces to s upport these programs s ince
Mauch of last. yea.rr Tills Titl c authorizes di i t fund ing for the Department of the
1 nteriora s Bureau o f i n d i an A f fa i t (13 1 A) to address the impacts o f th, e COVI D-19
pandemic on operation of its essential social welfare and public safety programs.
E duoution F The Department ent of Education and the Bureau of Indian Education (BIJE)
pr-wide direct support for Native students in fulfillment of the federal ti_USt r eSpon.Si hi 1 ity.
Thy majority of schools and dormitories serving Native vc students have critical
in frastructure and faei li ties nee& that wool d make r etum i ng to in -person education
unsafe for staff and students during the ongoing pandenuc. AdditionalI a inantiv
students 11 ve i n Fri gh I y rural areas w i th o ut adequate broadband conned] vi t, Som e
estimates suggest that roughly 69% BIE students do not have access to visual learnin
op portuniti es because of the d igital di vide, leav in,g these students to rely on reee iVi ng
i n �;truQti on by in ai 1 or n_k -potential COVI D-19 expo6 ure to fi nd intern et access points in
other parts of ` their oommun inns. Th is Titl e authorizes d i rest fund ing for the Dative
odu cation pro grants and schools. From these funds} it s pot i �'ies that these fungi must he
used for R l E- funded sch ool s/dorrrlit��e� and Tniha� col le�� � and � urri��rsities; and
programs that support Tn6bal Education Agencies, Native Hawaiian education
organ izatio ns, and A I as ka N at i ve educut i o tr organizations.
Housing: Native Americans have h istori a I experienced higheir rates of substandard
and overt row pied Fro usi rig compared to other dery ographi es} a si t u ti or made evert more
dire by CO V 1H- 19, wh i ch spreads more readi ly in crowded., i ndoor envi ronment.s.
According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Native
ve
Qonun un i fi es a xperi enc e o vercro di ng iri their hornes of seven ti M eS the national average.
Dative Americans also experience high rates of homelessness. Nationwide, they have the
second -highest rate of homelessness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recently published research that linked poor housing con di i i on .c; to the disproportionately
higher ovid-19 infection and death rate wrong Native Americans. This section
authori zes direct fund in g for th e I [ U D's Office of Nativ a American Pro&7ms to address
th 0' i m pacts o f the COIF r D -19 Van dem i c on operati on of its Nati v e Arnen can hou'i rig and
00 M M U nity develop fr tent programs.
Native La n gua g F There .are a n estimated 150 Native languages still s poke t in the U. S.
may. But, more than 8 0% of these languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers _ many
have fewer than 100 _ B ecause o f the li mited size and age of speak er populations, the
C OV 1D,19 pandemic represents an unprecedented th reat to the survival of Dative
languages. Thi s Title au thorizes di rect f `u nd ing for the Departnient of Health and H Uman
ervi cea s A dmini strati on for Katy ve A men -can s (A ) to iss ue emergency Kati Ve
m crican I a n gunge preservation and maintenance grants to N ative American ha nguage
cortimunI ies to mitigate O ID - 19 related d isru ptions or thn=,ats to the sni-viva I and
Conti n ued vital i ty o r th ei r moth er tongued
Needs: Project objective? summary? Background about trc?
Scope of work:
• During the term of this agreement, the contractor/facilitator will facilitate the commission
as set forth in paragraph 6 of the Resolution This individual will work at the direction of
the Commission and will provide periodic status updates to staff and/or council.
Paragraph 6 reads : "The TRC shall be facilitated by an independent consultant funded
by the city, with expertise in group facilitation and human rights, and to the extent
possible, experience with diversity, implicit bias, mediation and conflict resolution, until
such time as the TRC concludes by the favorable vote of at least three -fourths of all the
members of the TRC (7 out of 9) that facilitation is no longer needed. "
s Guide commission in fulfilling its charges as set forth in the resolution. (Specifically
paragraphs 11, 14 and 15)
• Review the history of racism, white privilege and systemic racial inequities in the Iowa
City community.
• Review the current racial injustices in our community in areas determined by the TRC
(housing, healthcare, criminal justice, employment, education, etc.)
• Assist in the coordination of fact-finding [and] truth telling [fora] and [obtaining] first-hand
witness accounts from victims of racism, white privilege, and systemic racial
injustices/inequities perpetrated on the BIPOC community in Iowa City and surrounding
areas.
s Assist in the coordination of input from individuals and organizations of local, regional
and nation areas of expertise who bring knowledge in the areas of systemic racism [,
restorative justice,] and other areas covered by the scope of the commission
• Assist in the creation of meeting agendas, assist in keeping meetings moving forward in
a productive manner and on time, and make recommendations to ensure that
Commission meetings are upheld as safe spaces for both commissioners and the
public.
Project Description should include:
1 . A detailed description of the consultant's prior experience serving as a facilitator, with
particular emphasis on how Consultant has helped similar organizations to realign their
organizational structure and improve their operating efficiencies.
2. A proposed timeline and a detailed outline regarding the Consultant's approach to the
facilitation of the TRC.
3. Proposed budget of every aspect of the project including estimated hours required and
desired compensation.
Ideal skill set
Familiarity with governmental processes, preferably local govt.
History of working with marginalized rr muniti s resulting in positive outcomes.
Experience with mediation and/or community -based conflict resolution.
Good interpersonal and teamwork skills, networking aptitude.
Experience in community organizing or event planning.
Conflict of Interest: Upon being hired, contractor acknowledges that Section 362.5 of the Iowa
code prohibits a City of Iowa City officer or employee from having an interest in ar contract with
the City of Iowa City, and certifies that no employee or officer of the City of Iowan City, which
includes members of the City Council and City of Iowa City boards and commissions, has an
interest, either direct or indirect, that does not fall within this exceptions to said statutory
provision enumerated in Section 362.5
The following documents were handed
out during the meeting.
Z��
Iowa
Presentation to the Ad Hoc Truth and Reconciliation
Commission on the American Rescue Plan
Thursday, May 27, 7pm
AGENDA
➢ Welcome and Introductions (Juan Manuel Galvez Ibarra - 1min)
➢ Overview of American Rescue Plan and the Excluded Workers
Fund (Dr. Kathy Lee -Son - 9 minutes)
➢ Community Testimony (Dr. Lee -Son - 14 minutes)
Rosa Brito Pastor, undocumented immigrant worker
Cindy Zapata, undocumented immigrant worker
Mutwakil Musa, essential hospital worker
Philinese Martin, unemployed essential worker
Maria Carlos, unemployed factory worker
➢ Call to Action (Manny Galvez 1 min)
➢ Questions or Discussion (5 mins)
FUND EXCLUDED WORKERS COALITION: Iowa City Catholic Worker,
Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement, SEIU Local 199, Iowa Freedom
Riders, Great Plains Action Society, LULAC 308, LULAC State Council,
AFSCME 12, Iowa Student Action, Ex -Incarcerated People Organizing
Iowa, Corridor Community Action Network, Iowa City Mutual Aid Collective,
Iowa City Democratic Socialists of America, Community Transportation
Committee, Veterans For Peace Iowa City.
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:F :::: and PO�1C
.1 IMMEME
'""■ Priorities
Updated April 29, 2021
1275 First Street NE, Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20002
Tel: 202-408-1080
Fax: 202-405-1056
center@cbpp.org
***.cbpp.org
3 Principles for an Antiracist, Equitable State Response
to COVID-19 — and a Stronger Recovery
By Cortney Sanders, Michael Leachman, and Erica Williams
COVID-19's effects have underscored the ways our nation's history of racism, bias, and
discrimination are embedded in our health, social, and economic systems. Black, Indigenous, and
Latin% people are experiencing higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death, and people of
color are also overrepresented in jobs that are at higher infection risk and hardest hit economically.
Shaping these outcomes are structural barriers like wealth and income disparities, inadequate access
to health care, and racial discrimination built into the health system and labor market. But recent,
substantial federal aid and an improving revenue outlook in many states are offering states a historic
chance: they can make policy choices that repeat and exacerbate these inequities, which also will
slow the economy's recovery, or they can set another course toward antiracist, equitable, and
inclusive policies that build an economic recovery that extends to all people.
Three principles should guide state policymakers in these equity efforts:
Target aid to those most in need due to the COVID-19 and consequent economic
crises.
a Advance antiracist and equitable policies — both short- and long-term — to dismantle
persistent racial, ethnic, gender, and economic inequities and other barriers that non -
dominant groups and identities experience.'
Strengthen state revenue systems to sustain transformative, long-term investments in
Black, brown, Indigenous, immigrant, and low-income communities.
Beyond the individual policy recommendations detailed below, states can make a broader
commitment through steps such as requiring racial equity impact assessments for legislative
proposals and appointing equity and inclusion officers or committees. Even hearings on how racism
I Non-doesnnant groups and idennnes can include Black and brown people, IncLgenous people, imrrngr nits, low -Wage workers
(Who are often women and people of color), LGBTQ+ incLvdu ds, and faesnhes and incLvduals experiencing deep econorrnc
struggle, such as those who are homeless or face persistent barriers to Work. See box, "A Brief Definition of Equity -Related
Terms."
has shaped state policy decisions can help set the stage for policymaking more focused on
addressing the legacy of historical racism and ongoing forms of discrimination and bias.'
State fiscal policy choices help determine whether someone's race or ethnicity, gender, income,
place of birth, or ZIP code affects their ability to achieve their potential and live unburdened by the
hardships that poverty, racism, discrimination, and bias cause. That is true both in times of relative
prosperity and in recession, when state and local finances are in crisis. But in good times and bad,
state (and federal) policy choices often have excluded or done harm to those in non -dominant
groups. (See text box, "A Brief Definition of Equity Related Terms.") During the Great Recession,
for example, states relied too heavily on cuts to services, which exacerbated unemployment and
raised barriers to prosperity for low-income people and people of color.' As revenues recovered
post -recession, many states also pursued tax cuts that added to advantages enjoyed by wealthy
(mostly white) households, worsening already large class and race inequities and reducing revenues
that could have been used for investments that broaden opportun ty and promote equity.
Today's health and economic crisis has brought a new and unprecedented set of challenges. Many
millions of people, particularly low-income people and people of color, are struggling with hunger,
have large unpaid rent bills, face mental health challenges as a result of the pandemic, or are
enduring other forms of extreme hardship.' Millions of children experienced several months of
unfinished learning.' While the pandemic's hit on state revenues has been less than feared, revenues
in most states remain below pre -pandemic projections, and some states have experienced severe
revenue losses.` Substantial federal aid in the recently enacted American Rescue Plan offers states
and localities an opportunity to both help people struggling due to the pandemic and begin to
address the underlying structural inequities that made the pandemic worse, but only if they act on
goals like those we outline in this paper.
Adhering to these three equity principles would help states take advantage of this moment. States
can make transformative policy changes to drastically reduce the severe hardships that millions of
people will otherwise experience in the months and years ahead, sharply reduce long-standing
inequities rooted in historical racism and other forms of oppression, and build revenue systems
capable of sustaining a future in which people no longer go hungry and get the housing, health care,
and other supports they require.
2 See Nlichael Leachman, "More State Lawmakers Should Consider How Racism Shapes Tax Policy," (BPP, March 23, 2021,
***********.ebpp.org/blog/more-state-lawmakers-should-consider-how-racism-shapes-tax- ololicy.
i Ntichael Leachman and Erica \drams, "States Can Learn From Great Recession, Adopt Forward -Looking, A dracist
Policies," CBPP, February 11, 2021, hops://www.cbM.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-can-learn-from-great
recession -adopt -forward -looking.
4 (BPP, '"frocking the COVID-19 Recession's Effects on Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships," updated April 22,
2021, http5://www.ebM.org/research/poverty-and-lnequaLty/tracking-the-coved-l9-recessions-effects-0n-food-houslnc-and.
s Tiffany Zhao, Tomas Malfino, and ]onathan Travers, "THE COST OF COVID: Linderst uncling the full financial impact of
COVID-19 on clistricts and schools," Education Resource Strategies, ]anuary 13, 2021,
***********.crstrate i�g/ems/files/4699-cost-of-coved-paper-final.p E Sec also Education Trust, "Strategics to Solve
UnfilLshed LeartLng," https://edtrustor strategies-to-Solve-unBmShed-leartvng[.
G Nflichael Leachman and Elizabeth McNichol, "Despite Improved State Fiscal Conclitions, Serious Challenges Remain,
Inclucling for Localities, Tribal Nations, and Territories, (BPP, February 26, 2021, https://www.ebpp.org/research/state-
budtet-and-tax/despite-improved-State-8scak-concLdons-Serious-challet'ge5-remam.
Pandemic Worsening Historical Inequities
States have a historic opportunity not only to support people struggling due to the pandemic but
also to set them and their communities up for a better future by directly addressing the racial and
economic inequities that have made the pandemic so much worse. Doing so, however, will require a
principled approach that explicitly seeks to address these inequities.
The need for such principled choices has always existed. White supremacy and structural racism
created and perpetuate disparities in power, resources, and opportunities that systematically
disadvantage communities of color and preserve the privilege of an elite, largely white class. For
example, some current state tax policies that limit the ability to raise resources to invest in shared
opportunity such as various property tax limits and supermajority requirements to raise revenue
hail directly in some states from efforts during the post -Reconstruction period of the late 1800s
to reinforce white supremacy by making it harder to raise taxes on white property owners.- Due to
these and other barriers, the wealthiest 10 percent of white households hold nearly two-thirds of the
country's wealth, and other white households about another fifth, leaving only 13 percent for
everyone else. (See Figure 1.) Disparities like these harm many Black and brown people, limiting
their ability to provide for their families and see their communities thrive. They also undermine our
collective well-being, preventing countless people from taking full advantage of their skills or
accessing opportunities that would boost their economic contributions and make the economy
stronger for everyone.
But the need for an equity focus is all the more imperative now as the pandemic has made the
effect of such policy choices clearer.' Research has found people of color to be overrepresented
among coronavirus-related hospitalizations and deaths; in some places where disaggregated data are
available, Black and Indigenous people are dramatically overrepresented among those who have
died.' In addition, positivity rates among those tested for COVID-19 were higher for LGBTQ+
people of color than for white people regardless of sexual or gender identity and for people of color
outside of the LGBTQ+ community, survey data from the fall of 2020 find. This highlights that
having multiple identities that fall outside of white, hetero-normative culture can exacerbate
disparities in outcomes.1'
Michael Leachman et a/,' Advancing Racial Equity Vith Smte Tax Policy," CBPP, November 15, 2018,
***********.ebpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/advmcing-racial-equity-with-state-tax-policy.
8 `mdre Perry, Black Jlmerimns were forced into'somd cLsmncing' long before the coronavlrus," Brookings Institution,
March 20, 2620, htg2s://www.brookings.ectu/blog/the-avenue/2020/03/20/black-americans-were-forced-into-soci d-
clistancinc long-before-the-coronavims/.
9 See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Risk for COVID-19 Infection, HOspiuhzadon, and Death by
Race/Ethnicity," updatedApril M, 2021, htg2s://www.Ccic.gov/coronavlrus/2019-ncov/covict-darn./]nvesdgatlo,
cliscoven/hospitalization-death-bv-race-etlnilcitv.html: and K4iser Family Foundation "COVID-19 Deaths by
ethrucm Z?currentTimeframe=0&sortNfodel—'Y, 7B%22colId%22:%22Locadon%22,%22sort%22:%22ase%22%7D.
�, Brad Sears, Kerith J. Conton, midAndrew R. Flores, "The Impact of the F-& 2020 COVID-19 Surge on LGBT 1ldults in
the US," NXilliams Institute, February 2021, https://williamsinsdtute.law.ucla.edu/publications/covid-sure and Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, "Health Equity Consldemdons and Racal and Ethnic Minorm Groups," updated 11pril
19, 2021, https://www.edegov/coronavims/2019-ncov/community/health-equu-/race-ethrucm.html.
A Brief Definition of Equity -Related Terms
Policy is not race neutral. To the contrary, it is developed and implemented in a broader cultural
context. Many long-standing policies that affect our ability to invest in people and communities to build
shared prosperity were adopted within a culture in which the belief that white people are inherently
superior to people of other racial groups was widely accepted and sometimes openly expressed. At
times, in fact, white supremacy was an explicit policy goals But today's policies need not be explicitly
race -based to worsen or extend racial inequities. Policies can have those effects if they ignore the
history of governmental and private actions that enforced racial segregation and held back people of
color or ignore the continuing impact of racial bias and other forms of discrimination that ultimately
hold all of us back.
Below we define terms used in this report that help contextualize the need to advance social and racial
justice, a priority often missing from state and local fiscal policymaking. We hope these definitions help
policymakers and advocates name and think through the racial, ethnic, and gender impacts of policy
decisions to make better -informed choices that can dismantle barriers to opportunity and build
healthier, equitable communities and economies.
Antiracist policies: policies that actively seek to dismantle the racism embedded in our social,
economic, and political systems and structures, which results in persistent racial inequities.b
Racial equity: what is achieved when racial and ethnic background no longer predicts a group's social
or economic well-being.
Structural racism: "the historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal policies or practices that
routinely advantage whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes for people of
color."e
Non -dominant groups and identities: groups of people that in a broader society have historically had
fewer resources and less power and influence than another group of people, in ways that are
institutionalized.d
People or communities of color: "Often the preferred collective term for referring to [racial groups that
are not white].... It is important whenever possible to identify people through their own racial/ethnic
group, as each has its own distinct experience and meaning and may be more appropriate."e
White supremacy: "The idea (ideology) that white people and the ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions
of white people are superior to People of Color and their ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions ... [and
that are] ever present in our institutional and cultural assumptions that assign value..."f
a Michael Leachman etal., "Advancing Racial Equity With State Tax Policy," CBPP, November 15, 2018,
cbpp.org/resea eWstate-budget-and-tax/advmcing-racial-equity-with-state-tax-policy.
e Ibram X. Kendi, How to Be an Antiracist, One World/Ballantine, 2019.
Keith Lawrence and Terry Keleher, "Structural Racism," Race and Public Policy Conference, 2004,
**********.intergroupresources.com/re/Definitions%20of%2ORacism.pdf.
d University of Minnesota, "Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies," 2013,
********open.lib.umn.edu/communication/chapter/8-1-foundations-of-culture-and-identity/.
e Race Forward, "Race Reporting Guide," 2015, https://www.raceforward.org/reporting-guide.
f Dismantling Racism Works Web Workbook, "Racism Defined," http://www.dismantlingracism.org/racism-defined.htm1.
FIGURE 1
Wealthiest 10 Percent of White Households Own
Two -Thirds of U.S. Wealth
87 percent of wealth owned by white households
65%
Share owned by top
10 percent of white
households
22% ib
Share owned by other
white households
13%
Share owned by all other
households
Source: Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances
CENTER ON BUDGET AND POLICY PRIORITIES I CBPP.ORG
Such disproportionate health outcomes are due in significant part to structural factors like
inadequate access to health care, racial discritrnation built into the health system,i i and the social
and economic legacies of the nation's racist past particularly its history of oppression of Black
people. In addition, job losses during the health and economic crisis have been concentrated in
lower -wage industries such as the retail and hospitality industries, restaurants, and child care, where
women and people of color including immigrants are overrepresented. Some 24 percent of
both Black and Latin% people are in service industry jobs, compared to 16 percent of white people. 12
In addition, workers in these industries who continued to be employed have been at higher risk of
11 For an overview of this issue, see Martha Hostetter and Sarah Mein, "In Focus: Reducing Racial Disparities in Health (:are
by Confronting Racism," Commonwealth Fund, September 27, 2018,
***********.commonwealthfund.org/Dublications/newsletter-articic/2018/scn/focus-reducing-racial-disDarities-health-eme-
confronting. For a review of Stucky oil cIiscnmmnarion and bias In health care Systems, See WiRmam J. Hall el al, "Implicit
Racial/Edunic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence oil Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review,"
American Journal rfPublic Heallh, Vol. 105, No. 12, E60 E76, htgls://doi.ort/10.2105/AjPH.2O15302903.
12 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Labor force characteristics by race and ethmcity, 2018," BLS Reports, October 2019,
***********.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2018/home.htm; Hye Jin Rho, Bayley Brown, and Shawn Fremstad,
"A Basic Demographic Profile of \Florkers In Frontline Indusmes," Center for Economic and Policy Research, April7, 2020,
********ccpr.net/a-basic-demo rapa hic-profile-of-workers-in-frontline-industries/; and Chad Stone, "People Already Facing
Opportutum Barriers Hit Hardest by Massive April Job Losses," CBPP, May 12, 2020, https://www.ebpp.org/blo eople
contracting COVID-19 because their jobs generally did not allow work from -home arrangements.`
While high -wage jobs, which are held disproportionately by white workers, largely rebounded from
the initial downturn in the spring of 2020, low -wage jobs held more heavily by workers of color
remain far below pre -pandemic levels. (See Figure 2.)
FIGURE 2
High -Wage Workers Have Recovered Most Lost
Jobs, But Low -Wage Job Losses Persist
Change in employment rates, January 15, 2020 to March 12, 2021
10%-
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
Jan 15
Highwageemployment
Mar 15 May 15 Jul 15 Sep 15 Nov 15 Jan 15
2020 2021
Note: Low -wage employment defined as an annual salary of less than $27,000. High -wage
employment defined as an annual salary of greater than $60,000 per year.
Source: Opportunity Insights
CENTER ON BUDGET AND POLICY PRIORITIES I CBPP.ORG
States have critical choices to make that can do much to reverse these inequities. The decisions
lawmakers make in the coming months will shape the duration of the health and economic crises
they face and the strength and quality of their economic recovery. Three principles can guide them
in their efforts.
1: Target Aid to Those Most in Need Due to Health, Economic Crises
States' near -term policy responses should prioritize supports for people and communities most in
need due to the pandemic and accompanying economic crisis. They should target aid to essential
workers and people who, due to a lack of public investment, economic inequality, and historical and
current discrimination and bias,14 were experiencing health and economic insecurity even before the
crisis began. That includes those with chronic health issues or without health insurance, people
experiencing homelessness, immigrants and their families, people involved in the criminal justice
system, and others facing major barriers to work or struggling on low pay. States should also target
11 Ari]encan Civil Liberties limos of Mussuchu Setts, "Data, Show COV1D-19 Is Hitung LSSCrltlal W orkers and People of Color
Hardest," Data for Justice Project, April 9, 2020, https://www.aclum.or en publications/data.-show-covid-l9-hitdng-
essential-workers-and-people-color-hardest.
t^ LaDonna Pavetti and Peggy Bailey, 'Boost Safety Net to Help People With Fewest Resources Pay for Basics During Crisis,"
CBPP, Apn129, 2020, https://www.ebpp.org/research/poverty-and-lrlequalityZboost-Safety-rlet-to Mp-people-with-fewest-
resoumes-May-for-basics.
people who could face lasting harm due to the pandemic unless they receive effective assistance in
the near term, including people with mental illnesses or substance use disorders that emerged or
worsened during the health emergency and children who experienced months of unfinished learning
due to school closures. Importantly, states and localities should use the American Rescue Plan funds
to reduce barriers for COVID-19 testing and treatment by ensuring vaccination plans are equitable
and that all individuals have access regardless of immigration status.15
A number of states took steps over the last year to help those most in need. For example, New
Jersey removed a cap on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance for
larger families; Massachusetts suspended work requirements for TANF families during COVID-19;
and Virginia enacted a new work sharing law to avoid layoffs during the downturn by allowing
companies to reduce worker hours and allowing workers to receive partial unemployment benefits
for their lost hours and income. Some states, including California, Illinois, and New York, have
provided direct cash payments to people who were not eligible for federal stimulus payments due to
their immigration status. The District of Columbia increased investments in homelessness
prevention and housing affordability. New Mexico implemented policies to make child care available
to some of the state's essential workers when the pandemic started and to provide needed health
care to child care workers who were uninsured and contracted the coronavirus."
The American Rescue Plan provides substantial emergency funding to help families afford their
immediate and basic needs such as food, housing, and child care. Much of this funding will go
directly to individuals in need or for what goes to states is designated for the provision of
particular forms of support such as rental assistance or subsidies for child care providers.
Maximizing the impact of these crucial emergency investments requires that people know about
them and can navigate the processes needed to access them. As such, it's important for states to
build robust outreach operations focused on publicizing the available benefits and connecting
eligible people to them. More specifically, states should:
Build a robust outreach operation. States should take particular care to design outreach
efforts focused on those with unique challenges, such as people with disabilities, people of
color, and immigrants and their family members, who may face a host of hurdles including
language barriers and may have misplaced concerns that receiving help could have
implications for their immigration status or ability to stay in the United States. More
specifically, states can:
o Launch a public anwrene s campaign that includes a centralized, one -stop -shop webpage
at which people can learn about the various kinds of supports for which they may be
eligible. The campaign should also include media outreach in languages targeted to
particular communities and engage community -based groups in helping raise
awareness and in directing people to the centralized site. States can also prioritize
r' Jemtfer Sullivan, "Stares Can Reduce Barriers to COVID-19 V3ccltles end Treatment, Especially for Imrivgrants," CBPP,
April 15, 2021, httl)s://www.cbpp.org/blog/stltes-c3tl-reduce-barriers-to-coved-19-y3ccitles-. rict-tre2tmetlt-especi.A�-for-
immi r{* ilts.
16 iMatt Bieber, "Govertlor orders agencies to develop child care plan for first responders, key persomlel; encourages Meclimld
enrollment," New Mexico Children, Youth and Ra illes Department, D4arch 18, 2020,
********c, t�Q/news/news/govemor-orders-agencies-to-develop-child-care-plan-for-first-responders.
working with telephone and online "helplines," which can connect people to
resources they may not otherwise know about.
o Convene and train oigani{ations that already hep people access .SNAP, Aledicaid, or other
supports. The state can make these groups aware of the various forms of assistance
now available and provide them with tools and resources such as outreach materials
and directories of places people can go to get help. A key goal of these efforts should
be to build more destinations around communities where people can learn about the
full range of supports and how to get them. States should also train their own staff
across a range of programs so that they can connect a person applying for one form
of assistance to other supports for which they may be eligible.
o Fund oigani{ations that are wellpositioned to reachpeeple withparticularly significant Harriers to
accessing support, including immigrants and people of color with low incomes. States
can provide outreach funds to community organizations such as community
action agencies, faith -based organizations, and religious institutions that are most
familiar with the needs of people in their communities as well as the resources
available to help them. Funded groups should have the trust of their target
communities and mechanisms in place for regularly communicating with the
intended audience. They can use these mechanisms to build awareness and, in some
cases, assistance with applications or with navigating other systems of support. These
investments can also build on existing outreach investments to maximize their
impact. For example, states can provide more funding to grantees that currently
provide application assistance to help enroll people in Medicaid or the Children's
Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
o Consider designing outreach efforts as part of a broader subsidised employmentprogram (discussed
below), thereby providing jobs to unemployed workers while maximizing the
benefits of the available federal aid.
States can also make the most of the American Rescue Plan's housing, food, and child care
assistance by minimizing the hassle involved in accessing the aid. They can do so by supplementing
these federal supports with state -funded efforts when needed and by planning for the long term.
For instance, states can:
Use rental assistance to stop evictions. States should freeze evictions across the board for
as long as economic conditions demand (while providing some compensation to owners) to
prevent more people from losing their housing or living doubled up with other people or
families." With the Rescue Plan's new emergency rental assistance funding, as well as that
from the December relief package, states can create or expand emergency rental assistance
programs to help people struggling to pay rent or utilities during the pandemic." Such
I- National ,U"ice to End Homelessness, "A Framework for COVID-it) Homelessness Response: Responcling to the
Intersecting (,rises of Homelessness acid COVlD-19," https:ZZet]dhomelesstless.orgZa-framework-for-coed-l9-homelesstless-
response-respondtne'-to-the-lntersecdtig-crises-of homelessness-and-coved-19/.
to Douglas Rice and Ann Oliv'A, "Housing Assistance in American Rescue Plan Act Vill Prevent Millions of Evictions, Help
People Experiencing Homelessness," Center on Budget and Poficy Priorities, D4arch 11, 2021,
***********.ebpp.org/research/housin housing-assistance-in-american-rescue-plan-act-will-prevent-millions-of-evictions.
programs should have as little red tape and other barriers as possible to increase access for
those who need it most, including immigrants without documentation.
States can complement these federal dollars with other resources (including the Rescue Plan's
Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Funds, discussed below) to avoid evictions and maintain
such programs beyond the pandemic or provide longer -term housing assistance for people
who face greater risk of homelessness or additional barriers to receiving federal, non -
emergency rental assistance. That includes people leaving jail or prison, people with substance
use disorders, people with mental health conditions, and immigrants and their families. States
can also provide additional aid to shelters and create new non -congregate spaces for sheltering
using state funds, to supplement federal resources in the Rescue Plan." And states can fund
medical respite care for people leaving the hospital with no place to live.
Serve people who otherwise would go hungry. Food hardship has especially affected Black
and Latin% households (see Figure 3) and households with children. Between roughly 5 and 9
million children live in a household in which the children didn't eat enough in the last seven
days because they couldn't afford enough food; by comparison, in December 2019 1.1 million
children lived in households where the children didn't get enough to eat at any point in the
last 30 days.20 While the Rescue Plan's temporary 15 percent increase in SNAP (food stamp)
benefits and other forms of emergency food assistance will reduce hunger in the next few
months, states could ensure that the Pandemic F BT program's school meal replacement
benefits get to all children including those in households with immigrants and younger
children who had meals in child care settings whenever school is not in person.
Build a high -functioning child care system with a focus on equity and essential
workers. States have a historic $50 billion total in new federal investments in child care
included in the Rescue Plan and the December relief package that they can use to help child
care providers stay afloat, reopen, or expand capacity, and to help parents and caretakers
afford child care.21 States should stabilize care providers, using the full flexibility of the added
funding for the Child Care and Development Block Grant ($10 billion from the December
2020 relief package and $15 billion from the American Rescue Plan), plus the Rescue Plan's
$24 billion for a child care stabilization fund, to ensure providers can quickly return to or
expand operations safely.22 Additionally, states can subsidize providers that provide low-cost
child care for essential workers and caretakers doing low -wage work, and make child care
more affordable for low -wage workers who left the labor market due to child care
responsibilities during the pandemic.2'
19 Ibid.
20 CBPP, "firicking the COVID-19 Recession's Effects ou Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships."
21 All caa Hardy and Katherine Gallagher Robbins, "Child Care Relief FuncLng in American Rescue Plan: State -by -State
Estimates," CLASP, updated March W, 2021, https://www.clasp.org/publications/fact-sheet/child-care-estimates-american-
rescue-plan.
22 Muddle Ewen, Lauren Hogan, and Christi tie]ohnsou-Staub, "How States Can Spend $10 Billion for Clvld Care \Flell,
\xisely, & With Urgency," National Assocaatiou for the Education ofYoung Children (NAEYO, Educadou(louusel, and
CL[')Pjmuary 27, 20Y i,htg2s://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/pubficadotis/202i/0i/policy 10billiou for ecdbg.pdf,
and NAEYC, "NAEYC Lauds $39B in Child Care and Family Relief in Arr ericau Rescue Plan," March W, 2021,
*** ***** ***.nac,1 c.org/about-us/news/press-releases/american-rescue- a�lan.
23 Christine]olulsou-Staub, "State Implementation of the Historic COVID Child Care Relief and Stabifizariou Funds,"
CLASP, March 2021,
FIGURE 3
Black and Latinx Households Likelier to
Experience Food Insufficiency During Pandemic
Share of adults saying that their household sometimes or often did not
have enough to eat in the last 7 days
All adults
Black, not Latinx
Latinx (any race)
Other/multiracial,
not Latinx
White, not Latinx
Asian, not Latinx
9%
16%
16%
12
_ 6%
5%
Note: Other/multiracia 1, not Latlnx= people Identifying as American Indian, Alaska Native,
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or more than one race. Percentages are based on
reporting distributions and do not include the populations that did not respond to the question.
Source: CBPP analysis of Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey tables for March 17-29, 2021
CENTER ON BUDGET AND POLICY PRIORITIES I CBPRORG
In addition to emergency assistance for people's housing, food, child care, and other needs, the
American Rescue Plan includes more flexible fiscal aid to states through a Coronavirus State Fiscal
Recovery Fund. (Cities, counties, tribal nations, and U.S. territories also receive fiscal aid through
Rescue Plan.) States may be able to use these Fiscal Recovery Funds to cover some of the
supplementary costs described above. States should also use the Funds to provide a range of
additional supports for people in need, especially households with Black, Indigenous, and immigrant
members, which have long been overlooked. Treasury guidance expected soon will set official
parameters for using these funds. For now, states can certainly use the Fiscal Recovery Funds to:
a Avoid cuts in existing services for people in need and undo last year's cuts. States can
use the Fiscal Recovery Funds to make up for revenue lost due to the pandemic, avoid cuts in
services people need, and undo any harmful cuts they already imposed.
Provide premium pay to essential workers. The Fiscal Recovery Funds can be used to
provide up to $13 per hour in bonus or "premium" pay to essential public and private
workers, on top of their regular pay, up to a maximum of $25,000 per worker. States should
prioritize workers who need support the most particularly workers earning less than $15 per
hour, and should provide the most premium pay to the lowest -wage workers, thus helping
***********.clasp.org/sitcs/default/filcs/publications/2021/03/2021_Statc%20lmplementation%2000VID%20CC%2ORcli
ef%20and%20Stabillzation%20Punds%20.pcI
10
ensure that essential workers of color receive additional support in proportion to the
pandemic's racially disparate impact."
Additional steps states should take might be permissible under the Fiscal Recovery Funds; in
other cases their own resources will be needed. For example, they can:
Create subsidized jobs, a proven strategy for advancing racial equity and boosting an
economic recovery.0 Higher unemployment in recessions widens racial gaps, worsening racial
inequities and hurting the economy as a whole.2' As decades of evidence show, subsidized
employment dramatically improves participants' employment and wages.' Some programs
improve employment outcomes long after they've ended, recent evaluations found." And
evidence from the TANF Emergency Fund, which funded 260,000 subsidized jobs in the
recovery from the Great Recession, shows that with adequate funding and flexibility, states
can scale up programs quickly to respond to an economic downturn.21
Provide unrestricted cash payments to individuals and families with limited incomes.
Tens of millions of people are struggling to put food on the table, pay rent and utilities, or
cover basic expenses. While the Rescue Plan provides aid to address some of these needs,
some families and individuals will continue to experience high levels of hardship for the
foreseeable future. Many of these families were already struggling to meet their basic needs
before the pandemic and did not have savings or flexible resources in their tight budgets to
cover the extra costs it imposed.
An efficient way to get additional income to these households is to provide unrestricted, direct
cash payments for a limited period to households with little or no income, such as TANF
recipients or SNAP households with incomes below some level, for example below 50 percent
of the federal poverty level. These payments can be provided quickly and efficiently through
state systems already in place to provide TANF or SNAP benefits. States can use the
Pandemic TANF Emergency Assistance funds to provide such payments to families with
children, and could use state funds or Fiscal Recovery Funds to reach more families and to
provide such payments to households without children.
24 Nfolb Kinder, "With federal aid oil the way, it's time for Sortie aild local governments to boost pay for trotiditle esseilmd
workers," Brookings, April, 6, 2021, httpS://www.brookitigs.edu/bloe/the-avenue/2021/04/06/with-federal-aid-on-the-,
25 Laura Nfeyer, "Subsiclized Jobs: A Proven Strategy to 1\id ail Equitable Economic Recovery," CBPP, updated April 1, 2021,
ebpp. ore/research/family-income-suFlpor /subsidized-employment-a-proven-strategy-to-aid-an-equitable-
econoimc.
2e Pavetti aild Bailey, rp. cil.
2- Inchvar Dut rt-Gupta el aL, "Lessons Lemled From 40 Years of Subsiclized Employment Programs," Georgetown Center oil
Povmff aild IClequAty, Spring20M, httl)s://www.georgetownpoyertyArgZNyM-COntentZupload SZ2O16Zn%/G(,PI-SubSldized-
Emplovment-Paper-20160413.pcI
28 Daitelle Cummings and Dan Bloom, "Can Subsiclized Employment Progtams Help Disadvantaged Job Seekers7" MDR(:,
February 2020, https://www.mdreorg[pubficadon/earl-subsiclized-eMloyment grams-help-clisadvantaged-job-seekers.
29 LaDonna Pavetd, Liz Schott, aild Elizabeth Lower -Basch, "Creating Subsiclized Employment Opporturtues for Low -
Income Parents: The Legacy of the TANF Emergency Fund," CBPP aild CL[ SP, February 16, 2011,
***********.cbpp.ore/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2-16-1ltanf. iddf.
11
States could also provide cash payments to other specific populations particularly likely to be
struggling in the current economy, such as people remrning from jail or prison and
community college students with low incomes.
States should design these payments so that immigrants can receive them regardless of status.
States can use their own funds for this purpose. Treasury may clarify under what
circumstances the Fiscal Recovery Funds may be spent to support immigrants regardless of
status and states should consider ways to do so. States may be able to fund nonprofit agencies
to provide payments and other supports regardless of the immigration status of recipients, or
even use the Fiscal Recovery Funds directly for this purpose.
Help children catch up on unfinished learning. By some estimates, students on average
will lose nine months of learning by the end of the 2020-21 school year. s) Students of color,
who face particular barriers in education partly due to the historical legacy of discrimination,
may well have lost a full year of learning. Helping these children make up the educational time
they've lost will require a substantial and sustained effort including efforts like high -quality
tutoring and increased learning time (such as through an extended school day or school year).
Education Resource Strategies, a nonprofit education research firm, estimates that in districts
that serve high concentrations of students living in poverty, Black and Latinx students, or
English -language learners, it could take five years of extended learning time and tutoring to
put students back on track." The Rescue Plan's $123 billion for schools will help a great deal,'e
but states will need to supplement this crucial support using the Fiscal Recovery Funds or
their own revenues if all students who need help over the next several years are to get the help
they need.
Increase access to health coverage and services. Depending on Treasury guidance, states
may be able to use the flexible Fiscal Recovery Funds to implement state -funded health
programs that provide health coverage to people ineligible for Medicaid or the Affordable
Care Act's (ACA) marketplace coverage, like certain immigrants." Making health coverage
accessible to as many residents as possible is crucial to keeping people healthy and safe, and to
further reining in the virus. States can also maximize use of the Medicaid provision requiring
states to pay for emergency medical services provided to individuals who, but for their
immigration status, would be eligible for Medicaid. Specifically, states can identify COVID-
related medical concerns as an emergency and thus reimburse medical providers for COVID-
related treatment and testing provided to this group.
States should also take advantage of other provisions in the Rescue Plan that strengthen
Medicaid, including an enhanced Medicaid matching rate for mobile crisis intervention
services, which help de-escalate behavioral health crises and connect people to community -
based services, avoiding costly emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Mobile crisis
l0 Emma Dorn el aZ, "COVID-19 and learCvng loss cLspannes grow and students need help," Mc Muse & Company,
December g, 2020, hns://www.mckltisey.COM/lndusmes/pubfc-atict-social-sector our-lC]siVhts/coyict-l6-aud-leartttLloss-
cLspannes-grow-and-Students-need-help.
li Zhao, NUfluo, and Travers, (�b. al.
�2 Nicholas ]ohnson and Victorm kckson, "American Rescue Plan 11ct Includes Much -Needed K-12 FuncLng," CBPP, March
15, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/State-budget-and-tax/american-rescue-plan-act includes-much-needed-k-12-
fluid i .
?? Erica Williams, Eric Figueroa, and NX esley Thalpe, "Inclusive Approach to Immigrants NXJ)o Are Undocumented (:an Help
Families and States Prosper," CBPP, updated December 19, 2019, htcps://www.ebpp.org/research/State-bud eg emd-
tax/inclusive-approach-to-immigrants-who-are-undocumented-can-help.
12
services may also prevent the arrest and incarceration of people with mental health and
substance use disorders, who are disproportionately represented in the nation's jails and
prisons and among fatal police shootings.''
2: Advance Long -Term Antiracist, Equitable Policies to Dismantle Persistent
Inequities
States can use this moment to address inequities due to historical racism and various forms of
ongoing bias and discrimination. Racism and other structural barriers to opportunity have created
underlying social, economic, and health conditions that have left people of color, especially Black
people, women, immigrants, and Indigenous people, particularly at risk of coronavirus infection and,
in the case of Black, Latin%, and Native American people, death." Black unemployment is roughly
twice as high as white unemployment on average over time, and it's not much better in the Hest of
times than white unemployment is in the worst of times."
Undoing these inequities will require substantial, sustained investments in the education, health,
and well-being of long -neglected communities. Many states took some steps in the right direction in
the last year by advancing longer -term antiracist policies. States can take more transformational steps
in the coming year, in part by jumpstarting new investments using Rescue Plan funds.
Voters in Oklahoma and Missouri approved measures in 2020 to expand Medicaid, which
together will provide access to health coverage for more than 600,000 residents.'- New Jersey
lawmakers extended the state's earned income tax credit (FITC) to younger workers not claiming
children; California and Colorado extended their EITCs to those filing taxes with an individual
taxpayer identification number (ITIN), largely immigrants who are undocumented." Voters in
Colorado also approved a statewide paid family leave program, while lawmakers in California
expanded their state's program.
New Mexico not only extended its EITC to ITIN filers and workers not raising children in the
home but also increased the size of the credit and gave a one-time rebate to low-income essential
workers who receive the state EITC.'' Voters made Florida the eighth state to increase the state
minimum wage to $15 per hour." California, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, and Washington
)4 Hznnah Batch, Atrtm Bailey, and Juclith Solomon, "American Rescue Plan Act Strengthens Meclicaid, Better Equips SCltes to
Combat the Pandemic," (BPP, March 22, 2021, hns://www.cbnp.org/research/health/american-rescue-plan-act-
ss Pavetti and Bailey, rp. cil.
sa (BPP, "Chart Book: Tracking the Post -Great Recession Economy," updated April 8, 2021,
***********.ebpp.org/research/economv/chart-book-trackingpost-great-recession-economy.
n Jesse Cross -Call, "Missouri, Oklahoma Should Quickly Implement Meclicaid Expansion Amid COVID-19," CBPP, August
18, 2020, https://www.ebpp.org/blog/missouri-oklahoma-should-quickly-implement-medicaid-expansion-amid-covid-19.
is Samantha W gxman, "States Should Follow California and Colorado, Extend EITC to More Immigrants," CBPP, August 4,
2020, htg2s://www.cb=.org/blog/states-should-follow-c-kEfonila-and-colorado-extend-eite-to-more-immiaants.
)9 Office of the Governor, "Gov. Lupi Grisham enacts measure effectively slashing taxes for New Mexico working families,"
April 6, 2021, htq>s://www.governor.state.nm.us/2021/04/06/gov-lujan-gxisham-enacts-measure-effectively-slashing �es-
40 Sadaf Knight, "Statement on Amendment 2 Passage and State Policy Landscape," Florida Policy Institute, November 3,
2020, https://www.flondapolic�rg[posts/statement-0n-amendmenE2-passage-and-state-poficy-landscate.
13
created relief funds for workers and families left out of federal relief measures. Georgia, Kentucky,
and Oregon improved their unemployment insurance systems.
Seven states (Hawai`i, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Virginia, and West Virginia)
passed legislation since the start of the pandemic to stop driver's license suspensions for unpaid fees
and fines. Also, California repealed some county criminal and legal fees and eliminated the related
unpaid debt on them. a
In addition, the Rescue Plan includes substantial aid that states can use to make major progress
toward dismantling long-standing inequities. For instance, states can:
Invest in broadband, water, and sewer infrastructure projects. States can use the Fiscal
Recovery Funds to make these investments, and should design them to maximize the long-
term benefits for reducing racial and economic inequities. For example, they can make
broadband investments that provide better job access in Indian Country and low-income rural
communities and modernize clean water systems in neighborhoods where lead poisoning
from neglected pipes is prevalent.
Adopt the ACA's Medicaid expansion. At least 4 million uninsured people, nearly 60
percent of them people of color, would become eligible for Medicaid if the 12 remaining
states adopted the expansion. Expansion has narrowed long-standing disparities in health
coverage and access to care for people of color, and preliminary evidence suggests it is also
improving their health outcomes. These improvements are all the more crucial during the
COVID-19 pandemic; as noted, in most states infection rates and deaths from the virus are
higher among Black and Latinx people and American Indians and Alaska Natives.42 The
Rescue Plan provides a substantial incentive by giving funds to states that expand their
Medicaid programs, making expansion even more attractive.'
Other steps that states can take to dismantle long-standing inequities and sustain those gains in
the future include the following:
Make state unemployment insurance (UI) systems more inclusive. The American
Rescue Plan extended through September 6 earlier federal provisions that provided more
weeks of unemployment benefits so that jobless workers wouldn't lose them while the nation
struggled with COVID-19 and its economic fallout as well as the Pandemic Unemployment
Assistance program, which expands benefit eligibility to more jobless workers. These federal
UI expansions have been critical because many state UI systems provide meager benefits and
exclude many workers with low wages and part-time or contingent schedules, including many
41 Cormey Sanders, "Califortm Criminal Fee Repeal a Big Step for Racial justice, Equitable Polley," CBPP, October 14, 2020,
***********.ebpp.ora/bloe/california-criminal-fee-repeal-a-bie-step-for-racial-justice-equitable-policy
42 Jesse Cross -Call, "Meclicaid Expansion Has Helped Narrow Racial Disparities in Health Coverage and Access to Care,"
CBPP, October 21, 2020, htg>s://www.ebpp.org/research/health/meclicaid-expansion-has-helped-narrow-racial-disparities-in-
health-coveetge_mcl.
41 Robin Rudowitz, Braclley Corallo, and Rachel Garfield, "New Incentive for States to Adopt the ACA Dfeclicatd Expansion:
Implications for State SpencLng," Kuser Fanvly Foundation, March 17, 2021, https://www.kff.orgZcoronavlrus-coyd-
19/issue-brief/new-lncenuve-for-states-to-adopt-the-aca-mecLcatd-expansion-implications-for-state-spencLti .
14
laid off due to the pandemic.44 These workers are disproportionately women and people of
color. States should reform their UI systems to expand eligibility to as many workers as
possible. They should also consider ways to assist immigrants who are undocumented and
who have been laid off due to the virus but are ineligible for existing federal and state
benefits.45 New York's provision of economic assistance payments for immigrants left out of
federal stimulus payments and unemployment insurance is a good model."
Adopt state -level emergency and permanent paid leave policies. Such policies should be
responsive to workers' heightened caregiving responsibilities and workers' needs related to
COVID-19 vaccination or testing during the pandemic. The Rescue Plan extended tax credits
available to employers offering paid leave and added new qualifying reasons for paid leave,
including getting vaccinated for COVID-19, recovering from the vaccination, and seeking (or
awaiting results from) a COVID-19 test; states can publicize these provisions and otherwise
encourage employers to take advantage of them.'- In addition, once the health crisis has
ended, states should craft robust paid leave policies and make sure they cover workers least
likely to have access, a group that includes many women, people of color, part-time workers,
and immigrants.°" In crafting these policies, states can look to the District of Columbia and six
states that have already enacted paid family and medical leave programs. (Those six states are
California, Massachusetts, New jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington. Three
more states Connecticut, Oregon, and Colorado will begin paying benefits in upcoming
years.) States can learn from these programs and improve upon them since even in these
states, barriers to access remain.
Boost incomes through state EITCs or state child tax credits. States can adopt and
expand their own versions of the federal EITC,'9 including by increasing the size of their
credits and extending them to workers without Social Security numbers, largely immigrants
who are undocumented. These credits help address the disparate racial impact of regressive
taxes like sales taxes by boosting the after-tax incomes of low -wage households struggling to
make ends meet And while state and federal EITCs serve a larger number of white households
than of any other racial or ethnic group (because there are more white households in the
United States), they serve a larger proportion of people of color. For example, more than a
quarter of Latina women and a fifth of Black women aged 18 to 64 are eligible for the federal
44 See Michael Leachmm and jenmfer SuWvm, "Some States Much Better Prepared Than Others for Recession," CBPP,
March 20, 2020, htq>s://www.ebpp.org/research/state-budget and-tax/some-states-much-better- re aced -than -otters -for -
recession.
4' Nadond Imm igmuon Law Center, "State and Local Advomcy for m Immigrant Inclusive Response to the COVID-19
Crisis," 11pn12020, hops://www.mlc.org/resources-covldl9-crisis-and-consequences/coved-l9-shared-crisis-shared-soludotis.
46AYICLe horYed and Luis Eerre-SaduriL, "$2.1 Billion for Undocumented Workers Signa.l'S New York's Progressive Shift,"
Nm, York Times, updated April 19, 2021, https://www.nynmes.com/2021/04/08/nvregton/coved-relief-undocumented-
workers-m c.html.
4- Sviia Mehra., "Paid Family and Meclic d Leave and Paid Sick Leave Provisions in the American Rescue Plan Act," CLASP,
March2021,htq>s://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/publlcatons/2021/Oi/ARPProvisions 202i.rd
45 Pronita Gupta and Tanya Goldman, "LOW job QuaLty Leaves Workers and Our Economy More Vulnerable to the Next
Recession," Center for Law and Social Policy, September 2019,
***********.clasp.ore/sites/default/filcs/publications/2019/09/2019_nextrecession.pd
49 States considering adopting or expancling a State EITC Should review Treasury guidatice detatLng how the Secretary Will
enforce a provision about tax cuts connected to the Rescue Plan'S Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Funds. That provision
may Samantha W gxman and juliette Legendre, "States Can Adopt or Expand Earned Income Tax Creclits to Build Equitable,
Inclusive Communities and Economies," CBPP, updated March 11, 2021, https://www.ebpp.org/research/state-bud eg tgnd-
tax/states-can-adopt or-expand-earned-income-tax-creclits-to-build.
15
1~ITC, compared to 11 percent of white women. (See Table 1.) 1~ITCs also have a
disproportionate impact in reducing poverty rates among households of color. And state
1~ITCs work particularly well when combined with increases in the state minimum wage.$'
States can also create or expand their own version of the federal child tax credit. The few
states with child tax credits today should make them fully available to families with low
earnings or that lack earnings in a year (that is, states should make them "refundable"). The
remaining states can create a new child tax credit that's a percentage of the federal credit,
similar to most state 1~ITCs, or enact one that provides families a set amount based on family
size. State child tax credits should also extend to ITIN filers, many of whom are immigrants.
TABLE 1
Women (Filers and Spouses) Eligible for Federal EITC
Share of Women Aged
18 to 64 in Racial and
Women Eligible for the
Ethnic Group Eligible for
EITC
Average EITC Amount
the EITC
White
6,379,000
$2,100
11%
Latina (of any race)
4,884,000
$2,800
27%
Black
2,870,000
$2,500
22%
Asian American
825,000
$2,300
12%
Not listed above or
500,000
$2,300
18%
multiple races
Total 15,457,000 $2,400 15%
Note: The racial and ethnic categories above do not overlap; figures for each racial group do not include women who
identify as multiracial or of Latina ethnicity. Latina includes all women of Hispanic, Latina, or Spanish origin regardless of
race. The American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) population is much more likely than other racial groups to overlap with
other racial or ethnic groups in the Census data. We calculate AIAN figures using a separate approach that includes AIAN
women who identify as multiracial or Latina. These calculations show that about 22 percent of all AIAN women are eligible
for the EITC. These 468,000 women receive an estimated average EITC of $2,400 each. (If we apply the non -overlapping
categories used for other groups, 189,000 women who identify as AIAN alone (no other race) and not Latina --
approximately 23 percent of all women in that group -- are eligible for an average EITC of $2,500.) Due to limitations of the
Census data, the figures do not reflect IRS rules that require all EITC family members to have a Social Security number.
This omission likely has little effect on most of the estimates shown here; the Latina share of those benefitting, however,
may be somewhat overstated. Data are not available for people living in the territories.
Source: CBPP estimates based on U.S. Census Bureau's March 2019 Current Population Survey.
Release youth from confinement and support reentry into schools and communities
while social distancing.51 States should downsize their juvenile facilities by releasing youth
with low-level offenses or technical probation violations, encourage courts to prioritize cases
for pre -adjudication so youth are not detained longer than necessary, and halt new admissions
so Erica Viltiams, Samantha NX axman, and juHette Legendre, "State Earned Income Tax Creclits and Nfirtmum NX7 ges NX ork
Best Together," CBPP, updated March 9, 2020, https://www.ebpp.org/research/state-budget and-tax/state-earned-income-
tax-creclits-and-mirilmum-wages-work-best-together.
't Bill McBride, "COVID-i9 Responses In the Juvenile justice System," National Governors Association, March 30,
2020,https://www.tiga.org/Wp-content/uploads/2020/04/iNfemorandum COVID-I9-Responses-rn-the-juvetLle-jusuce-
S -stcn .pdf
16
to juvenile detentions or correctional facilities. States should also dedicate funds to help youth
exiting confinement meet basic needs such as food, medical supplies, and educational
resources as part of their transition back into the community. And they should eliminate in -
person court and probation meeting requirements, eliminate court payments for probation,
and avoid incarcerating youth for technical violations of probation. For the thousands of
youth who remain in facilities, states and localities should continue operating educational
programing with online learning when in -person learning is unavailable and invest in extra
resources to help youth make up learning time they lost. States and localities also should
provide free, unlimited online and telephone communication to avoid disruptions in mental
health services and in visitation from legal counsel, families, or community partners.
Eliminate criminal legal fees and base fines on ability to pay. During the pandemic states
and localities should discharge all outstanding fines, fees, and court debt or at least stop
penalizing and jailing individuals for unpaid fines and fees.5e States should also stop
suspending driver's licenses for unpaid fees and fines, a practice that can hurt people's ability
to work and engage with their families and communities. Going forward, states and localities
should eliminate criminal legal fees, base fines on ability to pay, and use general funds to
support their courts and police departments " Since the Rescue Plan's Fiscal Recovery Funds
can be used to pay for courts and other existing public services, up to the amount of
pandemic -induced revenue loss, states with that sort of revenue loss could use the funds to
help permanently transition away from reliance on fees and fines. That is, they could eliminate
or scale back fee revenue and replace the lost funds temporarily with Fiscal Recovery Funds to
ease their transition away from criminal legal fees. (Since eliminating or reducing fee and fine
revenue would not result in a reduction in tax revenue, it does not appear to run afoul of the
Rescue Plan's provision restricting states from using the funds to reduce taxes 54) In addition,
states should reform or eliminate mandatory minimums and other sentencing laws that have
led to extremely high rates of incarceration, especially those that harmed Black and brown
communities, and left those in detention facilities at greater risk of infection.
Invest in high -poverty school districts. The American Rescue Plan provides $123 billion to
help schools educate children safely and to make up for lost learning time. These funds will
help schools cover the substantial costs the pandemic has imposed but won't improve the
long-term funding picture for underfunded, high -poverty districts. States can help by
protecting these districts from budget cuts, improving school funding formulas to better target
dollars to children of color and those in lower -income households, and raising new revenue to
transform currently under-resourced schools over the long term. In many states, wealthier
districts receive more state and local K-12 funding per student than poorer ones; some other
states make little to no distinction between wealthy and poor districts when allocating
funding ss Yet children in poorer neighborhoods and in communities of color need more
resources to combat the effects of racism and economic hardship on their educational
52 Dines & Fees justice Center, "COVID-19 Crisis: FF)C Poficy Recommendations and Policy Tracker," May 6, 2020
********finesmdfccsiustieceenter.ore/articles/ffic-Doliev-recommendations-for-the-covid-l9-crisis/.
si Cormey Sanders, "Califortm Criminal Fee Repeal a Big Step for Racial justice, Equitable Poficy," CBPP, October 14, 2020,
***********.cbpp.org/blog/california-criminal-fee-repeal-a-big-step-for-racial-justice-equitable-policy.
54 Nicholas johusou, "Rescue Plan Protects Jlgainst Using Federal Dollars to Cut State Taxes," CBPP, March 11, 2021,
hops://www.cbpp.org/blog/rescue-plan-protects-against-using-federal-dollars-to-cut-state-taxes.
ss Danielle Farrie, Robert Kim, and David G. Sciasa, "Nfaking the Grade 2019," Education Law Center,
https://ecllawcenter.org/assets/Making-dte-Grade/Making%20the%20Grade%2O2019.pf.
17
outcomes. School districts with children from lower -income households often coordinate with
broader community resources to provide essential supports like mental health services, food,
health care, and after -school care. Increasing investment in schools in high -poverty
neighborhoods can give families greater access to these service "hubs," whereas most students
from wealthier (often white) households can already afford these services "
Invest in higher education for those from non -dominant groups. States should sharply
reduce college tuition and other college -related costs for low-income students and prioritize
funding for regional colleges and universities that educate more students from lower -income
areas, including rural areas, and students of color. States can also prioritize need -based student
aid above merit -based programs, which can direct resources to college students from
privileged backgrounds typically white students and students from high -income and
wealthier communities. States deeply cut higher education funding and sharply raised tuition
in the years after the Great Recession hit, especially burdening students of color. The net price
of a four-year institution of higher education now equals 40 percent or more of the median
household income for Latin% and Black households in many states, a much greater burden
than for the median white household.'- (See Figure 4.) States may be able to use Fiscal
Recovery Funds to increase need -based aid for these students.
56 Nflichael B. Horu ]uGa Freeland, and Stuart M. Butter, "Schools as Commutim Hubs: Integrating Support Services to Drive
Educational Outcomes," Brookings Institution, September 2015, htg>s://www.brookings.eduZNvT-
content/uploads/2016/O6/Horn-Freeland-Paper-FINAL..pd
se The net price of attending a pubfic four-year tnsuturiou is the published twnou and fees, room and board, and books and
supplies minus the average aid received for a student For a full explamdou of the data., see Victoria]acksou and Mate Saen2,
"States Can Choose Better Path for Higher Education Funcling iu COVID-19 Recession," CBPP, February 17, 2021,
https://www.ebpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-Can-choose-better-path-for-higher-edumdon-funcLng-ln-coved.
18
FIGURE 4
Public College Less Affordable for Black, Hispanic Students
Net cost for four-year college as a share of median household income, 2018
Overall
<20% 20-30% 31-40% >40%
IO SD
WY
M/ DL
NE �
CA CO KS MO
AZ NM 0K AR
% LA
AK
Black
HI
<20% 20-30% 3140% >40%
White, non -Hispanic
<20% 20-30% 31-40% >40%
MT NO MN�
OR ID SO
WY
NE A
NV UT
CA CO KS MO
AZ NM 0K AR
k LA
AK
Hispanic
HI
e20% 20-30% 31-dOek >10%
MT NO
OR
ID SO WI v ).� �I
WY MI r1
NV DF IL IN ,
1 CO MD VA
INC
AZ NM AR
GA
Tx IA
AK � ew
HI �
DC ❑
Notes: For the full set of data and tables, see CBPP.org: "States Can Choose Better Path for Higher Education Funding in COVID-19
Recession." Results are not included where the sta❑hard error associated with the median income is more than 10 percent of the
estimated median income and are presented with an asterisk where the median income for that group is statistically different from
that of non- Hispanic white households. Note that suppression and statistical significance tests are tied to median income, not
average net cost as a share of (estimated) median income. Some people in the "Black" category may also identify as "Hispanic,' so
these categories are not necessarily exclusive.
The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System does not collect average net price by race. Average net price by race could
vary. We use median household income because independent students (those considered financially independent from their
parents) are over half of all college students. Median family income is higher than median household income, so average net price
would make up a smaller share of income for students in the median family.
Source: American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (Table B19013) and NCES Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
CENTER ON BUDGET AND POLICY PRIORITIES I CBPP.ORG
Help tribal governments harmed by the pandemic. Many tribal governments lack an
adequate tax base and use revenue from tribal enterprises and member -owned businesses to
fund government operations and services. The economic downturn has hit many of these
sectors such as tourism and conferences, gaming and hotels, and ener7 development
19
particularly hard s" American Indians and Alaska Natives are also more vulnerable to health
complications associated with the virus, in part because the federal government has failed to
meet its trust and treaty obligations to adequately fund tribal health services and other
supports. The federal government should provide additional aid, but states can also help by
providing aid to tribal colleges and universities in their state; investing in rural, tribal, and
urban Indian health centers; and expanding access to broadband to ensure access to telehealth
and remote work and educations"
Build a comprehensive support system for people with substance use disorders
(SUDs). Fewer than 13 percent of the 21 million -plus people who need substance use
services get any."' A comprehensive system of SUD care would provide a full continuum of
treatment and recovery services to people living with all types of substance use disorders,
integrate care for their co-occurring physical and mental health conditions, advance racial
equity in treatment access and quality, and connect people with services to meet their social
needs.
States should use Medicaid as the foundation for funding comprehensive care for people with
low incomes (and states that have not expanded Medicaid should do so, opening up
significant funding for SUD treatment). Medicaid can cover a rich array of clinical SUD
treatment services, recovery supports, and other mental and physical health care. And in
contrast to grant -funded programs, Medicaid guarantees health coverage to all who qualify, so
funding adjusts to meet rising need. But states should use their own funds (or the Fiscal
Recovery Funds, to the extent Treasury allows) to pay for services that Medicaid doesn't cover
and to fund treatment for people with SUDS who are under- or uninsured. That includes
many formerly incarcerated people, immigrants without Social Security numbers, and people
ineligible for Medicaid because their state has not expanded the program.
3: Strengthen State Revenue Systems to Sustain Transformative Investments
State policymakers face an unprecedented situation. Their costs are way up as they attempt to
contain the pandemic and help the millions of people and businesses facing severe hardships. And,
while state revenues have been less harmed by the pandemic than initially feared, they are still below
pre -pandemic projections in most states, and in some states the revenue loss has been severe." At
the same time, the American Rescue Plan and other emergency federal support have greatly
improved the near -term financial picture for states. This has created a historic opportunity to
drastically reduce the hardships that people would otherwise experience during the remainder of the
health emergency and set the stage for a future in which these hardships, which are avoidable, are
much rarer and long -standing inequities due to racism and economic inequality are overcome.
53 Joshuah Marshall, "Tribal Nations Highly Vulnerable to COVID-19 —Need More Federal Relief," CBPP, April 1, 2020,
httos://www.cbt)t).ozg/bloc/tribal-nations-highly-vulnerable-to-covict-l9-need-more-federal-relief
59 Christine A. Nelson and Joanna R. Frye, "Tribal College and Littvervty Funcling: Tribal Sovereignty at the Intersection of
Federal, State, and Local Funcling," American Council on Education/Center for Pohcy Research and Strategy, May 20 M,
httl)s://www.acetiet.edu/Documents/Tribal-(,ollege-and-UCLVCLSIty-Fundln *g.pcI
5° Anna Bailey el al., "Medicaid Is Key to Building a System of Comprehensive Substance Abuse Care for Low-Incorne
People," CBPP, March 18, 2021, htt6s://vww.cb1212.org/research/health/meclicaid-is-key-to-budding-a-system-o
cornorehensive-substance-usecare-for-low.
61 Leachman and McNichol, rp. cit
20
States will first need to spend the emergency federal aid wisely. But unless they also plan for
sustaining the long-term investments required for a better future using their own funds, the Rescue
Plan's advances will be short-lived. To take advantage of this opportunity for transformative change,
states should create revenue systems capable of supporting a future where children aren't allowed to
go hungry, where people can afford housing, health care, and education, and where barriers created
by racism are no longer obstacles to opportunity.
Some states are taking initial steps. In 2020, policymakers in New Jersey and voters in Arizona
raised new revenues from the states' wealthiest families to fund schools and other public services.
The District of Columbia scaled back an ineffective tax incentive for technology companies and
used the savings for a range of critical programs.` Already in 2021, New York adopted higher
income taxes for millionaires and New Mexico has enacted a tax increase on health insurers that's
projected to raise about $110 million annually to fund health insurance marketplace subsidies;
lawmakers also defeated a bill that would have extended to all taxpayers an income tax exemption
for Social Security benefits. The tax break is currently is offered only to low-income people;
extending it to all those with this income would have cost the state millions of dollars per year.
And Connecticut, Minnesota, and Washington are pursuing tax hikes targeted heavily to high -
income people, with an eye toward financing FITC expansions and other equity -enhancing
investments.
Unfortunately, some other states are heading in the opposite direction. The governors of
Mississippi and West Virginia have called for eliminating their states' income taxes, a major revenue
source and the only major state tax based on ability to payC4 Governors and legislative leaders in
Arizona, Idaho, Iowa, Oklahoma, and some other states are pressing for tax cuts that would
particularly benefit high -income (mostly white) people and profitable corporations.
Moving forward, state policymakers can:
Raise revenue, especially from the wealthy and profitable corporations. The United
States (including federal, state, and local governments) raises much less revenue as a share of
the economy than most other industrialized countries.`' As a result the support we provide to
families and communities and the investments we make to broaden opportunity are relatively
weak, resulting in unnecessary hardship that diminishes our quality of life. States can raise
revenue for high -quality schools, health care, and other public investments that help us all
thrive.
Further, past policy decisions have produced state and local tax systems that often ask the
least of wealthy, mostly white households as a share of income, thereby worsening disparities
in wealth and income often built or aggravated by racism. States can raise needed revenue and
62 Tazra Mitchell, "the Mayor and DC Council Balanced the FY 2020 and FY 2021 Budgets Using a Variety of Tactics,
Inclucling Revenue Increases," DC Fiscal Pohcy Institute, September 2H, 2020, hops://www.defpi.org/all/the-mayor-and-cl
council-balanced-the-fy-2020-and-fy-2021-budeets-uStnL,-a-variety-0f-tacdcs-lncluC�nL,-rev tiue-increases/.
G] ASSoCi,,ted Press, "New Mexico House endorses health insurance tax, subsicks," D4arch H, 2021,
https://apnews.comatticle/michelle-luian-grish. m-coronavirus-pandemic-meclicaict-new-mexico-bills-
4c7fOb1dC5d034fafbd20976ecfcbde9.
64 Michael Leachmam, "Some State Pohcymakers Pushing Tax Cuts Amid Videspread Hardship," CBPP, March 4, 2021,
https://www.cbnp.org/blog/some state-poficymakers-pushing-tax-cuts-amid-widespread-hardship.
GS Chye-Clung Huang and Roderick Taylor, "How the Federal Tax (lode Can Better lldvance Racal Equm," CBPP, July 25,
2019, https://www.cbM.or /research/federal-tax/how-the-federal-tax-code-can-better-advance-racial-equity.
21
reduce income inequality by better taxing wealth, such as by improving taxation of stock sales,
large inheritances, expensive property, and other forms of wealth that often face low tax rates
or go untaxed." They can also more adequately tax the incomes of millionaires and other
high -income people.' -
Remove barriers to revenue raising, such as supermajority vote requirements. Many
states have enacted policy barriers that make raising adequate revenue more difficult These
include supermajority requirements to raise revenue (which allow a small group of lawmakers
to slow or block tax measures that have majority support), limits on income tax rates, and
highly restrictive limits on annual spending growth. Some of these emerged from openly white
supremacist state governments of the past yet remain on the books today, helping maintain
racial inequities." Supermajority rules also encourage states to close budget gaps mostly if not
entirely through spending cuts, which can inhibit a recovery."
Roll back economic development incentives and other tax breaks for profitable
corporations. Economic development incentives cost states about $45 billion per year, in
apgregate, despite evidence that they are largely ineffective. Other tax breaks often reward
companies for business activity in which they would have engaged anyway or have a low
"bang for the buck." Rolling back ineffective breaks to improve economic supports for people
in hard-hit communities of color would also improve racial equity; the corporations that
benefit the most from these breaks typically are owned mostly by wealthy and white
shareholders.-"
Reform or repeal restrictions on local government revenue raising. The pandemic has
sharply increased costs and reduced revenue for localities as well as states, making it much
harder for them to provide basic community services like schools, parks, and clean water. The
American Rescue Plan's substantial direct aid to cities and counties will help a great deal in the
short run, but local governments like states will need to sustain their investments when
the federal aid is gone. States can help by removing unnecessarily strict barriers to raising
revenue at the local level, such as property tax limitations that expand racial income gaps by
providing disproportionate savings to white homeowners. Such individuals are more likely
than Black or Latinx people to own expensive homes, in part because past government
policies segregated people of color in lower -value areas.'
GG Samantha Waxman and Elizabeth McNichol, "Improved State Taxes on Wealth, High Incomes Can Help Duel as Equitable
Recovery," CBPP, December W, 2020, https://www.ebpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/improved-state-taxes-on-
wealth-high-incomes-can-hdp-fuel-an.
a- \Flesley Tharpe, "Raising State Income Tax Rates at the Top a Sensible Way to Fund Key Investments," CBPP, February 7,
2019, https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/ratvng-state-income-tax-rates-at-the-top-a-sensible-way-to-fund-
G3 Leachmm et al, rp.al.
69 CBPP, "Polley Basics: State Supermajorm Rules to Raise Revenues," updated February 5, 201 H,
hops: //www.cbpp.org/research/ state-budget-and-tax/state-supermajority-rules-to-raise, revenues.
-o Lisa 1. Dettling et aG, "Recent Trends in wealth -Holding by Race and Ethnicity: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer
Finances," Federal Reserve Board, September 27, 2017, htgls://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/fells-notes/recent
trends-in-wealth-holding-by-race-and-ethxveity-evidence-from-the-survey-0fconsumetfinances-20170927.htm.
)1 Iris 1. Lav and Michael Leachman, "State Limits on Property Taxes Hamstring Local Services and Should Be Relaxed or
Repealed," CBPP,]uly 18, 2018, htgls://www.ebpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/state-limits-on- ro erty-taxes-
hamstring-local-services-and-should-be.
22
('.criteron
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i� � Budget
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Priorities
Memo
1275 First Street NE, Suite
1200
Washington, DC 20002
Tel: 202-408-1080
Fax:202-408-1056
center@cbpp.org
www.cbpp.org
To:
Interested Parties
From:
C13PP
Subject:
Administering relief programs without an immigration test, when possible
Date:
April 26, 2021
Note. This summary was produced)rom a detailed analysis wraten by David A. Super, Carmack Waterhouse Professor of
Law and Economics, Geotgetown University I -air Center.
Introduction
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (subsequently "the 1996
law' imposes restrictions on immigrants' ability to receive "federal public benefits" and "state and local
public benefits," thereby requiring agencies to impose an immigration status test on programs that meet these
definitions. The 1996 law's immigration provisions apply to many safety net programs, such as SNAP,
TANF, and SSI. However, there are several reasons why the requirements of the 1996 law do not or may not
apply to some of the funding streams in the ARP and CARES Acts, making it possible to deliver assistance
using funds from the Fiscal Recovery Fund (FRF), the Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP), or
leftover Coronavinis Relief Funds (CRF) without an immigration test.
Imposing an immigration test when it is not required creates a significant and unnecessary burden on
both staff administering the program and on all people applying for the program, regardless of their
immigration status. Given the significant stress people are already experiencing, it is important to make
accessing the resources available to people as easy as possible. One way to do that is to avoid imposing an
immigration test when it is not required. Moreover, many families that include immigrants may be fearful
that accessing these benefits may later harm their ability to obtain an immigration status due to "public
charge". States, localities and grantees of ARP resources should include reassuring messages in their outreach
and application processes to clarify that only the following benefits could be negatively factored into a public
charge determination: recurring cash assistance for income maintenance or long term care paid for by the
government (i.e. nursing home care).
Reasons why the 1996 provisions requiring an immigration test do not apply to FRF, CRF
and ERAP
The ARP and the CARES Act supersede the 1996 law for FRF, CRF, and ERAP. ARPA was
enacted a quarter -century after the 1996 law and creates several programs unknown to the Congress
that passed the earlier law. In addition, Congress could have imposed explicit immigration -related
restrictions on these components, but did not do so. It did, however, impose explicit immigration -
related restrictions on the Economic Impact Payments (i.e., stimulus checks). The absence of a
similar restriction on aid from FRF, CRF, and ERAP suggests that Congress did not intend for one
to apply.
The definitions of "federal public benefit" and "state or local public benefits" do not apply.
The FRF, CRF and ERAP are federal funds, thus benefits provided with them are not a "state or
local public benefit." A definitive HHS interpretation of the 1996 welfare law shortly after it passed
fords that aid is not a "federal public benefit" if Congress did not earmark the funds to provide
benefits to "eligibility units" — successful applicants that meet specific income, resource or age
criteria — but provided the funds to benefit the community as a whole. Congress did not earmark
FRF or CRF in this way. Instead, Congress is providing the funds to assist the states and localities in
addressing the pandem c — its purpose is to benefit the community as a whole. States have the
authority to use the funds for many different purposes, not just to provide benefits to individuals,
essentially making them a block grant to states, even though they are not called such.
Applicable exemptions to an immigration test included in the 1996 law
Short-term, non -cash, in kind emergency disaster relief. Nothing in the law puts restrictions on
what counts as a "disaster", state and local governments are free to apply their own standards, even if
no formal disaster declaration is in place. "Short-term" is similarly subject to state and local
definition: the only true requirement is that assistance cannot be provided indefinitely.
Assistance administered by non -profits. Non-profit organizations are exempt from the 1996
law's requirement for an immigration -related test for benefits. Importantly, the non-profit need not
fund such assistance to be exempt, they simply need to administer the program.
Community -level in -kind assistance or services required to "protect life and safety." The
1996 law allows for services or assistance "necessary for the protection of fife or safety" to be
provided without regard to immigrant status as long as they are in -kind, provided at the community
level and do not use traditional means testing to determine eligibility (e.g., determine eligibility based
on income). States and localities have broad discretion to determine what is "necessary for the
protection of life or safety" and could certainly count food security or pending eviction as such
during the pandemic. This assistance can be provided by public agencies as well as non -profits.
Summary: Why an immigration test is not necessary for assistance provided using ERAP,
FRF, and CRF funds
ERAP funds and the assistance they provide are by their very nature "short-term, non -cash, in kind
emergency disaster relief." Congress has put strict time -limits on ERAP and has also stipulated that
they must be provided as in -kind benefits, except in circumstances where a landlord is not able or
chooses to not accept a direct payment. The "non -cash, in kind" stipulation does not prevent the
administering agency from providing ERAP funds as cash, should their landlord be unable or
unwilling to take a vendor payment. A program that sometimes converts in kind benefits to cash is
still an in -kind benefit, so long as most of the benefits are provided in kind, as is the case with ERAP.
Benefits provided more than once does not change their short-term nature, so long as benefits are
not indefinitely distributed.
FRF and CRF are essentially block grants provided to states and localities with the intent of
benefitting the community as a whole. Benefits provided with these funds do not meet the definition
of either a federal public benefit or a state or local public benefit, making it possible to provide them
without an immigration -related test. These funds can be used to provide cash and in -kind benefits
and services such as substance use or mental health treatment services without an immigration -
related test. Benefits provided through a non-profit do not require an immigrant test both because
the funds come from what essentially is a block grant, but also because the 1996 law exempts them
from applying an immigration -related test because of their non-profit status. Setting eligibility criteria
on something other than income (e.g., loss of a job; unpaid bills; food insecurity) would further
distinguish any benefits paid for with these funds from a federal public benefit or a state or local
public benefit.